基于非结构网格三维有限元堤坝隐患时移特征分析
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摘要
土石堤坝的内部隐患是造成堤坝事故的主要因素,严重威胁到坝体的安全和稳定。由于堤坝隐患会随时间发生形态与尺寸的改变,表现出明显的电性结构变化,因此通过时移电阻率成像方法可以实现对土石堤坝的实时监测,进而达到堤坝隐患快速预警的目的。目前的时移电法堤坝隐患监测技术主要基于一维或二维介质模型,无法准确描述三维堤坝结构的时移电性变化特征,为此,基于高密度直流电阻率法探测理论,利用三维非结构有限元数值模拟正演方法,精细模拟典型堤坝隐患模型直流电场的时移变化特征,分析响应变化规律。数值模拟结果表明,时移监测结果对堤坝隐患变化趋势具有良好的反映,堤坝隐患尺寸、位置和形态的改变能够引起监测异常幅值和位置的规律性变化。本文的研究成果可为堤坝隐患时移监测异常识别和灾害预警提供理论指导。
The internal hidden danger of earth-rock dams is the main cause of dyke accidents,which seriously threatens the safety and stability of the dam. Since the hidden danger of the dam will change with the shape and size over time,it shows obvious electrical structural changes. Therefore,the real-time monitoring of the earth dam can be realized by the time-lapsing resistivity imaging method,so as to achieve the purpose of rapid warning of hidden dangers of the dam and avoid them in time. The damage is caused by hidden dangers.However,the current time-lapsing electric dam hidden danger monitoring technology is mainly based on one-dimensional or two-dimensional medium model,which cannot accurately describe the time-lapse electrical characteristics of three-dimensional dam structure. For this reason,based on high-density DC resistivity detection theory,the authors used the three-dimensional non-structural finite element numerical simulation forward modeling method to simulate the time-lapse variation characteristics of the DC electric field in a typical dam hidden danger model and analyzed the response change law. The results of time-shift monitoring have a good reflection of the trend of hidden dangers of dams. The changes in the size,location and shape of dams can cause regular changes in the amplitude and location of the monitoring. The research results of this paper can provide theoretical guidance for the anomaly identification and disaster warning of time-lapse monitoring of dams.
The internal hidden danger of earth-rock dams is the main cause of dyke accidents,which seriously threatens the safety and stability of the dam. Since the hidden danger of the dam will change with the shape and size over time,it shows obvious electrical structural changes. Therefore,the real-time monitoring of the earth dam can be realized by the time-lapsing resistivity imaging method,so as to achieve the purpose of rapid warning of hidden dangers of the dam and avoid them in time. The damage is caused by hidden dangers.However,the current time-lapsing electric dam hidden danger monitoring technology is mainly based on one-dimensional or two-dimensional medium model,which cannot accurately describe the time-lapse electrical characteristics of three-dimensional dam structure. For this reason,based on high-density DC resistivity detection theory,the authors used the three-dimensional non-structural finite element numerical simulation forward modeling method to simulate the time-lapse variation characteristics of the DC electric field in a typical dam hidden danger model and analyzed the response change law. The results of time-shift monitoring have a good reflection of the trend of hidden dangers of dams. The changes in the size,location and shape of dams can cause regular changes in the amplitude and location of the monitoring. The research results of this paper can provide theoretical guidance for the anomaly identification and disaster warning of time-lapse monitoring of dams.
引文
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[13]赵晓博,朱自强,李建慧,等.基于非结构化网格的瞬变电磁2.5维有限元正演模拟[J].物探化探计算技术,2011,33(5):517-521+463.Zhao X B,Zhu Z Q,Li J H,et al.Finite element modeling of 2.5Dtem using unstructured meshes[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2011,33(5):517-521+463.
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[15]王亚璐,底青云,王若.三维CSAMT法非结构化网格有限元数值模拟[J].地球物理学报,2017,60(3):1158-1167.Wang Y L,Di Q Y,Wang R.Tree-dimensional modeling of controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotellurics using the finite element method on an unstructured grid[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2017,60(3):1158-1167.
[16]杨军,刘颖,吴小平.海洋可控源电磁三维非结构矢量有限元数值模拟[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(8):2827-2838.Yang J,Liu Y,Wu X P.3D Simulation of Marine CSEM Using vector finite element method on unstructured grids[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2015,58(8):2827-2838.
[17]徐世浙.地球物理中的有限单元法[M].北京:科学出版社,1994.Xu S Z.Finite element method in geophysics[M].Beijing:Science Press,1994.
[18]任政勇,汤井田.基于局部加密非结构化网格的三维电阻率法有限元数值模拟[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(10):2627-2634.Ren Z Y,Tang J T.Finite element modeling of 3-D DC resistivity using locally refined unstruetured meshes[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(10):2627-2634.
[19]王兴泰.高密度电阻率法及其应用技术研究[J].长春地质学院学报,1991,17(3):341-348.Wang X T.High density measurement method of electrical resistivity and its application technics[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),1991,17(3):341-348.
[20]孙礼钊,郑琳,包伟力.高密度电阻率法在某水库南堤渗漏探测中的应用研究[J].工程地球物理学报,2016,13(5):574-579.Sun L Z,Zheng L,Bao W L.The application of high-density resistivity method to leakage detection in Nan Dam of one reservoir[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2016,13(5):574-579.
[2]王传雷,董浩斌,刘占永.物探技术在监测堤坝隐患上的应用[J].物探与化探,2001,25(4):294-299.Wang C L,Dong H B,Liu Z Y.An investigation into the monitoring and forewarning technique for dyke ridden trouble under the condition of high water level[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2001,25(4):294-299
[3]张辉,杨天春.堤坝隐患无损探测研究应用进展[J].大坝与安全,2013(1):29-34.Zhang H,Yang T C.Review of non-destructive detection for hidden defects of dams[J].Dam and Safety,2013(1):29-34.
[4]底青云,王妙月,严寿民,等.高密度电阻率法在珠海某防波堤工程中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,1997,12(2):79-88.Di Q Y,Wang M Y,Yan S M,et al.The application of the high density resistivity method for the seawave-proof dam in ZhuhaiHarbour[J].Progress in Geophysics,1997,12(2):79-88.
[5]徐海峰,窦丹丹,李卓,等.霍林河水库渗漏探测试验研究[J].三峡大学学报:自然科学版,2014,36(6):10-14.Xu H F,Dou D D,Li Z,et al.Experimental study of seepage of Huolin river reservior[J].Journal of China Three Gorges University:Natural Sciences,2014,36(6):10-14.
[6]李军,马新龙.高密度电法在水库大坝塌陷勘测中的应用[J].工程勘察,2010,38(1):89-94.Li J,Ma X L.The application of high-density electrical method to the collapse-surveying on the dam[J].Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2010,38(1):89-94.
[7]Slater L D,Sandberg S K.Resistivity and induced polarization monitoring of salt transport under natural Hydraulic gradients[J].Geophysics,2000,65(2):408-420.
[8]Arora T,Ahmed S.Characterization of recharge through complex vadose zone of a granitic aquifer by time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2011,73(1):35-44.
[9]Travelletti J,Sailhac P,Malet J P,et al.Hydrological response of weathered clay-shale slopes:water infiltration monitoring with time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography[J].Hydrological processes,2012,26(14):2106-2119.
[10]李飞,程久龙,陈绍杰,等.基于时移高密度电法的覆岩精细探测方法研究[J].矿业科学学报,2019,4(1):1-7.Li F,Chong J L,Chen S J,et al.Fine detection of overburden strata based on time lapse high density resistivity method[J].Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2019,4(1):1-7.
[11]Sj9dahl P,Dahlin T,Johansson S.Using resistivity measurements for dam safety evaluation at Enemossen tailings dam in southern Sweden[J].Environmental Geology,2005,49(2):267-273.
[12]Boleve A,Janod F,Revil A,et al.Localization and quantification of leakages in dams using time-lapse self-potential measurements associated with salt tracer injection[J].Journal of Hydrology,2011,403(3-4):242-252.
[13]赵晓博,朱自强,李建慧,等.基于非结构化网格的瞬变电磁2.5维有限元正演模拟[J].物探化探计算技术,2011,33(5):517-521+463.Zhao X B,Zhu Z Q,Li J H,et al.Finite element modeling of 2.5Dtem using unstructured meshes[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2011,33(5):517-521+463.
[14]李勇,林品荣,徐宝利,等.复杂地形三维直流电阻率有限元数值模拟[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(3):1039-1046.Li Y,Lin P R,Xu B L,et al.FEM numerical modeling of 3-D DCresistivity under complicated terrain[J].Progress in Geophys,2009,24(3):1039-1046.
[15]王亚璐,底青云,王若.三维CSAMT法非结构化网格有限元数值模拟[J].地球物理学报,2017,60(3):1158-1167.Wang Y L,Di Q Y,Wang R.Tree-dimensional modeling of controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotellurics using the finite element method on an unstructured grid[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2017,60(3):1158-1167.
[16]杨军,刘颖,吴小平.海洋可控源电磁三维非结构矢量有限元数值模拟[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(8):2827-2838.Yang J,Liu Y,Wu X P.3D Simulation of Marine CSEM Using vector finite element method on unstructured grids[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2015,58(8):2827-2838.
[17]徐世浙.地球物理中的有限单元法[M].北京:科学出版社,1994.Xu S Z.Finite element method in geophysics[M].Beijing:Science Press,1994.
[18]任政勇,汤井田.基于局部加密非结构化网格的三维电阻率法有限元数值模拟[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(10):2627-2634.Ren Z Y,Tang J T.Finite element modeling of 3-D DC resistivity using locally refined unstruetured meshes[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(10):2627-2634.
[19]王兴泰.高密度电阻率法及其应用技术研究[J].长春地质学院学报,1991,17(3):341-348.Wang X T.High density measurement method of electrical resistivity and its application technics[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),1991,17(3):341-348.
[20]孙礼钊,郑琳,包伟力.高密度电阻率法在某水库南堤渗漏探测中的应用研究[J].工程地球物理学报,2016,13(5):574-579.Sun L Z,Zheng L,Bao W L.The application of high-density resistivity method to leakage detection in Nan Dam of one reservoir[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2016,13(5):574-579.
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