纳米粘土的微观结构与直剪力学特性及应用研究
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摘要
为了探索纳米粘土的力学性能及作用机理,分别进行了纳米粘土、纳米粘土改性尾矿砂的直接剪切力学试验.采用SEM、XRD、EDX测试方法,测试表明,试验使用纳米黏土的主要成分为二氧化硅和氧化铝,结构密实,呈粒状堆积结构.直剪力学测试表明:(1)纳米粘土的剪切应力-位移曲线为软化型曲线;(2)法向应力增加时,纳米黏土的峰值强度线性增加,但其对应的剪切变形相应减少;(3)纳米粘土的峰值强度和残余强度均符合莫尔-库伦准则,残余强度约为峰值强度的60%～70%;(4)加入10%纳米粘土后,尾矿砂的抗剪强度大幅提高.纳米粘土的微观结构和优良的直剪力学性能为其在岩土工程中的应用提供了可能.
In order to explore the mechanical properties and mechanism of nanoclay,microscopic characterization and direct shear tests were carried out. The microscopic characteristics were revealed by SEM,XRD and EDX test methods. Direct shear mechanical tests on nanoclay,iron tailing powder and nanoclay reinforced iron tailing powder were conducted under five normal stresses. The microscopic tests demonstrate that the main components of the test nanoclay are SiO_2 and Al_2O_3,which are densely packed with a granular packing structure. The mechanical tests show as follows:(1) the shear strength displacement curve of nanoclay is a softening curve;(2) when the normal stress increases,the peak strength increases linearly,but the corresponding shear deformation decreases accordingly;(3) the peak strength and residual strength of nanoclay conform to Mohr Coulomb criterion,and the residual strength is about 60% ～ 70% of the peak intensity;(4) adding 10% nanoclay can greatly enhance the shear strength of iron tailing powder. The microstructure and excellent direct shear mechanical properties of nanoclay enable its application in geotechnical engineering.
In order to explore the mechanical properties and mechanism of nanoclay,microscopic characterization and direct shear tests were carried out. The microscopic characteristics were revealed by SEM,XRD and EDX test methods. Direct shear mechanical tests on nanoclay,iron tailing powder and nanoclay reinforced iron tailing powder were conducted under five normal stresses. The microscopic tests demonstrate that the main components of the test nanoclay are SiO_2 and Al_2O_3,which are densely packed with a granular packing structure. The mechanical tests show as follows:(1) the shear strength displacement curve of nanoclay is a softening curve;(2) when the normal stress increases,the peak strength increases linearly,but the corresponding shear deformation decreases accordingly;(3) the peak strength and residual strength of nanoclay conform to Mohr Coulomb criterion,and the residual strength is about 60% ～ 70% of the peak intensity;(4) adding 10% nanoclay can greatly enhance the shear strength of iron tailing powder. The microstructure and excellent direct shear mechanical properties of nanoclay enable its application in geotechnical engineering.
引文
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[2]陆银平,张玉德,刘钦甫,等.纳米粘土的制备及应用研究进展[J].化工新型材料,2009,37(10):8-10.
[3]李小光,翟文举,张倩茜.纳米粘土TNK在轿车轮胎气密层中的应用[J].轮胎工业,2017,37(6):356-359.
[4]余志伟,王忠光,漆小鹏.纳米粘土提高环氧树脂绝缘材料力学性能研究[J].绝缘材料,2005,38(3):8-10.
[5]汪玉,司友斌.纳米粘土矿物对阿特拉津的吸附-解吸特性研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(1):125-129.
[6]孙学杰,吉雷波.纳米粘土在高性能绿色轮胎胎面胶中的应用[J].轮胎工业,2015,35(4):232-234.
[7]刘本义,高小建,陶琦.纳米粘土改性自密实混凝土的免振滑模施工效果研究[J].水利水电技术,2017,48(2):63-66.
[8]仲晓林,李顺凯,孙跃生,等.纳米粘土材料对水泥混凝土性能的影响[J].混凝土,2005,(8):62-63.
[9]张鹏,万进一,李晓英,等.纳米粒子和聚乙烯醇纤维增强水泥基复合材料抗折性能[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(7):234-238.
[10]王海飙,陈冲.纳米Ca CO3对冻融循环水泥土力学性能影响的试验研究[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(29):348-353.
[11]王伟,张帅,张芳,等.纳米氧化镁改性水泥土一维固结压缩试验研究[J].水利学报,2015,46(s1):84-89.
[12]WANG W,ZHANG C,LI N,et al.Mechanical performance of nanometer magnesia and cement reinforced seashore soft soil by direct shear test[J].Marine Georesources&Geotechnology,2018,DOI:10.1080/1064119X.2018.1515283.
[13]MORADPOUR R,TAHERI-NASSAJ E,PARHIZKART,et al.The effects of nanoscale expansive agents on the mechanical properties of non-shrink cement-based composites:The influence of nano-MgO addition[J].Composites Part B:Engineering,2013,55(12):193-202.
[14]TANG M,AGARWAL S,ALSEWAILEM F,et al.Amodel for water vapor permeability reduction in poly(lactic acid)and nanoclay nanocomposites[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2018,135(30):DOI:10.1002/app.46506.
[15]吴王意,应乘风,李娜,等.纤维改性滨海水泥土的直剪和无侧限特性试验研究[J].绍兴文理学院学报,2018,38(8):45-50.
[16]JIANG P,QIU L,LI N,et al.Shearing performance of lime reinforced iron tailing powder based on energy dissipationl[J].Advances in Civil Engineering,2018,https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4748526.
[17]中华人民共和国水利部.土工试验方法标准编号:GB/T 50123-1999[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1999:10.
[18]卢廷浩.土力学[M].南京:河海大学出版社,2005:156-159.
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