不同类型地震波作用下堆积体边坡动力响应及失稳特征研究
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摘要
准确理解地震作用下堆积体边坡的动力响应及失稳特征,可以为边坡抗震设计及稳定性分析方法提供依据。为了探讨不同类型地震荷载作用下堆积体边坡的失稳特征及动力响应,该文开展室内振动台模型试验。分析不同加载波形条件下边坡失稳特征以及加速度放大系数随相对高程、无量纲加速度幅值和频率参数的变化规律。探讨堆积体边坡的典型失稳特征和相关的物理机制。结果表明,正弦波作用下堆积体边坡加速度放大系数沿相对高程增长而变化较小;汶川清平波和El-Centro波作用下边坡加速度放大系数沿边坡相对高程呈较明显增大趋势。无量纲参数对放大系数影响较弱。当振动荷载达到边坡破坏的临界荷载时,边坡在短时间内即出现失稳破坏,破坏具有突发性,失稳模式具有典型的震裂-溃散型滑坡模式。在地震动力荷载作用下边坡位移变形可分为两个典型阶段:微变形阶段和急速上升大变形阶段。就该文3种波而言,在相同波峰幅值条件下,相同持续时间内正弦波所携带的总能量最大,最易使边坡失稳。
Understanding exactly failure characteristic and dynamic response of accumulation slope composed of gravelly soil under action of seismic loading can provide theory guideline for anti-earthquake design of slope. In order to investigate failure characteristic and dynamic response of accumulation slope composed of gravelly soil under action of seismic loading, the laboratory shaking table test is conducted in this paper. The variation of the amplification factor of acceleration with relative elevation, dimensionless amplitude of acceleration and frequency parameter are analyzed under different type of loading wave. The typical failure characteristic of slope and the corresponding physical mechanism are discussed. Experimental results show that the amplification factor of acceleration induced by Sine wave varies little with the increase of relative elevation, and those by El-Centro wave and Wenchuan Qingping wave have a distinctly increasing trend along the increasing relative elevation. The dimensionless parameter has a slight influence on the amplification factor of acceleration at the condition of this paper. When the vibration load is up to the critical load which will destroy the slope, the accumulation slope composed of gravelly soil will be in failure quickly. The failure of slope has abruptness and the typical failure mode of shatter-collapse. The deflection of slope can be divided into two typical phases: slight deflection phase and intensely increase and large deflection phase. For the three types of wave adopted in this paper, the whole energy carried by Sine wave is the largest at the condition of same peak of wave amplitude, which can easily lead to slope failure.
Understanding exactly failure characteristic and dynamic response of accumulation slope composed of gravelly soil under action of seismic loading can provide theory guideline for anti-earthquake design of slope. In order to investigate failure characteristic and dynamic response of accumulation slope composed of gravelly soil under action of seismic loading, the laboratory shaking table test is conducted in this paper. The variation of the amplification factor of acceleration with relative elevation, dimensionless amplitude of acceleration and frequency parameter are analyzed under different type of loading wave. The typical failure characteristic of slope and the corresponding physical mechanism are discussed. Experimental results show that the amplification factor of acceleration induced by Sine wave varies little with the increase of relative elevation, and those by El-Centro wave and Wenchuan Qingping wave have a distinctly increasing trend along the increasing relative elevation. The dimensionless parameter has a slight influence on the amplification factor of acceleration at the condition of this paper. When the vibration load is up to the critical load which will destroy the slope, the accumulation slope composed of gravelly soil will be in failure quickly. The failure of slope has abruptness and the typical failure mode of shatter-collapse. The deflection of slope can be divided into two typical phases: slight deflection phase and intensely increase and large deflection phase. For the three types of wave adopted in this paper, the whole energy carried by Sine wave is the largest at the condition of same peak of wave amplitude, which can easily lead to slope failure.
引文
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[9]陈新民,沈建,魏平,等.下蜀土边坡地震稳定性的大型振动台试验研究(II)-试验结果及分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2010,30(6):587-594(Chen Xinmin,Shen Jian,Wei Ping,et al.Large-scale shanking table test of seistmic stability of Xiashu Loess slope:analysis of test results(2)[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2010,30(6):587-594(in Chinese))
[10]董金玉,杨国香,伍法权,等.地震作用下顺层岩质边坡动力响应和破坏模式大型振动台试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(10):2977-2982(Dong Jinyu,Yang Guoxiang,Wu Faquan,et al.The large-scale shaking table test study of dynamic response and failure mode of bedding rock slope under earthquake[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(10):2977-2982(in Chinese))
[11]李振生,巨能攀,侯伟龙,等.陡倾层状岩质边坡动力响应大型振动台模型试验研究[J]。工程地质学报,2012,20(2):242-247(Li Zhensheng,Ju Nengpan,Hou Weilong,et al.Large-scale shaking table model tests for dynamic response of steep stratified rock slopes[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2012,20(2):242-247(in Chinese))
[12]杨国香,伍法权,董金玉,等.地震作用下岩质边坡动力响应特性及变性破坏机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(4):696-702(Yang Guoxiang,Wu Faquan,Dong Jinyu,et al.Study of dynamic response characters and failure mechanism of rock slope under earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(4):696-702(in Chinese))
[13]范刚,张建经,付晓,等.双排桩加预应力锚索加固边坡锚索轴力地震响应特性研究[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(6):1095-1103(Fan Gang,Zhang Jianjing,Fu Xiao,et al.Axial force of anchor cables in slope reinforced by double-row anti-slilde piles and pre-stressed anchor cables[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(6):1095-1103(in Chinese))
[14]陈新民,沈建,魏平,等.下蜀土边坡地震稳定性的大型振动台试验研究(I)-模型试验设计[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2010,30(5):497-502(Chen Xinmin,Shen Jian,Wei Ping,et al.Large-scale shanking table test of seistmic stability of Xiashu Loess slope:design of model test(1)[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2010,30(5):497-502(in Chinese))
[2]宋胜武.汶川大地震工程震害调查分析与研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2009(Song Shengwu.Investigation analysis and research on Engineering harzads in Wenchuan Earthquake[M].Beijing:Science press,2009(in Chinese))
[3]李秀珍,孔纪名.“5.12”汶川地震诱发典型滑坡的类型和特征[J].山地学报,2011,29(5):598-607(Li Xiuzhen,Kong Jiming.Types and characteristics of typical landslides triggered by“5.12”Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2011,29(5):598-607(in Chinese))
[4]孙志亮,孔令伟,郭爱国,等.地震作用下堆积体边坡的坡面变形与失稳机制[J].岩土力学,2015,36(12):3465-3472(Sun Zhiliang,Kong Lingwei,Guo Aiguo,et al.Surface deformations and failure mechanisms of deposit slope under seismic excitation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(12):3465-3472(in Chinese))
[5]刘婧雯,黄博,邓辉,等.地震作用下堆积体边坡振动台模型试验及抛出现象分析[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(2):307-311(Liu Jingwen,Huang Bo,Deng Hui,et al.Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(2):307-311(in Chinese))
[6]Wartman J,Seed R B,Bray J D.Shaking table modeling of seismically induced deformations in slopes[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2005,131(5):610-622
[7]徐光兴,姚令侃,高召宁,等.边坡动力特性与动力响应的大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):24-632(Xu Guangxing,Yao Lingkan,Gao Zhaoning,et al.Large-scale shaking table model test study on dynamic characteristics and dynamic responses of slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(3):624-632(in Chinese))
[8]Lin M L,Wang K L.Seismic slope behavior in a large-scale shaking table model test[J].Engineering Geology,2006,86(2):118-133
[9]陈新民,沈建,魏平,等.下蜀土边坡地震稳定性的大型振动台试验研究(II)-试验结果及分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2010,30(6):587-594(Chen Xinmin,Shen Jian,Wei Ping,et al.Large-scale shanking table test of seistmic stability of Xiashu Loess slope:analysis of test results(2)[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2010,30(6):587-594(in Chinese))
[10]董金玉,杨国香,伍法权,等.地震作用下顺层岩质边坡动力响应和破坏模式大型振动台试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(10):2977-2982(Dong Jinyu,Yang Guoxiang,Wu Faquan,et al.The large-scale shaking table test study of dynamic response and failure mode of bedding rock slope under earthquake[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(10):2977-2982(in Chinese))
[11]李振生,巨能攀,侯伟龙,等.陡倾层状岩质边坡动力响应大型振动台模型试验研究[J]。工程地质学报,2012,20(2):242-247(Li Zhensheng,Ju Nengpan,Hou Weilong,et al.Large-scale shaking table model tests for dynamic response of steep stratified rock slopes[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2012,20(2):242-247(in Chinese))
[12]杨国香,伍法权,董金玉,等.地震作用下岩质边坡动力响应特性及变性破坏机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(4):696-702(Yang Guoxiang,Wu Faquan,Dong Jinyu,et al.Study of dynamic response characters and failure mechanism of rock slope under earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(4):696-702(in Chinese))
[13]范刚,张建经,付晓,等.双排桩加预应力锚索加固边坡锚索轴力地震响应特性研究[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(6):1095-1103(Fan Gang,Zhang Jianjing,Fu Xiao,et al.Axial force of anchor cables in slope reinforced by double-row anti-slilde piles and pre-stressed anchor cables[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(6):1095-1103(in Chinese))
[14]陈新民,沈建,魏平,等.下蜀土边坡地震稳定性的大型振动台试验研究(I)-模型试验设计[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2010,30(5):497-502(Chen Xinmin,Shen Jian,Wei Ping,et al.Large-scale shanking table test of seistmic stability of Xiashu Loess slope:design of model test(1)[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2010,30(5):497-502(in Chinese))
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