基于SEM的农户测土配方施肥技术采纳意愿及其影响因素研究
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摘要
测土配方施肥技术可以促进农业节本增效,提高农户科学施肥水平,改善农业生产环境。然而,目前存在农户认知不明确、政府推广机制不健全、配套服务不完善等问题,使得测土配方施肥技术的入户采纳率有待提高。为更有效地推广测土配方施肥技术,以江西省277个农户调查数据为依据,通过农户采纳意愿、感知有用性、感知易用性、主观规范、便利条件、结果展示、农户特征为潜变量,利用结构方程模型(SEM)定量化地探究农户主观意识及环境背景对农户测土配方施肥技术采纳意愿的影响。结果表明:感知有用性、感知易用性与主观规范是影响农户采纳意愿的关键因素,影响程度排序为感知易用性(0.431)>感知有用性(0.325)>主观规范(0.266);结果展示和农户特征对感知有用性与感知易用性具有显著的正向影响;便利条件对感知易用性具有显著的正向影响。基于上述研究结果,本文从农户引导、政府扶持、技术创新与评价体系构建这四方面提出进一步推广测土配方施肥技术的建议。
Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization Technology can promote the cost-saving and efficiency of agricultural, improve the level of farmers' scientific fertilization, and purify agricultural production environment. However, there are still some problems that make the adoption rate of Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization Technology to be further improved, such as farmers' unclear cognition, unsoundness of the government extension mechanism, imperfect supporting services, etc. In order to more effectively promote the Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization Technology, this study is based on the survey data of 277 farmers in Jiangxi Province, using Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) to quantitatively explore the impact of farmers' subjective awareness and environmental background on farmers' willingness to improve the adoption rate of Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization Technology. In SEM, latent variables including the farmers' willingness to adopt, the perceived usefulness, the perceived ease of use, the subjective norms, the convenience conditions, the results display, and household characteristics. The results show that the perceived usefulness, the perceived ease of use, and the subjective norms are the key factors affecting farmers' willingness to adopt; the degree of influence is ranked as the perceived ease of use(0.431)> the perceived usefulness(0.325)> the subjective norms(0.266); the results display and farmer characteristics have significant positive impact on the perceived usefulness and the perceived ease of use; the convenience conditions have a significant positive impact on the perceived ease of use.Based on the above research results, we could further promote the Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization Technology from the four aspects of the farmer guidance, the government support, the technological innovation and the evaluation system construction.
Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization Technology can promote the cost-saving and efficiency of agricultural, improve the level of farmers' scientific fertilization, and purify agricultural production environment. However, there are still some problems that make the adoption rate of Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization Technology to be further improved, such as farmers' unclear cognition, unsoundness of the government extension mechanism, imperfect supporting services, etc. In order to more effectively promote the Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization Technology, this study is based on the survey data of 277 farmers in Jiangxi Province, using Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) to quantitatively explore the impact of farmers' subjective awareness and environmental background on farmers' willingness to improve the adoption rate of Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization Technology. In SEM, latent variables including the farmers' willingness to adopt, the perceived usefulness, the perceived ease of use, the subjective norms, the convenience conditions, the results display, and household characteristics. The results show that the perceived usefulness, the perceived ease of use, and the subjective norms are the key factors affecting farmers' willingness to adopt; the degree of influence is ranked as the perceived ease of use(0.431)> the perceived usefulness(0.325)> the subjective norms(0.266); the results display and farmer characteristics have significant positive impact on the perceived usefulness and the perceived ease of use; the convenience conditions have a significant positive impact on the perceived ease of use.Based on the above research results, we could further promote the Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization Technology from the four aspects of the farmer guidance, the government support, the technological innovation and the evaluation system construction.
引文
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[2] 郭熙,赖锦春,赵小敏,等.基于GIS丘陵土壤分区的水稻施肥配方研究[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(2):307-315.GUO X,LAI J C,ZHAO X M,et al.Fertilizer recommendations on rice of soil distribution at hilly area by GIS[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44 (2) :307-315.
[3] 史常亮,李赟,朱俊峰.劳动力转移、化肥过度使用与面源污染[J].中国农业大学学报,2016,21(5):169-180.SHI C L,LI Y,ZHU J F.Labor transfer,excessive use of fertilizers and non-point source pollution[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2016,21 (5) :169-180.
[4] 金书秦,邢晓旭.农业面源污染的趋势研判、政策评述和对策建议[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(3):593-600.JIN S Q,XING X X.Trend analysis,policy evaluation,and recommendations of agricultural non-point source pollution[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2018,51(3):593-600.
[5] 李新华,巩前文.从“增量增产”到“减量增效”:农户施肥调控政策演变及走向[J].农业现代化研究,2016,37(5):877-884.LI X H,GONG Q W.Trend and direction of China’s development of regulatory policies preventing over-fertilization in farming:From“increasing yield by increasing fertilizer quantity”to“increasing efficiency by reducing fertilizer quantity” [J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2016,37(5):877-884.
[6] 姚延婷,陈万明,李晓宁.环境友好农业技术创新与农业经济增长关系研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(8):122-130.YAO Y T,CHEN W M,LI X N.Research of relationship between environmentally-friendly agricultural technology innovation and agricultural economic growth[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2014,24 (8):122-130.
[7] 戢林,张锡洲,李廷轩.基于“3414”试验的川中丘陵区水稻测土配方施肥指标体系构建[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(1):84-92.JI L,ZHANG X Z,LI T X.Establishing fertilization recommendation index of paddy soil based on the“3414”field experiments in the middle of Sichuan hilly regions[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44 (1) :84-92.
[8] 沈春蕾.肥料的未来在这里[N].中国科学报,2018-09-17(5).
[9] 耿飙,罗良国.种植规模、环保认知与环境友好型农业技术采用——基于洱海流域上游农户的调查数据[J].中国农业大学学报,2018,23(3):164-174.GENG B,LUO L G.Farm size,perception on environmental protection and adoption of environmental-friendly agricultural technology:Based on survey data from the farmers in the upper reaches of Erhai Watershed[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2018,23(3):164-174.
[10] 王志刚,刘尧,苏毅清.测土配方施肥技术推广的成效及未来展望——以广西武鸣县为例[J].农业经济与管理,2015(6):24-29.WANG Z G,LIU Y,SU Y Q.Effect and Future Outlook of Application of Soil Testing and Fertilizer Application Technology:Taking Wuming County of Guangxi as an Example[J].Agricultural Economics and Management,2015(6):24-29.
[11] AJZEN I.The theory of planned behavior[J].Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,1991,50:179-211.
[12] 葛继红,周曙东,朱红根,等.农户采用环境友好型农业技术行为研究——以配方施肥技术为例[J].农业技术经济,2010(9):57-63.GE J H,ZHOU S D,ZHU H G,et al.Research on farmer’s behavior of adoption environment friendly technology:Taking formula fertilization technology as an example[J].Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2010 (9) :57-63.
[13] 韩洪云,杨增旭.农户测土配方施肥技术采纳行为研究——基于山东省枣庄市薛城区农户调研数据[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(23):4962-4970.HAN H Y,YANG Z X.Analysis on farmers’adoptive behavior of soil testing for formulated fertilization:Empirical evidence from the Xuecheng District of Zaozhuang City in Shangdong Province[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44 (23) :4962-4970.
[14] 文长存,吴敬学.农户“两型农业”技术采用行为的影响因素分析——基于辽宁省玉米水稻种植户的调查数据[J].中国农业大学学报,2016,21(9):179-187.WEN C C,WU J X.Factors affecting farmers’ adoption of resource-saving and environment-friendly technology:Based on the survey data of grain farmers from Liaoning Province[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2016,21 (9) :179-187.
[15] 谈存峰,张莉,同万慧.农用循环生产技术农户采纳意愿影响因素分析——西北内陆河灌区样本农户数据[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(8):35-39.TAN C F,ZHANG L,TIAN WH.Factors offectong the withing ness to adopt fatmland recycling procluction technology:Based on a svtvey in Hexi Corriodor[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2017,31(8):35-39.
[16] 林嵩.结构方程模型原理及 AMOS 应用[D].武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2008.LIN S.The Principle of Structural Equation Model and the Application of AMO[D]S.Wuhan:Huazhong Normal University Press,2008.
[17] 许佳贤,郑逸男,林沙.农户农业新技术采纳行为的影响机理分析——基于公众情境理论[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(2):52-58.XU J X,ZHENG Y F,OIN S.Anlysis an the mechanism of famers’ adoption of new agricultural technology:BVased on pablic situation theory[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2018,32(2):52-58.
[18] DAVIS F D,BAGOZZI R P,WARSHAW P R.User acceptance of computer technology:A Comparison of two theoretical models[J].Management Science,1989,35(8):982-1003.
[19] DAVIS F D.Perceived usefulness,perceived ease of use,and user acceptance of information technology[J].MIS Quart,1989,13(3):319-339.
[20] VENKATESH V,DAVIS F D.A Theoretical extension of the technology acceptance model:Four longitudinal field studies[J].Management science,2000,46,186-204.
[21] VENKATESH V,BALA H.Technology acceptance model 3 and a research agenda on interventions[J].Decision Sciences,2010,39(2):273-315.
[22] NYSVEEN H,PEDERSEN P E,THORBJORNSEN H.Intentions to use mobile services:Antecedents and cross-service comparisons.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,2005,33(3):330.
[23] YSTEIN.EIKEBROKK T R.Explaining is continuancein environments where usage is mandatory[J],Computers in Human Behavior,2008,24(5):2357-2371.
[24] IGBARIA M,ZINATELLI N,CRAGG P,et a;.Personal computing acceptance factors in Small Firms:A structural equation model[J].Mis Quarterly,1997,21(3):279-305.
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