牛蹄塘组与龙马溪组页岩细观结构特征研究
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摘要
我国页岩气储量居世界首位,随着能源的日益紧缺,页岩气开采日渐迫切。页岩内部的孔隙、裂隙结构不仅是页岩气的储存空间,更是影响页岩气产出的关键因素。针对湖南牛蹄塘组和四川龙马溪组页岩样品进行了细观观察,分析了两组页岩的层理、裂隙及孔隙特征,统计了两组页岩的孔隙尺寸及分布特征。实验结果表明:牛蹄塘组页岩层理特征更为明显,沿层理发育有少量大孔;龙马溪组页岩层理特征不明显,层理多发育小孔;牛蹄塘组页岩主要发育黏土矿物粒间孔和不同矿物粒间孔,龙马溪组页岩中主要发育不同矿物粒间孔;两组页岩内主导孔隙均为小孔孔隙,与龙马溪组页岩相比,牛蹄塘组页岩直径小于16μm与直径大于100μm的孔隙出现的频率较高,而直径16～100μm之间的孔隙出现频率较低。
The reserves of Chinese shale gas rank the first in the world.With the increasing shortage of energy,shale gas development is getting particularly urgent.The pores and fractures in shale are not only the storage space of shale gas,but also key factors affecting the extraction of shale gas.Shale samples of the Niutitang formation and the Longmaxi formation collected from Hunan province and Sichuan province were observed through optical microscope.The characteristics of beddings,fractures and pores in the shale samples were analyzed,and the size and distribution features of pores in the samples were recorded.According to the experimental results,beddings of the Niutitang formation shale are more obvious than the Longmaxi formation shale.A few macropores along the beddings of the Niutitang formation shale were observed,while some micropores can be found along the beddings of the Longmaxi formation shale.Intergranular pores of clay minerals and the intergranular pores are the dominant pores in the Niutitang formation shale,while intergranular pores of different minerals are prevailing in the Longmaxi formation shale.Micropores dominate in samples of both formations.The frequency of pores with diameter less than16μm and more than 100μm in the Niutitang formation shale is higher than that in the Longmaxi formation shale.The frequency of pores with diameter between 16μm and 100μm in the Niutitang formation shale is lower than that in the Longmaxi formation shale.
The reserves of Chinese shale gas rank the first in the world.With the increasing shortage of energy,shale gas development is getting particularly urgent.The pores and fractures in shale are not only the storage space of shale gas,but also key factors affecting the extraction of shale gas.Shale samples of the Niutitang formation and the Longmaxi formation collected from Hunan province and Sichuan province were observed through optical microscope.The characteristics of beddings,fractures and pores in the shale samples were analyzed,and the size and distribution features of pores in the samples were recorded.According to the experimental results,beddings of the Niutitang formation shale are more obvious than the Longmaxi formation shale.A few macropores along the beddings of the Niutitang formation shale were observed,while some micropores can be found along the beddings of the Longmaxi formation shale.Intergranular pores of clay minerals and the intergranular pores are the dominant pores in the Niutitang formation shale,while intergranular pores of different minerals are prevailing in the Longmaxi formation shale.Micropores dominate in samples of both formations.The frequency of pores with diameter less than16μm and more than 100μm in the Niutitang formation shale is higher than that in the Longmaxi formation shale.The frequency of pores with diameter between 16μm and 100μm in the Niutitang formation shale is lower than that in the Longmaxi formation shale.
引文
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[16]杨潇,姜振学,宋岩,等.渝东南牛蹄塘组与龙马溪组高演化海相页岩全孔径孔隙结构特征对比研究[J].高校地质学报,2016,22(2):368-377.YANG Xiao,JIANG Zhenxue,SONG Yan,et al.A comparative study on whole-aperture pore structure characteristics between Niutitang and Longmaxi formation of high-matruity marine shales in Southeastern Chongqingelt[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2016,22(2):368-377.
[17]文继祖,胡阳田,谢睿,等.湘西北页岩气牛蹄塘组和龙马溪组成藏特征对比[J].国土资源导刊,2016,13(1):1-7.WEN Jizu,HU Yangtian,XIE Rui,et al.Reservoir forming characteristics contrast between Niutitang formation and Longmaxi formation of shale gas in northwestern Hunan[J].Land&Resources Herald,2016,13(1):1-7.
[18]肖正辉,杨荣丰,冯涛,等.湘西北下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩气成藏条件及其勘探潜力分析[J].湖南科技大学学报:自然科学版,2012,27(1):50-54.XIAO Zhenghui,YANG Rongfeng,FENG Tao,et al.Reservoir-forming conditions and exploration potential of shale gas in Lower Cambrian Niutitang formation,northwestern Hunan[J].Journal of Hunan University of Science&Technology:Natural Science Edition,2012,27(1):50-54.
[19]肖正辉,王朝晖,杨荣丰,等.湘西北下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩气储集条件研究[J].地质学报,2013,87(10):1612-1623.XIAO Zhenghui,WANG Zhaohui,YANG Rongfeng,et al.Reservoir conditions of shale gas in the lower cambrian Niutitang formation,northwestern Hunan[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2013,87(10):1612-1623.
[20]邓翼,杨荣丰,肖正辉,等.张家界地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组沉积特征与页岩气成藏研究[J].西部探矿工程,2013,25(12):119-122.DENG Yi,YANG Rongfeng,XIAO Zhenghui,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and shale gas accumulation of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang formation in Zhangjiajie area[J].Westchina Exploration Engineering,2013,25(12):119-122.
[21]赵建华,金之钧,金振奎,等.四川盆地五峰组-龙马溪组页岩岩相类型与沉积环境[J].石油学报,2016,37(5):572-586.ZHAO Jianhua,JIN Zhijun,JIN Zhenkui,et al.Lithofacies types and sedimentary environment of shale in Wufeng-Longmaxi formation,Sichuan basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(5):572-586.
[22]刘树根,邓宾,钟勇,等.四川盆地及周缘下古生界页岩气深埋藏-强改造独特地质作用[J].地学前缘,2016,23(1):11-28.LIU Shugen,DENG Bin,ZHONG Yong,et al.Unique geological features of burial and superimposition of the Lower Paleozoic shale gas across the Sichuan basin and its periphery[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(1):11-28.
[23]蒲泊伶,蒋有录,王毅,等.四川盆地下志留统龙马溪组页岩气成藏条件及有利地区分析[J].石油学报,2010,31(2):225-230.PU Boling,JIANG Youlu,WANG Yi,et al.Reservoir-forming conditions and favorable exploration zones of shale gas in Lower Silurian Longmaxi formation of Sichuan basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(2):225-230.
[24]林拓,张金川,李博,等.湘西北常页1井下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩气聚集条件及含气特征[J].石油学报,2014,35(5):839-846.LIN Tuo,ZHANG Jinchuan,LI Bo,et al.Shale gas accumulation conditions and gas-bearing properties of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang formationin well Changye 1,northwestern Hunan[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(5):839-846.
[2]张东晓,杨婷云.页岩气开发综述[J].石油学报,2013,34(4):792-801.ZHANG Dongxiao,YANG Tingyun.An overview of shalegas production[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(4):792-801.
[3]刘德华,肖佳林,关富佳.页岩气开发技术现状及研究方向[J].石油天然气学报,2011,33(1):119-123.LIU Dehua,XIAO Jialin,GUAN Fujia.Current status and research direction of shale gas development technology[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2011,33(1):119-123.
[4]聂海宽,张金川.页岩气储层类型和特征研究———以四川盆地及其周缘下古生界为例[J].石油实验地质,2011,33(3):219-225.NIE Haikuan,ZHANG Jinchuan.Types and characteristics of shale gas reservoir:a case study of Lower Paleozoic in and around Sichuan basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2011,33(3):219-225.
[5]马东旭,朱维耀,张燎原.页岩储层微观结构及气体渗流特征[C]∥北京力学会第20届学术年会论文集.2014.
[6]赵迪斐,贺明康,张闯辉,等.页岩储层孔隙特征与结构的观察研究[J].电子显微学报,2015,34(2):99-104.ZHAO Difei,HE Mingkang,ZHANG Chuanghui,et al.Observation of pores'characteristics and structure in shale reservoir[J].Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society,2015,34(2):99-104.
[7]吴春燕,程玉群,沈英,等.延长陆相页岩微观孔隙结构分析[J].非常规油气,2016,3(3):21-26.WU Chunyan,CHENG Yuqun,SHEN Ying,et al.Analysis of microscopic pore structures in Yanchang continental shale[J].Unconventonal Oil&Gas.2016,3(3):21-26.
[8]伍岳,樊太亮,蒋恕,等.海相页岩储层微观孔隙体系表征技术及分类方案[J].地质科技情报,2014,33(4):91-97.WU Yue,FAN Tailiang,JIANG Shu,et al.Characterizing techniques and classification methods for microscope pore system in marine shale reservoir[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2014,33(4):91-97.
[9]管全中,董大忠,王淑芳,等.海相和陆相页岩储层微观结构差异性分析[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(3):524-531.GUAN Quanzhong,DONG Dazhong,WANG Shufang et al.Analyses on differences of microstructure between marine and lacustrine facies shale reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(3):524-531.
[10]王香增,张丽霞,李宗田,等.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组陆相页岩孔隙类型划分方案及其油气地质意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(1):1-7.WANG Xiangzeng,ZHANG Lixia,LI Zongtian,et al.Pore type classification scheme for continental Yanchang shale in Ordos basin and its geological significance[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(1):1-7.
[11]杨超,张金川,唐玄.鄂尔多斯盆地陆相页岩微观孔隙类型及对页岩气储渗的影响[J].地学前缘,2013,20(4):240-250.YANG Chao,ZHANG Jinchuan,TANG Xuan,Microscopic pore types and its impact on the storage and permeability of continental shale gas[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2013,20(4):240-250.
[12]蒲泊伶,董大忠,吴松涛,等.川南地区下古生界海相页岩微观储集空间类型[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2014,38(4):19-25.PU Boling,DONG Dazhong,WU Songtao,et al.Microscopic space types of Lower Paleozoic marine shale in southern Sichuan basin[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science,2014,38(4):19-25.
[13]郭旭升,李宇平,刘若冰,等.四川盆地焦石坝地区龙马溪组页岩微观孔隙结构特征及其控制因素[J].天然气工业,2014,34(6):9-16.GUO Xusheng,LI Yuping,LIU Ruobing,et al.Characteristics and controlling factors of micro-pore structures of Longmaxi shale play in the Jiaoshiba area,Sichuan basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(6):9-16.
[14]陈尚斌.页岩储层微观结构及其吸附非均质性研究评述[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(6):23-32.CHEN Shangbin.Study review on microstructure and adsorption heterogeneity of shale reservoir[J].Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(6):23-32.
[15]郭英海,赵迪斐.微观尺度海相页岩储层微观非均质性研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2015,44(2):300-307.GUO Yinghai,ZHAO Difei.Analysis of micro-scale heterogeneity characteristics in marine shale gas reservoir[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2015,44(2):300-307.
[16]杨潇,姜振学,宋岩,等.渝东南牛蹄塘组与龙马溪组高演化海相页岩全孔径孔隙结构特征对比研究[J].高校地质学报,2016,22(2):368-377.YANG Xiao,JIANG Zhenxue,SONG Yan,et al.A comparative study on whole-aperture pore structure characteristics between Niutitang and Longmaxi formation of high-matruity marine shales in Southeastern Chongqingelt[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2016,22(2):368-377.
[17]文继祖,胡阳田,谢睿,等.湘西北页岩气牛蹄塘组和龙马溪组成藏特征对比[J].国土资源导刊,2016,13(1):1-7.WEN Jizu,HU Yangtian,XIE Rui,et al.Reservoir forming characteristics contrast between Niutitang formation and Longmaxi formation of shale gas in northwestern Hunan[J].Land&Resources Herald,2016,13(1):1-7.
[18]肖正辉,杨荣丰,冯涛,等.湘西北下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩气成藏条件及其勘探潜力分析[J].湖南科技大学学报:自然科学版,2012,27(1):50-54.XIAO Zhenghui,YANG Rongfeng,FENG Tao,et al.Reservoir-forming conditions and exploration potential of shale gas in Lower Cambrian Niutitang formation,northwestern Hunan[J].Journal of Hunan University of Science&Technology:Natural Science Edition,2012,27(1):50-54.
[19]肖正辉,王朝晖,杨荣丰,等.湘西北下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩气储集条件研究[J].地质学报,2013,87(10):1612-1623.XIAO Zhenghui,WANG Zhaohui,YANG Rongfeng,et al.Reservoir conditions of shale gas in the lower cambrian Niutitang formation,northwestern Hunan[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2013,87(10):1612-1623.
[20]邓翼,杨荣丰,肖正辉,等.张家界地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组沉积特征与页岩气成藏研究[J].西部探矿工程,2013,25(12):119-122.DENG Yi,YANG Rongfeng,XIAO Zhenghui,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and shale gas accumulation of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang formation in Zhangjiajie area[J].Westchina Exploration Engineering,2013,25(12):119-122.
[21]赵建华,金之钧,金振奎,等.四川盆地五峰组-龙马溪组页岩岩相类型与沉积环境[J].石油学报,2016,37(5):572-586.ZHAO Jianhua,JIN Zhijun,JIN Zhenkui,et al.Lithofacies types and sedimentary environment of shale in Wufeng-Longmaxi formation,Sichuan basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(5):572-586.
[22]刘树根,邓宾,钟勇,等.四川盆地及周缘下古生界页岩气深埋藏-强改造独特地质作用[J].地学前缘,2016,23(1):11-28.LIU Shugen,DENG Bin,ZHONG Yong,et al.Unique geological features of burial and superimposition of the Lower Paleozoic shale gas across the Sichuan basin and its periphery[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(1):11-28.
[23]蒲泊伶,蒋有录,王毅,等.四川盆地下志留统龙马溪组页岩气成藏条件及有利地区分析[J].石油学报,2010,31(2):225-230.PU Boling,JIANG Youlu,WANG Yi,et al.Reservoir-forming conditions and favorable exploration zones of shale gas in Lower Silurian Longmaxi formation of Sichuan basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(2):225-230.
[24]林拓,张金川,李博,等.湘西北常页1井下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩气聚集条件及含气特征[J].石油学报,2014,35(5):839-846.LIN Tuo,ZHANG Jinchuan,LI Bo,et al.Shale gas accumulation conditions and gas-bearing properties of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang formationin well Changye 1,northwestern Hunan[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(5):839-846.
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