面向黄土地质灾害的优势流研究
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摘要
在分析以往优势流研究方法和存在问题的基础上,对拓展优势流研究与应用领域、深化优势入渗机理以及定量刻画优势入渗规律进行了探讨.研究表明,黄土斜坡地带包气带按优势通道发育特征可概化为优势通道不明显的均匀介质、以大孔隙和裂隙为通道的优势介质、以落水洞、宽大裂隙为通道的灌入介质,将包气带水分运移入渗概化为均匀入渗、优势入渗和直接灌入,均匀入渗模式可用非饱和达西流刻画,优势入渗模式亟待理论突破和软件开发,直接灌入模式可分解为均匀入渗和优势入渗来刻画.
On the basis of analyzing the methods and issues in the existing preferential flow research, the expansion of research and application of the preferential flow were discussed and the preferential infiltration mechanism and quantitative characterization of preferential infiltration law were explored in depth.This paper presented that the preferential passage in the unsaturated loess slopes could be generalized as three types, i.e. the homogeneous medium with no obvious preferential passage, the preferential medium with macropore and fissure, and the inflow medium with sinkhole and large fissure. The water infiltration models could be attributed to uniform, preferential and direct infiltration. The uniform infiltration model could be characterized as an unsaturated Darcy flow. A new software or calculation method was needed for the preferential infiltration mode and the direct injection mode could be decomposed into uniform infiltration and preferential infiltration.
On the basis of analyzing the methods and issues in the existing preferential flow research, the expansion of research and application of the preferential flow were discussed and the preferential infiltration mechanism and quantitative characterization of preferential infiltration law were explored in depth.This paper presented that the preferential passage in the unsaturated loess slopes could be generalized as three types, i.e. the homogeneous medium with no obvious preferential passage, the preferential medium with macropore and fissure, and the inflow medium with sinkhole and large fissure. The water infiltration models could be attributed to uniform, preferential and direct infiltration. The uniform infiltration model could be characterized as an unsaturated Darcy flow. A new software or calculation method was needed for the preferential infiltration mode and the direct injection mode could be decomposed into uniform infiltration and preferential infiltration.
引文
[1]彭建兵,林鸿州,王启耀,等.黄土地质灾害研究中的关键问题与创新思路[J].工程地质学报,2014,22(4):684-691.
[2]张茂省,胡炜,孙萍萍,等.黄土水敏性及水质黄土滑坡研究现状与展望[J].地球环境学报,2016,7(4):323-334.
[3]徐学选,陈天林.黄土土柱入渗的优先流试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(4):82-85.
[4]杨仲康,陈冠,孟兴民,等.基于现场渗透试验的黄土滑坡体入渗特性[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2017,53(3):285-291.
[5]张茂省,孙萍萍,朱立峰,等.原位“Darcy实验”方法研究与实践[J].地质通报,2013,32(6):949-956.
[6]牛健植,余新晓.优先流问题研究及其科学意义[J].中国水土保持科学,2015,3(3):110-116.
[7]Clothier B E,Green S R,Deurer M.Preferential flow and transport in soil:progress and prognosis[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2008,59(1):2-13.
[8]孙冬梅,朱岳明,张明进.非饱和带水-气二相流数值模拟研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(4):560-565.
[9]Beven K,Germann P.Macropores and water flow in soils revisited[J].Water Resources Research,2013,49(6):3071-3092.
[10]解河海,冯杰,冯青,等.考虑大孔隙的土壤入渗模型[J].水利水电科技进展,2011,31(5):35-38.
[11]冯杰,郝振纯.水及溶质在有大孔隙的土壤中运移机制研究进展[J].河海大学学报,2002,30(2):63-70.
[12]盛丰,张仁铎,刘会海.基于分形理论的土壤优先流运动控制方程[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(2):52-56.
[13]盛丰,王康,张仁铎,等.土壤优先流的研究和试验分析[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(2):433-439.
[14]陈凤琴,石辉.岷江上游三种典型植被下土壤优势流现象的染色法研究[J].生态科学,2006,25(1):69-73.
[15]张洪江,程金花,史玉虎,等.三峡库区花岗岩林地坡面优先流对降雨的响应[J].北京林业大学学报,2004,26(5):6-9.
[16]陈晓冰,张洪江,李世友,等.紫色砂岩区不同植被类型土壤优先流特征及其影响因素[J].中国水土保持科学,2014,12(6):42-49.
[17]盛丰,张利勇,吴丹.土壤优先流模型理论与观测技术的研究进展[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(6):1-10.
[18]Zeng R Q,Meng X M,Zhang F Y,et al.Characterizing hydrological processes on loess slopes using electrical resistivity tomography:a case study of the Heifangtai Terrace,Northwest China[J].Journal of Hydrology,2016,541:742-753.
[19]张先林,许强,彭大雷,等.高密度电法在黑方台地下水探测中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2017,32(4):1862-1867.
[20]岳宁,王刚,阚飞,等.低渗透性裂隙岩体水流三维入渗过程的高密度电阻率成像法研究[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2017,53(1):9-18.
[21]Lin H.Linking principles of soil formation and flow regimes[J].Journal of Hydrology,2010,393(1/2):3-19.
[22]Guo Li,Lin H.Addressing two bottlenecks to advance the understanding of preferential flow in soils[J].Advances in Agronomy,2018,147:61-117.
[23]王明德.地质雷达在管线探测中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2009,8(6):65-68.
[24]胡少伟.地质雷达在探测地下富含水区域中的应用[J].水利水运工程学报,2012,12(6):33-37.
[25]冯杰,解河海,黄国如,等.土壤大孔隙流机理及产汇流模型[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
[26]程竹华,张佳宝.土壤中优势流现象的研究进展[J].土壤,1998,30(6):315-319.
[27]?imunek J,Jarvis N J,van Genuchten M T,et al.Areview and comparison of models and transport in the vadose zone[J].Journal of Hydrology,2003,272(1/2/3/4):14-35.
[28]Liu H H,Zhang R,Bodvarsson G S.An active region model for capturing fractal flow patterns in unsaturated soils:model development[J].Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,2005,80(1/2):14-35.
[29]Sidle R,Noguchi S,Tsuboyama Y,et al.A conceptual model of preferential flow systems in forested hillslopes:evidence of self-organization[J].Hydrological Processes,2010,15(10):1675-1692.
[30]Allaire S E,Roulier S,Cessna A J.Quantifying preferential flow in soils:a review of different techniques[J].Journal of Hydrology,2009,378(1/2):179-204.
[31]Graham C B,Lin H.Hydropedology[M].Salt Lake City:Academic Press,2012.
[2]张茂省,胡炜,孙萍萍,等.黄土水敏性及水质黄土滑坡研究现状与展望[J].地球环境学报,2016,7(4):323-334.
[3]徐学选,陈天林.黄土土柱入渗的优先流试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(4):82-85.
[4]杨仲康,陈冠,孟兴民,等.基于现场渗透试验的黄土滑坡体入渗特性[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2017,53(3):285-291.
[5]张茂省,孙萍萍,朱立峰,等.原位“Darcy实验”方法研究与实践[J].地质通报,2013,32(6):949-956.
[6]牛健植,余新晓.优先流问题研究及其科学意义[J].中国水土保持科学,2015,3(3):110-116.
[7]Clothier B E,Green S R,Deurer M.Preferential flow and transport in soil:progress and prognosis[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2008,59(1):2-13.
[8]孙冬梅,朱岳明,张明进.非饱和带水-气二相流数值模拟研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(4):560-565.
[9]Beven K,Germann P.Macropores and water flow in soils revisited[J].Water Resources Research,2013,49(6):3071-3092.
[10]解河海,冯杰,冯青,等.考虑大孔隙的土壤入渗模型[J].水利水电科技进展,2011,31(5):35-38.
[11]冯杰,郝振纯.水及溶质在有大孔隙的土壤中运移机制研究进展[J].河海大学学报,2002,30(2):63-70.
[12]盛丰,张仁铎,刘会海.基于分形理论的土壤优先流运动控制方程[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(2):52-56.
[13]盛丰,王康,张仁铎,等.土壤优先流的研究和试验分析[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(2):433-439.
[14]陈凤琴,石辉.岷江上游三种典型植被下土壤优势流现象的染色法研究[J].生态科学,2006,25(1):69-73.
[15]张洪江,程金花,史玉虎,等.三峡库区花岗岩林地坡面优先流对降雨的响应[J].北京林业大学学报,2004,26(5):6-9.
[16]陈晓冰,张洪江,李世友,等.紫色砂岩区不同植被类型土壤优先流特征及其影响因素[J].中国水土保持科学,2014,12(6):42-49.
[17]盛丰,张利勇,吴丹.土壤优先流模型理论与观测技术的研究进展[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(6):1-10.
[18]Zeng R Q,Meng X M,Zhang F Y,et al.Characterizing hydrological processes on loess slopes using electrical resistivity tomography:a case study of the Heifangtai Terrace,Northwest China[J].Journal of Hydrology,2016,541:742-753.
[19]张先林,许强,彭大雷,等.高密度电法在黑方台地下水探测中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2017,32(4):1862-1867.
[20]岳宁,王刚,阚飞,等.低渗透性裂隙岩体水流三维入渗过程的高密度电阻率成像法研究[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2017,53(1):9-18.
[21]Lin H.Linking principles of soil formation and flow regimes[J].Journal of Hydrology,2010,393(1/2):3-19.
[22]Guo Li,Lin H.Addressing two bottlenecks to advance the understanding of preferential flow in soils[J].Advances in Agronomy,2018,147:61-117.
[23]王明德.地质雷达在管线探测中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2009,8(6):65-68.
[24]胡少伟.地质雷达在探测地下富含水区域中的应用[J].水利水运工程学报,2012,12(6):33-37.
[25]冯杰,解河海,黄国如,等.土壤大孔隙流机理及产汇流模型[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
[26]程竹华,张佳宝.土壤中优势流现象的研究进展[J].土壤,1998,30(6):315-319.
[27]?imunek J,Jarvis N J,van Genuchten M T,et al.Areview and comparison of models and transport in the vadose zone[J].Journal of Hydrology,2003,272(1/2/3/4):14-35.
[28]Liu H H,Zhang R,Bodvarsson G S.An active region model for capturing fractal flow patterns in unsaturated soils:model development[J].Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,2005,80(1/2):14-35.
[29]Sidle R,Noguchi S,Tsuboyama Y,et al.A conceptual model of preferential flow systems in forested hillslopes:evidence of self-organization[J].Hydrological Processes,2010,15(10):1675-1692.
[30]Allaire S E,Roulier S,Cessna A J.Quantifying preferential flow in soils:a review of different techniques[J].Journal of Hydrology,2009,378(1/2):179-204.
[31]Graham C B,Lin H.Hydropedology[M].Salt Lake City:Academic Press,2012.
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