珠三角干季边界层垂直温度结构对空气质量的影响
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摘要
文章通过利用2013年12月和2014年10月在珠三角开展大气边界层观测试验得到的垂直温度探空资料和逐日空气质量资料,从逆温层和低空稳定能量等角度研究了珠三角干季边界层垂直温度结构对空气质量的影响。结果表明:珠三角处于冷空气前影响时,较弱的气团活动有利于低空逆温层的持续存在和贴地逆温的发展,珠三角污染日逆温层高度主要分布在0～1 000 m之间。其中贴地逆温出现频率约为35%,低空逆温层尤其是夜间频繁出现的贴地逆温使得污染物累计在近地面气层内,对珠三角空气质量有重要影响。低空稳定能量(E_w)能够较好地反映珠三角大气垂直扩散能力,珠三角AQI与500～800 m处气层稳定能量相关性较好,说明500～800 m气层是影响珠三角空气质量的关键气层,当珠三角该层稳定能量>15 J/cm~2时,大气垂直扩散能力较弱,珠三角空气质量恶化的可能性较高。
Based on the sounding data and corresponding daily AQI data obtained from the boundary layer observation experiment over Pearl River Delta(PRD) region during December 2013 and October 2014, the influence of vertical temperature structure on air quality over PRD region were discussed by inversion layer and stable energy of low layer. It is found shat when PRD was controlled by pre-cold front, affected by the weak air mass activities the lower inversion layer would exist persistently and surface inversion layer would develop instantly, the inversion layer height in pollution days was about 0～1 000 m. In pollution days the frequency of surface inversion layer was about 35% over PRD, lower inversion layer especially surface inversion layer made pollutants accumulated in ground layer, and caused local air quality deteriorated rapidly. The stable energy of low layer(E_w) was a useful tool to represent the atmospheric vertical diffusion capacity, studies showed that a high correlation coefficient could be found between AQI and E_wunder 500～800 m, indicating that air layer under 500～800 m height was the key air layer to air quality over PRD. When the E_w of that layer was larger than 15 J/cm~2, the ability for atmospheric vertical diffusion was weak, resulting in fast deteriorating air quality.
Based on the sounding data and corresponding daily AQI data obtained from the boundary layer observation experiment over Pearl River Delta(PRD) region during December 2013 and October 2014, the influence of vertical temperature structure on air quality over PRD region were discussed by inversion layer and stable energy of low layer. It is found shat when PRD was controlled by pre-cold front, affected by the weak air mass activities the lower inversion layer would exist persistently and surface inversion layer would develop instantly, the inversion layer height in pollution days was about 0～1 000 m. In pollution days the frequency of surface inversion layer was about 35% over PRD, lower inversion layer especially surface inversion layer made pollutants accumulated in ground layer, and caused local air quality deteriorated rapidly. The stable energy of low layer(E_w) was a useful tool to represent the atmospheric vertical diffusion capacity, studies showed that a high correlation coefficient could be found between AQI and E_wunder 500～800 m, indicating that air layer under 500～800 m height was the key air layer to air quality over PRD. When the E_w of that layer was larger than 15 J/cm~2, the ability for atmospheric vertical diffusion was weak, resulting in fast deteriorating air quality.
引文
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[2]吴兑.灰霾天气的形成与演化[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(3):157-161.Wu Dui.Formation and evolution of haze weather[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,34(3):157-161.
[3]范绍佳,谭冠日.广州迈向国际大都市的大气环境生态问题[J].中山大学学报:自然科学版,1996,35(S1):162-166.Fan Shaojia,Tan Guanri.Ecological problems concerned with atmospheric environment during the process to build Guangzhou into an international metropolis[J].Acata Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,1996,35(S1):162-166.
[4]吴兑.近十年中国灰霾天气研究综述[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(2):257-269.Wu Dui.Hazy weather research in China in last decade:a review[J].Acta Scientiae Ciracumstantiae,2012,32(2):257-269.
[5]吴蒙,彭慧萍,范绍佳,等.珠江三角洲区域空气质量的时空变化特征[J].环境科学与技术,2015,38(2):77-82.Wu Meng,Peng Huiping,Fan Shaojia,et al.Distribution characteristics of regional air quality in the Pearl River Delta[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2015,38(2):77-82.
[6]Wu D,Tie X X,Li C C,et al.An extremely low visibility event over the Guangzhou region:a case study[J].Atmospheric Environment,2005,39(35):6568-6577.
[7]Tie X X,Wu D,Guy B.Lung cancer mortality and exposure to atmospheric aerosol particles in Guangzhou,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2009,43(14):2375-2377.
[8]吴兑.新版《环境空气质量标准》热点污染物PM2.5监控策略的思考与建议[J].环境监控与预警,2012,4(4):1-7.Wu Dui.Thinking and advice on the controlling strategy of PM2.5as the hot pollutant in the new Ambient Air Quality Standard of China[J].Environment Monitoring and Forewarning,2012,4(4):1-7.
[9]吴小鸣,蒋维楣.海岸地区三维风场与污染物输送扩散模式[J].环境科学学报,1991,11(1):63-70.Wu Xiaoming,Jiang Weimei.A model of the wind field and air pollutant transport and dispersion in coastal area[J].Acta Scientiae Ciracumstantiae,1991,11(1):63-70.
[10]Wu M,Wu D,Fan Q,et al.Observational studies of the meteorological characteristics associated with poor air quality over the Pearl River Delta in China[J].Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics,2013,13(21):10755-10766.
[11]范绍佳,王安宇,樊琦,等.珠江三角洲大气边界层特征及其概念模型[J].中国环境科学,2006,26(S):4-6.Fan Shaojia,Wang Anyu,Fan Qi,et al.Atmospheric boundary layer features of Pearl River Delta and its conception model[J].China Environmental Science,2006,26(S):4-6.
[12]张蔷,赵淑艳,金永利.北京地区低空风、温度层结对大气污染物垂直分布影响初探[J].应用气象学报,2002,13(S1):153-159.Zhang Qiang,Zhao Shuyan,Jin Yongli.A preliminary study of impacts of wind in low level and temperature stratification on vertical distribution of atmospheric pollutants in Beijing area[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2002,13(S1):153-159.
[13]修天阳,孙扬,宋涛,等.北京夏季灰霾天臭氧近地层垂直分布与边界层结构分析[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(2):321-331.Xiu Tianyang,Sun Yang,Song Tao,et al.The vertical distribution of ozone and boundary layer structure analysis during summer haze in Beijing[J].Acta Scientiae Ciracumstantiae,2013,33(2):321-331.
[14]李茜,宋金平,张建辉,等.中国城市化对环境空气质量影响的演化规律研究[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(9):2402-2411.Li Qian,Song Jinping,Zhang Jianhui,et al.Dynamics in the effect of China’s urbanization on air quality[J].Acta Scientiae Ciracumstantiae,2013,33(9):2402-2411.
[15]佟华,刘辉志,胡非,等.城市规划对大气环境变化及空气质量的影响[J].气候与环境研究,2003,8(2):167-179.Tong Hua,Liu Huizhi,Hu Fei,et al.The impact of city programming on the atmospheric environment and air quality in urban area[J].Climatic and Environmental Research,2003,8(2):167-179.
[16]Wu M,Wu D,Fan Q,et al.Observational studies of the meteorological characteristics associated with poor air quality over the Pearl River Delta in China[J].Atmos Chem Phys,2013,13:10755-10766.
[17]Pasch A N,MacDonald C P,Gilliam R C,et al.Meteorological characteristics associated with PM2.5air pollution in Cleveland,Ohio,during the 2009-2010 Cleveland Multiple Air Pollutants Study[J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(39):7026-7035.
[18]尚可政,达存莹,付有智,等.兰州城区稳定能量及其与空气污染的关系[J].高原气象,2001,20(1):76-81.Shang Kezheng,Da Cunying,Fu Youzhi,et al.The stable energy in Lanzhou City and the relations with air pollution[J].Plateau Meteorolagy,2001,20(1):76-81.
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