添加剂对污水污泥烧制陶粒轻骨料性能影响及其重金属毒性评价
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摘要
以污水污泥为原料,采用不同含量的添加剂以及烧结工艺制备轻骨料(LWA),对不同轻骨料进行工程特性测试,并通过建立污染物综合毒性指标(OPTI)评估其环境安全性能,从而得到最优添加量和烧结工况.结果表明,在添加剂含量为40%,烧结温度为1 200℃时,烧成的样品的容重在300～400 kg/m3之间;抗压强度达到10.46 MPa;吸水率仅为1.5%,机械性能优于GB/T1743.1—2010所规定标准.另一方面,Zn和Cu的重金属浸出浓度仅为360 mg/kg和55 mg/kg,低于限制值;重金属总体污染指数OPTI值仅为773.19.利用污泥与工业固废协同制备陶粒不仅环境危害性小,同时拥有良好的工程特性.
Sewage sludge was used as raw material to prepare lightweight aggregate(LWA)via sintering technology with different additive contents.The material properties of different LWAs were tested,and their environmental safety performances were evaluated by formulating an overall pollution toxicity index(OPTI)to obtain the optimal additive content and sintering conditions.When the additive content was 40% and the sintering temperature was 1 200 ℃,the mass density of LWA was 300—400 kg/m3,the compressive strength was 10.46 MPa,the water absorption rate was only 1.5%,and the material performance was better than the standard value specified in GB/T1743.1—2010.In addition,the leaching concentrations of Zn and Cu were only 360 mg/kg and 55 mg/kg,respectively,which were lower than the limit values. The OPTI of heavy metals was only 773.19.The LWA prepared using sewage sludge and industrial solid waste not only causes minimal harm to the environment but also has satisfying engineering properties.
Sewage sludge was used as raw material to prepare lightweight aggregate(LWA)via sintering technology with different additive contents.The material properties of different LWAs were tested,and their environmental safety performances were evaluated by formulating an overall pollution toxicity index(OPTI)to obtain the optimal additive content and sintering conditions.When the additive content was 40% and the sintering temperature was 1 200 ℃,the mass density of LWA was 300—400 kg/m3,the compressive strength was 10.46 MPa,the water absorption rate was only 1.5%,and the material performance was better than the standard value specified in GB/T1743.1—2010.In addition,the leaching concentrations of Zn and Cu were only 360 mg/kg and 55 mg/kg,respectively,which were lower than the limit values. The OPTI of heavy metals was only 773.19.The LWA prepared using sewage sludge and industrial solid waste not only causes minimal harm to the environment but also has satisfying engineering properties.
引文
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[20]Kabir Md Imran,Lee Hosik,Kim Geonha,et al.Correlation assessment and monitoring of the potential pollutants in the surface sediments of Pyeongchang River,Korea[J].International Journal of Sediment Research,2011,26(2):152-162.
[21]Bhuiyan M A,Parvez L,Islam M A,et al.Heavy metal pollution of coal mine-affected agricultural soils in the northern part of Bangladesh[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,173(1/2/3):384-392.
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[23]胡艳军,吴亚男,高涛,等.污泥热解中残焦表面官能团结构演化特征[J].燃烧科学与技术,2018,24(2):126-131.Hu Yanjun,Wu Ya’nan,Gao Tao,et al.Characteristics of surface functional groups structure of residues during sewage sludge pyrolysis[J].Journal of Combustion Science and Technology,2018,24(2):126-131(in Chinese).
[24]贾金青,胡玉龙,王东来,等.混凝土抗压强度与孔隙率关系的研究[J].混凝土,2015(10):56-59.Jia Jinqing,Hu Yulong,Wang Donglai,et al.Effects of porosity on the compressive strength of concrete[J].Concrete,2015(10):56-59(in Chinese).
[25]金宜英,杜欣,王志玉,等.采用污水厂污泥制陶粒的烧结工艺及配方研究[J].中国环境科学,2009,29(1):17-21.Jin Yiying,Du Xin,Wang Zhiyu,et al.Research on technology and batch formula of sintering municipal sewage sludge for manufacturing haydite[J].China Environmental Science,2009,29(1):17-21(in Chinese).
[26]Franus M,Bandura L.Sorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution by glauconite[J].Fresenius Environmental Bulletin,2014,23:825-839.
[27]Huang S C,Chang F C,Lo S L,et al.Production of lightweight aggregates from mining residues,heavy metal sludge,and incinerator fly ash[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,144:52-58.
[28]王兴润,金宜英,聂永丰,等.污泥烧结轻骨料调质影响研究[J].环境科学研究,2008,21(6):85-89.Wang Xingrun,Jin Yiying,Nie Yongfeng,et al.Effect research of additives on the sintering characteristics of lightweight aggregate made from sewage sludge[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2008,21(6):85-89(in Chinese).
[29]姚晓莉,易思阳,范利武,等.不同孔隙率下含湿加气混凝土的有效导热系数[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2015,49(6):1101-1107.Yao Xiaoli,Yi Siyang,Fan Liwu,et al.Effective thermal conductivity of moist aerated concrete with different porosities[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Engineering Science,2015,49(6):1101-1107(in Chinese).
[30]Liu J Y,Sun S Y.Total concentrations and different fractions of heavy metals in sewage sludge from Guangzhou,China[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2013,23(8):2397-2407.
[31]国家市场监督管理总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB 4284-2018农用污泥污染物控制标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2018.State Administration for Market Regulation,Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.GB 4284-2018 Control Standards of Pollutants in Sludge for Agricultural Use[S].Beijing:The Standards Press of China,2018(in Chinese).
[32]国家环境保护总局,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB3838-2002地表水环境质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.State Environmental Protection Administration of China,General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China.GB 3838-2002 Environmental quality standards for surface water[S].Beijing:The Standards Press of China,2002(in Chinese).
[2]Yan F,Jiang J,Tian S,et al.A green and facile synthesis of order mesoporous nanosilica using coal fly ash[J].ACS Sustainable Chemistry&Engineering,2016,4(9):4654-4661.
[3]侯封校,金晶,林郁郁,等.Fe2O3对污泥热解特性及部分NOx前驱物转化规律的影响[J].燃烧科学与技术,2017,23(1):90-95.Hou Fengxiao,Jin Jing,Lin Yuyu,et al.Influence of Fe2O3 on sludge pyrolysis characteristics and partialtransformation mechanisms of NOx precursors[J].Journal of Combustion Science and Technology,2017,23(1):90-95(in Chinese).
[4]李爱民,刘淑静,王伟云.大物料量污泥燃烧机理及表观动力学特性[J].燃烧科学与技术,2009,15(5):382-387.Li Aimin,Liu Shujing,Wang Weiyun.Combustion mechanism and apparent kinetic characteristics of massive sewage sludge sample[J].Journal of Combustion Science and Technology,2009,15(5):382-387(in Chinese).
[5]Kisku N,Joshi H,Ansari M,et al.A critical review and assessment for usage of recycled aggregate as sustainable construction material[J].Construction&Building Materials,2017,131:721-740.
[6]Gonzálezcorrochano B,Alonsoazcárate J,Rodas M.Characterization of lightweight aggregates manufactured from washing aggregate sludge and fly ash[J].Resources Conservation&Recycling,2009,53(10):571-581.
[7]王乐乐,王鼎宜,刘亚东,等.轻质污泥陶粒研制及其膨胀机理的探讨[J].混凝土,2013,282(4):40-43.Wang Lele,Wang Dingyi,Liu Yadong,et al.Preparation and expansion mechanism of light-weight sludge ceramsite[J].Concrete,2013,282(4):40-43(in Chinese).
[8]Nakouzi S,Mielewski D,Ball J,et al.A novel approach to paint sludge recycling:Reclaiming of paint sludge components as ceramic composites and their applications in reinforcement of metals and polymers[J].Journal of Materials Research,1998,13:53-60.
[9]朱斌,王海亮,陆在宏.给水厂脱水污泥烧结陶粒实验[J].给水排水,2005,31(2):35-36.Zhu Bin,Wang Hailiang,Lu Zaihong.Experiments on the sintering of dewatering sludge in water plant[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,2005,31(2):35-36(in Chinese).
[10]Bialowiec A,Janczukowicz W,Gusiatin Z M,et al.Recycling potential of air pollution control residue from sewage sludge thermal treatment as artificial lightweight aggregates[J].Waste Management&Research,2014,32(3):221-227.
[11]González-Corrochano B,Alonso-Azcárate J,Rodas M.Effect of prefiring and firing dwell times on the properties of artificial lightweight aggregates[J].Construction&Building Materials,2014,53(53):91-101.
[12]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 17431.1-2010轻集料及其实验方法第一部分:轻集料[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.GB/T 17431.1-2010 Lightweight Aggregates and Its Test Methods-Part 1:Lightweight Aggregates[S].Beijing:The Standards Press of China,2010(in Chinese).
[13]王中平,徐基璇.利用苏州河底泥制备陶粒[J].建筑材料学报,1999,2(2):176-181.Wang Zhongping,Xu Jixuan.The ceramic produced by the sediment of Suzhou river[J].Journal of Building Materials,1999,2(2):176-181(in Chinese).
[14]Han M C,Han D,Shin J K.Use of bottom ash and stone dust to make lightweight aggregate[J].Construction&Building Materials,2015,99:192-199.
[15]Riley C M.Relation of chemical properties to the bloating of clays[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,1951,34(4):121-128.
[16]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 17431.2-2010轻集料及其实验方法第二部分:轻集料实验方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.GB/T 17431.2-2010 Lightweight Aggregates and Its Test Methods-Part 2:Test Methods for Lightweight Aggregates[S].Beijing:The Standards Press of China,2010(in Chinese).
[17]Li R,Li Y,Yang T,et al.A new integrated evaluation method of heavy metals pollution control during melting and sintering of MSWI fly ash[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2015,289:197-203.
[18]Chen J S,Wei F S,Zheng C J,et al.Background concentrations of elements in soils of China[J].Water Air&Soil Pollution,1991,57(1):699-712.
[19]Nascimento M,Soares P S M,Souza V P D.Adsorption of heavy metal cations using coal fly ash modified by hydrothermal method[J].Fuel,2009,88(9):1714-1719.
[20]Kabir Md Imran,Lee Hosik,Kim Geonha,et al.Correlation assessment and monitoring of the potential pollutants in the surface sediments of Pyeongchang River,Korea[J].International Journal of Sediment Research,2011,26(2):152-162.
[21]Bhuiyan M A,Parvez L,Islam M A,et al.Heavy metal pollution of coal mine-affected agricultural soils in the northern part of Bangladesh[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,173(1/2/3):384-392.
[22]国家环境保护总局,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T 5085.3-2007危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.State Environmental Protection Administration of China,General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China.GB/T 5085.3-2007 Indentification Standards for Hazardous Wastes Identification for extraction Toxicity[S].Beijing:The Standards Press of China,2007(in Chinese).
[23]胡艳军,吴亚男,高涛,等.污泥热解中残焦表面官能团结构演化特征[J].燃烧科学与技术,2018,24(2):126-131.Hu Yanjun,Wu Ya’nan,Gao Tao,et al.Characteristics of surface functional groups structure of residues during sewage sludge pyrolysis[J].Journal of Combustion Science and Technology,2018,24(2):126-131(in Chinese).
[24]贾金青,胡玉龙,王东来,等.混凝土抗压强度与孔隙率关系的研究[J].混凝土,2015(10):56-59.Jia Jinqing,Hu Yulong,Wang Donglai,et al.Effects of porosity on the compressive strength of concrete[J].Concrete,2015(10):56-59(in Chinese).
[25]金宜英,杜欣,王志玉,等.采用污水厂污泥制陶粒的烧结工艺及配方研究[J].中国环境科学,2009,29(1):17-21.Jin Yiying,Du Xin,Wang Zhiyu,et al.Research on technology and batch formula of sintering municipal sewage sludge for manufacturing haydite[J].China Environmental Science,2009,29(1):17-21(in Chinese).
[26]Franus M,Bandura L.Sorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution by glauconite[J].Fresenius Environmental Bulletin,2014,23:825-839.
[27]Huang S C,Chang F C,Lo S L,et al.Production of lightweight aggregates from mining residues,heavy metal sludge,and incinerator fly ash[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,144:52-58.
[28]王兴润,金宜英,聂永丰,等.污泥烧结轻骨料调质影响研究[J].环境科学研究,2008,21(6):85-89.Wang Xingrun,Jin Yiying,Nie Yongfeng,et al.Effect research of additives on the sintering characteristics of lightweight aggregate made from sewage sludge[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2008,21(6):85-89(in Chinese).
[29]姚晓莉,易思阳,范利武,等.不同孔隙率下含湿加气混凝土的有效导热系数[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2015,49(6):1101-1107.Yao Xiaoli,Yi Siyang,Fan Liwu,et al.Effective thermal conductivity of moist aerated concrete with different porosities[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Engineering Science,2015,49(6):1101-1107(in Chinese).
[30]Liu J Y,Sun S Y.Total concentrations and different fractions of heavy metals in sewage sludge from Guangzhou,China[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2013,23(8):2397-2407.
[31]国家市场监督管理总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB 4284-2018农用污泥污染物控制标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2018.State Administration for Market Regulation,Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.GB 4284-2018 Control Standards of Pollutants in Sludge for Agricultural Use[S].Beijing:The Standards Press of China,2018(in Chinese).
[32]国家环境保护总局,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB3838-2002地表水环境质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.State Environmental Protection Administration of China,General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China.GB 3838-2002 Environmental quality standards for surface water[S].Beijing:The Standards Press of China,2002(in Chinese).
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