渤海海洋环境对斑海豹生存影响研究
|
摘要
渤海是斑海豹在我国唯一的繁殖地。研究结果表明,半个多世纪以来,渤海的斑海豹数量减少了80%。尽管我国20世纪末已将斑海豹列为国家Ⅱ级保护野生动物,采取了建立自然保护区等一系列措施,但在海洋生态环境持续恶化的情况下,其数量仍不断减少。近年来,随着海洋环境的改善,斑海豹的数量有了明显回升。本文从海冰面积、鱼类资源以及水质污染等方面分析了渤海海洋环境的状况,探讨了斑海豹数量变化的原因。本文研究可为我国有关部门在制定渤海环境保护政策时提供参考。
The Bohai Sea is known as the only breeding ground for spotted seals along the coast of China. Many studies indicate that the population of seals has experienced a decrease of 80% as a consequence of sharp environment deterioration in the Bohai Sea over the past 50 years. Although the Chinese government has classified it as national Ⅱ class protected wildlife and created nature reserves to protect the spotted seals since the end of the 20th century, the number of spotted seals has been decreasing continually with the deteriorating of marine environment. With the improvement of the marine environment in recent years, the number of spotted seals in the Bohai Sea has rebounded significantly. This paper analyzed the conditions of marine environment in the Bohai Sea from the changing of the sea ice areas, fish resources amount, and water pollution, researched the adaptability characteristics of spotted seals in marine environment, and discussed the reasons for the change in the number of spotted seals. It can provide a reference for environmental policy making of the Bohai Sea.
The Bohai Sea is known as the only breeding ground for spotted seals along the coast of China. Many studies indicate that the population of seals has experienced a decrease of 80% as a consequence of sharp environment deterioration in the Bohai Sea over the past 50 years. Although the Chinese government has classified it as national Ⅱ class protected wildlife and created nature reserves to protect the spotted seals since the end of the 20th century, the number of spotted seals has been decreasing continually with the deteriorating of marine environment. With the improvement of the marine environment in recent years, the number of spotted seals in the Bohai Sea has rebounded significantly. This paper analyzed the conditions of marine environment in the Bohai Sea from the changing of the sea ice areas, fish resources amount, and water pollution, researched the adaptability characteristics of spotted seals in marine environment, and discussed the reasons for the change in the number of spotted seals. It can provide a reference for environmental policy making of the Bohai Sea.
引文
ADME Osterhaus,J Groen,FGCM Uytdehaag,1989.Distemper virus in Baikal seals.Nature,338(6212):209-210.
Bragg J R,Prince R C,Harner E J,et al,1994.Effectiveness of bioremediation for the Exxon Valdez oil spill.Nature,368(6470):413-418.
Cohen M J,1995.Technological disasters and natural resource damage assessment:an evaluation of the Exxon Valdez oil spill.Land Economics,71(1):65-82.
Hall A J,Law R J,Wells D E,et al,1992.Organochlorine levels in common seals(phoca vitulina)which were victims and survivors of the1988 phocinc distemper epizootic.Science of the Total Environment,115(1-2):145-162.
Han J B,Sun F Y,Gao XG,et al,2010.Low microsatellite variation in spotted seal(Phoca largha)shows a decrease in population size in the Liaodong Gulf colony.Annales Zoologici Fennici,47(1):15-27.
Lowry L F,Burkanov V N,Frost K J,et al,2000.Habitat use and habitat selection by spotted seals(Phoca largha)in the Bering Sea.Canadian Journal of Zoology,78(78):1959-1971.
Mizuno A W,Wada A,Ishinazaka T,et al,2002.Distribution and abundance of spotted seals Phoca largha and ribbon seals Phoca fasciata in the southern Sea of Okhotsk.Ecological Research,17(1):79-96.
Tong S Q,Song,N Q,Yan H K,et al,2014.Management measures and recommendations in improving the Bohai Sea environment over the last quarter century.Ocean&Coastal Management,91(2):80-87.
Trukhin A M,2003.Oceanographic and biological conditions affecting the winter distribution of the spotted seal(Phoca largha)in the Sea of Okhotsk.Oceanology,43(3):387-394.
Wang,D,Atkinson,S,Hoover-Miller A,et al,2007.Orgranochlorines in harbor seal(Phoca vitulina)tissues from the northern Gulf of Alaska.Environmental Pollution,146(1):268-280.
Won C,Yoo B H,2004.Abundance,seasonal haul-out patterns and conservation of spotted seals Phoca largha along the coast of Bak-ryoung Island,South Korea.ORYX,38(1):109-112.
董金海,沈峰,1991.辽东湾斑海豹历史种群数量的估计.海洋科学,15(3):26-31.
高萌,2017.船舶航运的噪声对周围环境的影响研究.中国水运,(1):58.
韩家波,鹿志创,田甲申,等.2013.基于卫星信标跟踪的斑海豹放流效果研究.兽类学报,33(4):300-307.
韩家波,王炜,马志强,2005.辽东湾北部双台子河口的斑海豹.海洋环境科学,24(1):51-53.
蒋卫忠,2007.锦州和营口港冬季冰期的航行与靠泊安全.航海技术,(2):11-12.
焦凤荣,2015.辽东湾斑海豹资源的保护与管理.中国水产,(4):5-38.
李绪兴,2006.赤潮及其对渔业的影响.水产科学,25(1):45-47.
廖国祥,代丽利,卢伟志,等,2016.基于随机情景模拟统计的海洋溢油污染风险分析---以滨州贝壳堤岛与湿地国家级自然保护区为例.海洋通报,35(4):467-479.
刘晓收,赵瑞,华尔,等,2014.莱州湾夏季大型底栖动物群落结构特征及其与历史资料的比较.海洋通报,33(3):283-292.
苏冠龙,许肖梅,2013.水下打桩和船舶噪声对斑海豹听觉影响的初步分析.应用海洋学学报,32(2):178-183.
孙维维,赵前,杨献朝,等,2012.辽东湾船舶溢油事故对斑海豹影响评价研究.中国水运,(1):39-41.
唐茂宁,刘煜,李宝辉,等,2012.渤海及黄海北部冰情长期变化趋势分析.海洋预报,29(2):45-49.
王丕烈,1985.西太平洋斑海豹在黄渤海的分布、生态和资源保护.海洋学报,7(2):205-211.
王丕烈,1988.渤海斑海豹的分布调查.水产科学,(4):7-11.
王丕烈,1993渤海斑海豹资源现状和保护.水产科学,(1):4-7.
王丕烈,韩家波,马志强,2008.黄渤海斑海豹种群现状调查.野生动物,29(1):29-31,39.
王召会,田甲申,王摆,等,2014.大连斑海豹国家级自然保护区动物体内石油烃污染状况.水产科学,33(4):245-248.
王者茂,1980.斑海豹的生殖和生长发育的研究.海洋湖沼通报,(4):76-83.
张国胜,顾晓晓,邢彬彬,等,2012.海洋环境噪声的分类及其对海洋动物的影响.大连海洋大学学报,27(1):89-94.
张继忠,1993.斑海豹(Pohcalagrah Pallas)的淡水饲养与繁殖研究.海洋湖沼通报,(1):71-77.
Bragg J R,Prince R C,Harner E J,et al,1994.Effectiveness of bioremediation for the Exxon Valdez oil spill.Nature,368(6470):413-418.
Cohen M J,1995.Technological disasters and natural resource damage assessment:an evaluation of the Exxon Valdez oil spill.Land Economics,71(1):65-82.
Hall A J,Law R J,Wells D E,et al,1992.Organochlorine levels in common seals(phoca vitulina)which were victims and survivors of the1988 phocinc distemper epizootic.Science of the Total Environment,115(1-2):145-162.
Han J B,Sun F Y,Gao XG,et al,2010.Low microsatellite variation in spotted seal(Phoca largha)shows a decrease in population size in the Liaodong Gulf colony.Annales Zoologici Fennici,47(1):15-27.
Lowry L F,Burkanov V N,Frost K J,et al,2000.Habitat use and habitat selection by spotted seals(Phoca largha)in the Bering Sea.Canadian Journal of Zoology,78(78):1959-1971.
Mizuno A W,Wada A,Ishinazaka T,et al,2002.Distribution and abundance of spotted seals Phoca largha and ribbon seals Phoca fasciata in the southern Sea of Okhotsk.Ecological Research,17(1):79-96.
Tong S Q,Song,N Q,Yan H K,et al,2014.Management measures and recommendations in improving the Bohai Sea environment over the last quarter century.Ocean&Coastal Management,91(2):80-87.
Trukhin A M,2003.Oceanographic and biological conditions affecting the winter distribution of the spotted seal(Phoca largha)in the Sea of Okhotsk.Oceanology,43(3):387-394.
Wang,D,Atkinson,S,Hoover-Miller A,et al,2007.Orgranochlorines in harbor seal(Phoca vitulina)tissues from the northern Gulf of Alaska.Environmental Pollution,146(1):268-280.
Won C,Yoo B H,2004.Abundance,seasonal haul-out patterns and conservation of spotted seals Phoca largha along the coast of Bak-ryoung Island,South Korea.ORYX,38(1):109-112.
董金海,沈峰,1991.辽东湾斑海豹历史种群数量的估计.海洋科学,15(3):26-31.
高萌,2017.船舶航运的噪声对周围环境的影响研究.中国水运,(1):58.
韩家波,鹿志创,田甲申,等.2013.基于卫星信标跟踪的斑海豹放流效果研究.兽类学报,33(4):300-307.
韩家波,王炜,马志强,2005.辽东湾北部双台子河口的斑海豹.海洋环境科学,24(1):51-53.
蒋卫忠,2007.锦州和营口港冬季冰期的航行与靠泊安全.航海技术,(2):11-12.
焦凤荣,2015.辽东湾斑海豹资源的保护与管理.中国水产,(4):5-38.
李绪兴,2006.赤潮及其对渔业的影响.水产科学,25(1):45-47.
廖国祥,代丽利,卢伟志,等,2016.基于随机情景模拟统计的海洋溢油污染风险分析---以滨州贝壳堤岛与湿地国家级自然保护区为例.海洋通报,35(4):467-479.
刘晓收,赵瑞,华尔,等,2014.莱州湾夏季大型底栖动物群落结构特征及其与历史资料的比较.海洋通报,33(3):283-292.
苏冠龙,许肖梅,2013.水下打桩和船舶噪声对斑海豹听觉影响的初步分析.应用海洋学学报,32(2):178-183.
孙维维,赵前,杨献朝,等,2012.辽东湾船舶溢油事故对斑海豹影响评价研究.中国水运,(1):39-41.
唐茂宁,刘煜,李宝辉,等,2012.渤海及黄海北部冰情长期变化趋势分析.海洋预报,29(2):45-49.
王丕烈,1985.西太平洋斑海豹在黄渤海的分布、生态和资源保护.海洋学报,7(2):205-211.
王丕烈,1988.渤海斑海豹的分布调查.水产科学,(4):7-11.
王丕烈,1993渤海斑海豹资源现状和保护.水产科学,(1):4-7.
王丕烈,韩家波,马志强,2008.黄渤海斑海豹种群现状调查.野生动物,29(1):29-31,39.
王召会,田甲申,王摆,等,2014.大连斑海豹国家级自然保护区动物体内石油烃污染状况.水产科学,33(4):245-248.
王者茂,1980.斑海豹的生殖和生长发育的研究.海洋湖沼通报,(4):76-83.
张国胜,顾晓晓,邢彬彬,等,2012.海洋环境噪声的分类及其对海洋动物的影响.大连海洋大学学报,27(1):89-94.
张继忠,1993.斑海豹(Pohcalagrah Pallas)的淡水饲养与繁殖研究.海洋湖沼通报,(1):71-77.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |