安置区移民生态意识会影响其生态行为吗?——来自宁夏的证据
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摘要
生态移民是自然环境恶劣地区贫困人口解决贫困的有效途径之一。这些移民在安置区是否培育了足够的生态意识,这些生态意识能否引导他们实施生态行为是值得深入的问题。文中在国内外文献回顾的基础上,以宁夏生态移民迁入区486个移民作为研究对象,以"态度-意向-行为"计划行为理论为基础,选取移民生态意识、生态意向、私人和公共领域生态行为、个人特征变量四类变量,运用结构方程模型,研究生态意识与生态行为之间的定量关系。以上研究发现为政府采取有效措施提升移民生态意识,转化为生态行为提供了理论和政策启示。
Ecological migration is maybe an effective way for antipoverty, especially in those ecological fragile rural areas. So, it is very important for those migrants to improve their ecological awareness and ecological behaviors. Taking 486 immigrants in resettlement areas in Ningxia province as an example, on the basis of classical theory of "Attitude-Intension-Behavior", by the means of Structural Equation Model, four kinds of variables such as ecological awareness, ecological intension, private and public ecological behavior and personal characteristic variables were selected to study the empirical relationship between ecological awareness and behavior. These findings provide theoretical and policy implications for the government to take effective measures to enhance the ecological awareness of migrants and transform them into ecological behavior.
Ecological migration is maybe an effective way for antipoverty, especially in those ecological fragile rural areas. So, it is very important for those migrants to improve their ecological awareness and ecological behaviors. Taking 486 immigrants in resettlement areas in Ningxia province as an example, on the basis of classical theory of "Attitude-Intension-Behavior", by the means of Structural Equation Model, four kinds of variables such as ecological awareness, ecological intension, private and public ecological behavior and personal characteristic variables were selected to study the empirical relationship between ecological awareness and behavior. These findings provide theoretical and policy implications for the government to take effective measures to enhance the ecological awareness of migrants and transform them into ecological behavior.
引文
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(1)一般情况下,χ2值会随着样本数和模型复杂程度的增加而变大,越小越好,χ2/DF的值要求在1-3之间,可适当放宽5,越接近1代表模型拟合越好;通常选定显著性水平为0.05,要求p>0.05(原假设是模型完全拟合样本数据,故要接受原假设);RMSEA(近似误差均方根),Mplus计算RMSEA90%的置信区间,和单侧检验的显著性,不显著的结果提示支持研究模型,McDonald&Ho推荐<0.08为可接受的模型。CFI(比较拟合指数,>0.90为可接受的标准,>0.95为标准)和TLI(非规范拟合指数,>0.90为可接受的标准,>0.95拟合较好)(Hu&Bentler[16])。
[2]Hungerford H R,Peyton A N,Tomera R A,et al.Investigating and Evaluating Environmental Issues and Actions Skill Development Modules[M].Illinois:Stipes Publishing Company,1985.
[3]Grob A.A structure model of environmental attitudes and behavior[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,1995,15(3):209-220.
[4]Arbuthnot J,Lingg S.A comparison of French and American environmental behaviors,knowledge,and attitudes[J].International Journal of Psychology,1975,10(4):275-281.
[5]Guagnano G A,Stern P C.,Dietz T.Influences on attitude-behavior relationships:A natural experiment with curbside recycling[J].Environment and Behavior,1995,27(5):699-718.
[6]Dunlap R E,Van Liere K D.The "new environmental paradigm"[J].The Journal of Environmental Education,2008,40(1):19-28.
[7]Scott D,Willits F K.Environmental attitudes and behavior:A Pennsylvania survey[J].Environment Arid Behavior,1994,26(2):239-260.
[8]Hines J M,Hungerford H K,Tomera A N.Analysis and synthesis of research on responsible environmental behavior:a meta-analysis[J].The Journal of Environmental Education,1986,18(2):1-8.
[9]王迎.正确理解生态文明内涵推进生态文明建设[J].林业经济,2013(4):45-47.
[10]刘海霞,宋秀葵.生态意识:生态文明建设的动力系统[J].山东青年政治学院学报,2014(1):51-55.
[11]李贵德,罗剑朝.西部生态重建中农民生态行为初步分析[J].生态经济(学术版),2007(1):309-311.
[12]Kaiser F G,Hartig T.Ecological behavior,environmental attitude and feelings of responsibility for the environment[J].Ecological Behavior,1999,4(2):59-74.
[13]Ajzen I.The theory of planned behavior[J].Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,1991,50(2):179-211.
[14]Yu C.Evaluating cutoff criteria of model fit indices for latent variable models with binary and continuous outcomes[D].Los Angeles :University of California,2002.
[15]Muthen L K,Muthen B O..Mplus User’s Guide[M].Los Angeles:Muthen & Muthen,1998-2010.
[16]Hu L,Bentler P M.Cutoff criteria for fit indices in covariance structure analysis:Conventional criteria versus new alternatives[J].Structural Equation Modeling,1999,6(1):1-55.
(1)一般情况下,χ2值会随着样本数和模型复杂程度的增加而变大,越小越好,χ2/DF的值要求在1-3之间,可适当放宽5,越接近1代表模型拟合越好;通常选定显著性水平为0.05,要求p>0.05(原假设是模型完全拟合样本数据,故要接受原假设);RMSEA(近似误差均方根),Mplus计算RMSEA90%的置信区间,和单侧检验的显著性,不显著的结果提示支持研究模型,McDonald&Ho推荐<0.08为可接受的模型。CFI(比较拟合指数,>0.90为可接受的标准,>0.95为标准)和TLI(非规范拟合指数,>0.90为可接受的标准,>0.95拟合较好)(Hu&Bentler[16])。