喀喇昆仑-帕米尔地区牦牛mtDNA Cytb遗传多样性及系统发育分析
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摘要
牦牛是喀喇昆仑-帕米尔地区重要的畜种资源,而关于该区域牦牛遗传多样性和系统进化的研究鲜有报道。对喀喇昆仑-帕米尔地区牦牛mtDNA Cytb基因进行遗传多样性分析,结果表明:mtDNA Cytb基因全长为1 140 bp,其中T、C、A和G碱基的平均含量分别为26.2%、29.0%、31.7%、13.1%,其中A+T碱基含量(57.9%)大于C+G碱基的含量(42.1%),存在碱基的偏倚性;共检测出10个多态位点,5个单倍型,变异类型仅有转换;检测的平均单倍型多样性0.599±0.00123,平均核苷酸差异性3.363,平均核苷酸多样性0.002 59。基于国内牦牛群体构建系统发育树表明:喀喇昆仑-帕米尔地区牦牛与野牦牛亲缘关系较近,与巴州牦牛亲缘关系较远;利用GenBank已提交的牦牛和牛亚科代表物种序列,选用最大似然法构建系统发育树,结果表明牦牛与美洲野牛亲缘关系较近,与普通牛亲缘关系较远。
Yak is an important breeding resource in the Karakorum-Pamir Region, and there are few reports on the genetic diversity and phylogenetic evolution of yak in this region. In this study, the genetic diversity of mtDNA Cytb gene in yak in Karakoram-Pamir Region was analyzed. The results showed that the full length of mtDNA Cytb gene was 1 140 bp, and the average contents of T, C, A and G bases were 26.2%, 29.0%, 31.7%, and 13.1%, respectively, and the A+T base content(57.9%) was greater than C+G base content(42.1%), presence of base Basis bias; a total of 10 polymorphic loci with 5 haplotypes were detected, and only the transformed variant type was obtained; the average haplotype diversity, nucleotide difference, and nucleoside acid diversity were 0.599±0.001 23, 3.363 and 0.002 59, respectively. The results based on the construction of phylogenetic trees in the domestic yak population which indicated that the yak in the Karakoram-Pamir Region is closely related to the wild yak, and has a close relationship with the Bazhou yak; using the representative sequence of yak and bovine subfamily submitted by GenBank, the phylogenetic tree was constructed by the maximum likelihood method. The results showed that the yak was closely related to the American bison and had a close relationship with the common cattle.
Yak is an important breeding resource in the Karakorum-Pamir Region, and there are few reports on the genetic diversity and phylogenetic evolution of yak in this region. In this study, the genetic diversity of mtDNA Cytb gene in yak in Karakoram-Pamir Region was analyzed. The results showed that the full length of mtDNA Cytb gene was 1 140 bp, and the average contents of T, C, A and G bases were 26.2%, 29.0%, 31.7%, and 13.1%, respectively, and the A+T base content(57.9%) was greater than C+G base content(42.1%), presence of base Basis bias; a total of 10 polymorphic loci with 5 haplotypes were detected, and only the transformed variant type was obtained; the average haplotype diversity, nucleotide difference, and nucleoside acid diversity were 0.599±0.001 23, 3.363 and 0.002 59, respectively. The results based on the construction of phylogenetic trees in the domestic yak population which indicated that the yak in the Karakoram-Pamir Region is closely related to the wild yak, and has a close relationship with the Bazhou yak; using the representative sequence of yak and bovine subfamily submitted by GenBank, the phylogenetic tree was constructed by the maximum likelihood method. The results showed that the yak was closely related to the American bison and had a close relationship with the common cattle.
引文
[1] 李齐发,李隐侠,赵兴波,等.牦牛线粒体DNA D-loop区序列测定及其在牛亚科中分类地位的研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2008,39(1):1-6.
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[3] 郭松长,祁得林,陈桂华,等.家牦牛线粒体DNA(mtDNA)遗传多样性及其分类[J].生态学报,2008,28(9):4286-4294.
[4] 王煜,韩学平,陈永伟.青海高原牦牛生产性能变化研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2016,58(15):233-234.
[5] 蒋宏伟,王若勇,齐纳秀,等.野牦牛与家牦牛六个方面比较[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2018,37(4):70-71.
[6] 王琪,张全伟,张勇,等.牦牛生产性能及血液生理生化指标统计分析[J].中国兽医学报,2018,37(1):222-229
[7] 张潭瑛,杨勤,马桂琳,等.甘南牦牛种质资源保护及开发利用[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2016,35(4):78-79.
[8] 施奇静,王静,孙军平,等.中国牦牛资源保护及可持续利用:驯化与品种培育[J].家畜生态学报,2016,37(1):81-86.
[9] 王理中.牦牛驯化的基因组学证据[D].兰州:兰州大学,博士学位论文,2016.
[10] 郑丕留.牛的种志 [M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1986.
[11] Wu X,Chu M,Liang C,et al..The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Datong yak (Bos grunniens)[J].Mitochondrial DNA A (DNA Mapp.Seq.Anal.),2016,27(1):433-434.
[12] 曹兵海,李俊雅,王之盛,等.2018年肉牛牦牛产业技术发展报告[J].中国畜牧杂志,2019,55(3):133-138.
[13] 娄珊宁.2019年5月草业科学大事记[J].草业科学,2019,36(6):1693-1694.
[14] 李晨.无角牦牛降生高原 [N].中国科学报,2019-7-12.
[15] 牛珺,孙宝忠,余群力,等.我国牦牛肉分级标准体系研究现状与发展趋势[J].肉类研究,2016,30(5):42-46.
[16] 陈学礼,和嘉华,邹淑昆,等.中甸牦牛产业现状及发展思路[J].安徽农业科学,2018,57(10):194-195.
[17] 亐开兴,昝林森,黄必志.牛亚科几个物种的起源及其种间杂交研究进展[J].中国牛业科学,2014,40(3):1-10.
[18] 张志飞,梁春年,郭宪,等.无角牦牛与有角牦牛血液生理、生化指标的比较研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(12):3257-3262.
[19] 成述儒,王欣荣,曾玉峰.甘肃境内6个牦牛群体微卫星标记遗传多样性及遗传结构分析[J].农业生物技术学报,2012,20(12):1424-1432.
[20] 李齐发,赵兴波,罗晓林,等.牦牛基因组微卫星富集文库的构建与分析[J].遗传学报,2004,31(5):489-494.
[22] 涂世英,汪琦,柴志欣,等.中甸牦牛mtDNA D-loop区遗传多样性及系统进化分析[J].中国草食动物科学,2016,36(3):5-10.
[21] 赖松家.中国三个牛种遗传多样性和分子系统进化研究[D].四川雅安:四川农业大学,博士学位论文,2004.
[22] 陈攀攀,柴志欣,钟金城.牦牛线粒体基因的研究进展及应用[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2015,57(19):54-56.
[23] 常国斌,常洪,陈国宏,等.基于Cytb基因部分序列分析巴州牦牛遗传多样性及其系统地位[J].遗传育种,2010,46(17):19-21.
[24] 王兰萍,耿荣庆,常洪,等.新疆巴州牦牛种群线粒体DNA遗传多样性及其系统发育分析[J].家畜生态学报,2013,34(8):17-20.
[25] 涂世英,宋娜娜,柴志欣,等.中甸牦牛mtDNA Cyt b基因遗传多样性及系统进化分析[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(10):22687-26800.
[26] 丹胡,钟金城,柴志欣.新疆塔什库尔干牦牛mtDNA Cytb基因和D-Loop区遗传多样性及系统进化分析[J].家畜生态学报,2018,39(11):11-16.
[27] 姬秋梅,唐懿挺,张成福,等.西藏牦牛mtDNA基因的序列多态性及其系统进化分析[J].畜牧兽医学报,2012,43(11):1723-1732.
[28] 李齐发,李隐侠,赵兴波,等.牦牛线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因序列测定及其起源、分类地位研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2006,37(11):1118-1123.
[29] 杨万远,陈雪梅,钟金城,等.野牦牛mtDNA Cytb基因全序列测定及系统进化关系[J].中国草食动物,2009,29(3):8-13.
[30] 钱建新,钱和平,徐志伟,等.基于线粒体cox 1和nad 1基因对青海牦牛种系发育关系的研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2013,40(2):151-154.
[31] 耿荣庆.牛亚科家畜基于结构基因的分子进化特征与分子钟学说检验[D].扬州:扬州大学,博士学位论文,2008.
[32] 杨淑萍,姜洁,阎平.中国帕米尔高原珍稀濒危植物及特有种的生态地理分布[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(01):115-120.
[33] 王玉涛,戴志刚,杨世杰,等.东帕米尔高原盘羊分布与栖息地植被覆盖时空变化[J].生态学报,2016,36(01):209-217.
[34] 郭松长,刘建全,祁得林,等.牦牛的分类学地位及起源研究:mtDNA D-loop序列的分析[J].兽类学报,2006,26(4):325-330.
[35] 钟金城,柴志欣,姬秋梅,等.西藏牦牛的遗传多样性及其系统进化研究[J].西南民族大学学报(自然科学版),2011,37(3):368-378.
[36] 钟金城,柴志欣,马志杰,等.野牦牛线粒体基因组序列测定及其系统进化[J].生态学报,2015,35(05):1564-1572.
[2] Qi X,Jian L H,Blench R,et al..Understanding the Yak Pastoralism in Central Asian Highlands:Mitochondrial DNA Evidence for Origin,Domestication and Dispersal of Domestic Yak[M].Taylor Francis,2008,428-443.
[3] 郭松长,祁得林,陈桂华,等.家牦牛线粒体DNA(mtDNA)遗传多样性及其分类[J].生态学报,2008,28(9):4286-4294.
[4] 王煜,韩学平,陈永伟.青海高原牦牛生产性能变化研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2016,58(15):233-234.
[5] 蒋宏伟,王若勇,齐纳秀,等.野牦牛与家牦牛六个方面比较[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2018,37(4):70-71.
[6] 王琪,张全伟,张勇,等.牦牛生产性能及血液生理生化指标统计分析[J].中国兽医学报,2018,37(1):222-229
[7] 张潭瑛,杨勤,马桂琳,等.甘南牦牛种质资源保护及开发利用[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2016,35(4):78-79.
[8] 施奇静,王静,孙军平,等.中国牦牛资源保护及可持续利用:驯化与品种培育[J].家畜生态学报,2016,37(1):81-86.
[9] 王理中.牦牛驯化的基因组学证据[D].兰州:兰州大学,博士学位论文,2016.
[10] 郑丕留.牛的种志 [M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1986.
[11] Wu X,Chu M,Liang C,et al..The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Datong yak (Bos grunniens)[J].Mitochondrial DNA A (DNA Mapp.Seq.Anal.),2016,27(1):433-434.
[12] 曹兵海,李俊雅,王之盛,等.2018年肉牛牦牛产业技术发展报告[J].中国畜牧杂志,2019,55(3):133-138.
[13] 娄珊宁.2019年5月草业科学大事记[J].草业科学,2019,36(6):1693-1694.
[14] 李晨.无角牦牛降生高原 [N].中国科学报,2019-7-12.
[15] 牛珺,孙宝忠,余群力,等.我国牦牛肉分级标准体系研究现状与发展趋势[J].肉类研究,2016,30(5):42-46.
[16] 陈学礼,和嘉华,邹淑昆,等.中甸牦牛产业现状及发展思路[J].安徽农业科学,2018,57(10):194-195.
[17] 亐开兴,昝林森,黄必志.牛亚科几个物种的起源及其种间杂交研究进展[J].中国牛业科学,2014,40(3):1-10.
[18] 张志飞,梁春年,郭宪,等.无角牦牛与有角牦牛血液生理、生化指标的比较研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(12):3257-3262.
[19] 成述儒,王欣荣,曾玉峰.甘肃境内6个牦牛群体微卫星标记遗传多样性及遗传结构分析[J].农业生物技术学报,2012,20(12):1424-1432.
[20] 李齐发,赵兴波,罗晓林,等.牦牛基因组微卫星富集文库的构建与分析[J].遗传学报,2004,31(5):489-494.
[22] 涂世英,汪琦,柴志欣,等.中甸牦牛mtDNA D-loop区遗传多样性及系统进化分析[J].中国草食动物科学,2016,36(3):5-10.
[21] 赖松家.中国三个牛种遗传多样性和分子系统进化研究[D].四川雅安:四川农业大学,博士学位论文,2004.
[22] 陈攀攀,柴志欣,钟金城.牦牛线粒体基因的研究进展及应用[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2015,57(19):54-56.
[23] 常国斌,常洪,陈国宏,等.基于Cytb基因部分序列分析巴州牦牛遗传多样性及其系统地位[J].遗传育种,2010,46(17):19-21.
[24] 王兰萍,耿荣庆,常洪,等.新疆巴州牦牛种群线粒体DNA遗传多样性及其系统发育分析[J].家畜生态学报,2013,34(8):17-20.
[25] 涂世英,宋娜娜,柴志欣,等.中甸牦牛mtDNA Cyt b基因遗传多样性及系统进化分析[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(10):22687-26800.
[26] 丹胡,钟金城,柴志欣.新疆塔什库尔干牦牛mtDNA Cytb基因和D-Loop区遗传多样性及系统进化分析[J].家畜生态学报,2018,39(11):11-16.
[27] 姬秋梅,唐懿挺,张成福,等.西藏牦牛mtDNA基因的序列多态性及其系统进化分析[J].畜牧兽医学报,2012,43(11):1723-1732.
[28] 李齐发,李隐侠,赵兴波,等.牦牛线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因序列测定及其起源、分类地位研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2006,37(11):1118-1123.
[29] 杨万远,陈雪梅,钟金城,等.野牦牛mtDNA Cytb基因全序列测定及系统进化关系[J].中国草食动物,2009,29(3):8-13.
[30] 钱建新,钱和平,徐志伟,等.基于线粒体cox 1和nad 1基因对青海牦牛种系发育关系的研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2013,40(2):151-154.
[31] 耿荣庆.牛亚科家畜基于结构基因的分子进化特征与分子钟学说检验[D].扬州:扬州大学,博士学位论文,2008.
[32] 杨淑萍,姜洁,阎平.中国帕米尔高原珍稀濒危植物及特有种的生态地理分布[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(01):115-120.
[33] 王玉涛,戴志刚,杨世杰,等.东帕米尔高原盘羊分布与栖息地植被覆盖时空变化[J].生态学报,2016,36(01):209-217.
[34] 郭松长,刘建全,祁得林,等.牦牛的分类学地位及起源研究:mtDNA D-loop序列的分析[J].兽类学报,2006,26(4):325-330.
[35] 钟金城,柴志欣,姬秋梅,等.西藏牦牛的遗传多样性及其系统进化研究[J].西南民族大学学报(自然科学版),2011,37(3):368-378.
[36] 钟金城,柴志欣,马志杰,等.野牦牛线粒体基因组序列测定及其系统进化[J].生态学报,2015,35(05):1564-1572.
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