贵州省土壤的系统分类及其与发生分类的参比研究
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摘要
为推进贵州省土壤的定量化分类研究与应用,利用2015—2017年在贵州省调查的185个代表性土壤剖面的分析结果,结合贵州省以往的土壤调查资料,对贵州全域土壤进行了较为全面的成土特点分析、土壤诊断层和诊断特性的鉴定与系统分类高级单元类别划分。结果表明,贵州省丘陵山地土壤的脱硅富铝化主要以中度至弱为主,土壤有机质积累和腐殖质特性明显,土壤中铁质特性和铝质特性出现较为频繁,土壤粘化、黄化及碳酸盐岩岩性特性较为普遍;人为活动对该省土壤演变影响明显。该省土壤温度状况主要属热性和温性,土壤水分状况有湿润、常湿润、滞水、人为滞水和潮湿等类别。按照中国土壤系统分类检索(第3版),共鉴定出有机土、人为土、潜育土、均腐土、富铁土、淋溶土、雏形土和新成土等8个土纲,包括16个亚纲、41个土类和86亚类。文章对该省主要土纲分布的成土环境进行了分析,对贵州省域的中国土壤系统分类单元与地理发生分类类型进行了参比,并提出了在潜育土中增设水耕简育滞水潜育土、水耕暗沃正常潜育土和水耕简育正常潜育土3个亚类的建议。
To promote the research and application of quantitative classification of soils in Guizhou, based on analysis data of 185 representative soil profiles obtained from soil investigation in Guizhou from 2015 to 2017,combined with previous soil survey data in Guizhou, we carried out a comprehensive analysis of soil formation characteristics, identification of soil diagnostic horizons and diagnostic characteristics and the category division of system classification advanced unit. The results showed that: desilication and allitization of soils in hilly and mountain areas of Guizhou were mainly moderate to weak, and the accumulation of soil organic matter and soil humic property were obvious; the ferric property and alic property were more frequent in the soils; and the soil claying, soil yellowing, and lithologic characters of carbonate rocks were more common; human activities had an obvious influence on the soil evolution. The main soil temperature regimes in Guizhou were thermic and mesic. There were 5 kinds of soil moisture regimes in Guizhou, incluing udic, perudic, stagnic,anthrostagnic, aquic. According to the keys to Chinese Soil Taxonomy(3 rd edition), 8 soil orders, including Histosols, Anthrosols, Gleysols, Isohumosols, Ferrosols, Argosols, Cambosols, and Primosols were identified.There were 16 soil suborders, 41 soil groups, and 86 soil subgroups in Guizhou. We analyzed soil forming environment of main soil orders of Guizhou, compared the soil classification units in Guizhou between Chinese soil taxonomy and geographico-genetic classification of China, and put forward a suggestion for adding 3 subgroups of anthrostagnic hapli-stagnic Gleyosols, anthrostagnic molli-orthic Gleyosols, and anthrostagnic hapli-orthic Gleyosols in Gleyosols order of the Chinese soil taxonomy.
To promote the research and application of quantitative classification of soils in Guizhou, based on analysis data of 185 representative soil profiles obtained from soil investigation in Guizhou from 2015 to 2017,combined with previous soil survey data in Guizhou, we carried out a comprehensive analysis of soil formation characteristics, identification of soil diagnostic horizons and diagnostic characteristics and the category division of system classification advanced unit. The results showed that: desilication and allitization of soils in hilly and mountain areas of Guizhou were mainly moderate to weak, and the accumulation of soil organic matter and soil humic property were obvious; the ferric property and alic property were more frequent in the soils; and the soil claying, soil yellowing, and lithologic characters of carbonate rocks were more common; human activities had an obvious influence on the soil evolution. The main soil temperature regimes in Guizhou were thermic and mesic. There were 5 kinds of soil moisture regimes in Guizhou, incluing udic, perudic, stagnic,anthrostagnic, aquic. According to the keys to Chinese Soil Taxonomy(3 rd edition), 8 soil orders, including Histosols, Anthrosols, Gleysols, Isohumosols, Ferrosols, Argosols, Cambosols, and Primosols were identified.There were 16 soil suborders, 41 soil groups, and 86 soil subgroups in Guizhou. We analyzed soil forming environment of main soil orders of Guizhou, compared the soil classification units in Guizhou between Chinese soil taxonomy and geographico-genetic classification of China, and put forward a suggestion for adding 3 subgroups of anthrostagnic hapli-stagnic Gleyosols, anthrostagnic molli-orthic Gleyosols, and anthrostagnic hapli-orthic Gleyosols in Gleyosols order of the Chinese soil taxonomy.
引文
[1]贵州省土壤普查办公室编.贵州省土壤[M].贵阳:贵阳:贵州科技出版社,1994:52-77.
[2]贵州省农业厅,中国科学院南京土壤研究所.贵州土[M].贵阳:贵州人民出版社,1980:79-89.
[3]龚子同,等.中国土壤系统分类——理论·方法·实践[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:1-38.
[4]龚子同,张甘霖,陈志城,等.土壤发生与系统分类[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:1-20.
[5]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤系统分类课题组,中国土壤系统分类课题协作组.中国土壤系统分类检索(第3版)[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2001:1-52.
[6]杨胜天.贵州黔灵山土壤系统分类[J].贵州师范大学学报,2000,18(3):13-16.
[7]杨胜天,朱启疆,李天杰.RS和GIS支持下的土壤系统分类制图方法研究——以贵州省贵阳市为例[J].土壤学报,2001,38(1):41-48.
[8]宁婧,何腾兵,林昌虎,等.黔北喀斯特生态环境石灰土发生特征与诊断特性的研究[J].贵州农业科学.2009,37(3):76-81.
[9]杨柳,何腾兵,舒英格,等.贵州喀斯特区草地生态条件下石灰(岩)土的发生特性及系统分类研究[J].中国溶岩,2011,30(1):94-99.
[10]董宇博,陆晓辉,王济.贵州省土壤温度状况估算[J].地球与环境,2016,44(2):243-247.
[11]陆晓辉,董宇博,涂成龙.基于不同估算方法的贵州省土壤温度状况[J].土壤学报,2016,53(2):125-132.
[12]张甘霖,王秋兵,张凤荣,等.中国土壤系统分类土族和土系划分标准[J].土壤学报,2013,50(4):826-834.
[13]邹国础.贵州土壤的发生特性及分布规律[J].土壤学报,1981,15(1):11-23.
[14]邹国础.云贵高原土壤地理分布规律[J].土壤学报,1965,5(3):253-261.
[15]杨云.贵州省土壤分布特点与农业利用的关系[J].贵州农业科学,1980,8(4):1-4.
[16]谢静,何冠谛,何腾兵.贵州气候因素对土壤类型及分布的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2015,56(4):510-514.
[17]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤系统分类课题组.土壤野外描述、水热动态观测方法及土壤信息系统(中国土壤系统分类用)[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[18]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤系统分类课题组.中国土壤系统分类用土壤实验室分析项目及方法规范[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[19]张甘霖,龚子同.土壤调查实验室分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2012:38-187.
[20]贵州省土壤普查办公室编.贵州土种志[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,1994:1-155.
[21]陈佩英,周启承,林树基.贵州威宁15000年来的古环境——南屯泥炭层剖面研究[J].贵州地质,1991(2):47-52.
[22]孔凡翠,杨瑞东,沙占江.贵州草海赵家院子晚更新世泥炭层地球化学特征及其环境意义[J].地质论评,2013(4):716-730.
[23]第二次全国土壤普查办公室编.中国土壤[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998:513-526.
[2]贵州省农业厅,中国科学院南京土壤研究所.贵州土[M].贵阳:贵州人民出版社,1980:79-89.
[3]龚子同,等.中国土壤系统分类——理论·方法·实践[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:1-38.
[4]龚子同,张甘霖,陈志城,等.土壤发生与系统分类[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:1-20.
[5]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤系统分类课题组,中国土壤系统分类课题协作组.中国土壤系统分类检索(第3版)[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2001:1-52.
[6]杨胜天.贵州黔灵山土壤系统分类[J].贵州师范大学学报,2000,18(3):13-16.
[7]杨胜天,朱启疆,李天杰.RS和GIS支持下的土壤系统分类制图方法研究——以贵州省贵阳市为例[J].土壤学报,2001,38(1):41-48.
[8]宁婧,何腾兵,林昌虎,等.黔北喀斯特生态环境石灰土发生特征与诊断特性的研究[J].贵州农业科学.2009,37(3):76-81.
[9]杨柳,何腾兵,舒英格,等.贵州喀斯特区草地生态条件下石灰(岩)土的发生特性及系统分类研究[J].中国溶岩,2011,30(1):94-99.
[10]董宇博,陆晓辉,王济.贵州省土壤温度状况估算[J].地球与环境,2016,44(2):243-247.
[11]陆晓辉,董宇博,涂成龙.基于不同估算方法的贵州省土壤温度状况[J].土壤学报,2016,53(2):125-132.
[12]张甘霖,王秋兵,张凤荣,等.中国土壤系统分类土族和土系划分标准[J].土壤学报,2013,50(4):826-834.
[13]邹国础.贵州土壤的发生特性及分布规律[J].土壤学报,1981,15(1):11-23.
[14]邹国础.云贵高原土壤地理分布规律[J].土壤学报,1965,5(3):253-261.
[15]杨云.贵州省土壤分布特点与农业利用的关系[J].贵州农业科学,1980,8(4):1-4.
[16]谢静,何冠谛,何腾兵.贵州气候因素对土壤类型及分布的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2015,56(4):510-514.
[17]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤系统分类课题组.土壤野外描述、水热动态观测方法及土壤信息系统(中国土壤系统分类用)[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[18]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤系统分类课题组.中国土壤系统分类用土壤实验室分析项目及方法规范[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[19]张甘霖,龚子同.土壤调查实验室分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2012:38-187.
[20]贵州省土壤普查办公室编.贵州土种志[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,1994:1-155.
[21]陈佩英,周启承,林树基.贵州威宁15000年来的古环境——南屯泥炭层剖面研究[J].贵州地质,1991(2):47-52.
[22]孔凡翠,杨瑞东,沙占江.贵州草海赵家院子晚更新世泥炭层地球化学特征及其环境意义[J].地质论评,2013(4):716-730.
[23]第二次全国土壤普查办公室编.中国土壤[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998:513-526.
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