岷江上游地质灾害发育强度与规律分析
|
摘要
岷江上游地区地质环境条件复杂、脆弱,以滑坡、崩塌、泥石流为主的地质灾害数量多、规模大、危害严重,汶川地震又引发了大量崩滑地质灾害。本文根据汶川地震前和汶川地震地质灾害调查、排查等成果,采用GIS分析和编程计算相结合的方法,选取适宜的控制点间距、搜索半径编制了岷江上游汶川地震前、汶川地震地质灾害点密度、面积密度和体积密度图,提出利用点密度、面积密度和体积密度来综合评价地质灾害的发育强度,从弱到强划分为8个等级。分析认为,岷江上游地区地质灾害发育强度高,汶川地震前地质灾害累积发育强度达最高8级极端活动,汶川地震诱发崩滑地质灾害发育强度最高为7级极强活动,且2～6级区面积较大。岷江上游地区历史强震、暴雨等极端事件多发是地质灾害累积发育强度高的主要原因,而汶川地震单次事件引发的地质灾害发育强度总体较高,并主要沿龙门山断裂带、南部河谷区分布。
The geological environment is complex and fragile in the upper reaches of Minjiang River.Geological hazards mainly landslides,collapses and debris flows in these areas are characterized by large quantity,large scale and serious harm.Especially,many geological hazards were triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake.This study is based on the geological survey reports before and after the Wenchuan Earthquake,and uses GIS technology and programming computing technology.It makes the point density map,surface density map and volume density map of the upper reaches of Minjiang River with suitable control-points space and searching radius.It is proposed that geohazard intensity can be divided into 8 grades from weak to strong using the point density map,surface density map and volume density map.So,its analysis shows that the geohazard intensity is high in the upper reaches of Minjiang River.The accumulative geohazard intensity before the Wenchuan Earthquake is up to the highest 8~(th)grade(extremely intense activity).The highest geohazard intensity triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake is the 7~(th)grade,and most are the 2~(th)to the 6~(th).The main reason of the high cumulative geohazard intensity in the upper reaches of Minjiang River is the frequent occurrence of extreme events such as historical strong earthquake and rainstorms.Generally,the geohazard intensity triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake is high,and mainly along the Longmen Mountain fault zone and the southern valley area.
The geological environment is complex and fragile in the upper reaches of Minjiang River.Geological hazards mainly landslides,collapses and debris flows in these areas are characterized by large quantity,large scale and serious harm.Especially,many geological hazards were triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake.This study is based on the geological survey reports before and after the Wenchuan Earthquake,and uses GIS technology and programming computing technology.It makes the point density map,surface density map and volume density map of the upper reaches of Minjiang River with suitable control-points space and searching radius.It is proposed that geohazard intensity can be divided into 8 grades from weak to strong using the point density map,surface density map and volume density map.So,its analysis shows that the geohazard intensity is high in the upper reaches of Minjiang River.The accumulative geohazard intensity before the Wenchuan Earthquake is up to the highest 8~(th)grade(extremely intense activity).The highest geohazard intensity triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake is the 7~(th)grade,and most are the 2~(th)to the 6~(th).The main reason of the high cumulative geohazard intensity in the upper reaches of Minjiang River is the frequent occurrence of extreme events such as historical strong earthquake and rainstorms.Generally,the geohazard intensity triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake is high,and mainly along the Longmen Mountain fault zone and the southern valley area.
引文
Cardinali M,Reichenbach P,Guzzetti F,et al.2002.A geomorphological approach to the estimation of landslide hazards and risks in Umbria,Central Italy[J].Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,2(1):1-10.
Chang X J,Ding J,Wei L W,et al.2007.Distribution of the geological hazards in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River,Sichuan[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,27(1):103-108.
Department of Geology and Environment,Ministry of Lands and Resources.2000.Basic requirements for survey and zoning of geological disasters in counties[S].Beijing:Ministry of Lands and Resources.
Huang R Q,Pei X J,Li T B.2008.Basic characteristics and formation mechanism of the largest scale landslide at Dagungbao occurred during the Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,16(6):730-741.
Huang R Q.2007.Large-scale landslides and their sliding mechanisms in China since the 20thcentury[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,26(3):433-454.
Huang T,Zhang Z,Gu Y Q,et al.2009.Distributed characteristics research of earthquake-induced secondary geological disasters in Beichuan County:Based on GIS and remote sensing[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,13(1):177-182.
Hungr O.1997.Some Methods of Landslide Hazard Intensity Mapping[C]//Cruden D M,Fell R.Landslide Risk Assessment.Proceedings International Workshop on Landslide Risk Assessment,Honolulu,19-21 February 1997.Rotterdam:A A Balkema:215-226.
Jiang L W,Wang S T,Liu H C,et al.2002.Research on hypergene geological hazards in the upstream of min river[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environmeng Preservation,13(1):13-17.
Li Z Q,Guan P,Zhang X R,et al.2006.Calculation method of Gansu highway geology hazard aggregative growth strength index[J].Journal of Lanzhou Jiaotong University(Natural Science Edition),25(4):39-42.
Liang J T,Cheng Y L,Wang J,et al.2014.Remote sensing investigation and formation mechanism on Wulipo landslide of July 10,2013 in Sanxi Village,Dujingyan,Sichuan Province[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,22(6):1194-1203.
Liu C Z,Wen M S,Liu Y H,et al.2016.Regional assessment on geological disasters in"5.12″Wenchuan seismic area,China[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,43(5):1-16.
Liu Y,Huang J Y,Ma L.2010.The assessment of regional vulnerability to natural disasters in China based on DEA model[J].Geographical Research,29(7):1153-1162.
Qiao J P,Wang M,Wu C Y.2015.Study on Wenchuan Earthquakeinduced landslide risk zonation[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,23(2):187-193.
Qiao J P.1994.Study on the regularities governing the density distribution of collapses and landslides on the upper ming jiang river basin[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Valley,3(4):365-370.
Ran G J,Li X,Chen G.2009.Analysis on the distribution law and influencing factors of landslide development strength in Fujian Province[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,(2):20-23.
Wang T,Ma Y S,Long C X,et al.2008.Fault activity of the Wenchuan Earthquake in Sichuan,China and seismic secondary geohazards[J].Geological Bulletin of China,27(11):1913-1922.
Wang Z H,LüJ T.2001.Understand Yigong landslide in Tibet based on the satellite image[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,5(4):312-316.
Wei C L,Liao W,Li C S,et al.2013.Integration of detailed investigation of geological hazards in Minjiang River[R].Chengdu:Sichuan Geological Survey.
Wu S R,Shi J S,Wang T,et al.2009.Geohazard activity intensity evaluation:theory,methods and practice[J].Geological Bulletin of China,28(8):1127-1137.
Wu S R,Shi J S,Yao X,et al.2008.Analysis and evaluation of geohazard intensity of the Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,27(11):1900-1906.
Xie F C.1991.Application of remote sensing technology in geological hazard investigation in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River[J].Remote Sensing Information,(3):27-31.
Xu C,Xu X W,Wu X Y,et al.2013.Detailed catalog of landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and statistcal analyses of their spatial distribution[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,21(1):25-44.
Yang Z H,Guo C B,Yao X,et al.2017.Geohazard susceptiblity assessment considering the long-term seismic effect in the eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,28(4):103-112.
Yin Y P,Cheng Y L,Wang J,et al.2011.Remote sensing research on Daguangbao gigantic rock-slide triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,19(5):674-684.
Yin Y P,Wang W P,Zhang N,et al.2017.Long runout geological disaster initiated by the ridge-top rockslide in a strong earthquake area:A case study of the Xinmo landslide in Maoxian County,Sichuan Province[J].Chinese in Geology,44(5):827-841.
Yin Y P.2008.Researches on the geo-hazards triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake,Sichuan[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,16(4):433-444.
Yin Z Q,Chen G M,Hu G S,et al.2010.Preliminary study on characteristic and mechanism of super-large landslides in upper yellow river since late-pleistocene[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,18(1):41-51.
Zeng Q L,Wei R Q,Xue X Y,et al.2018.Characteristics and runout mechanism of super-large Xinmo rock avalanche-debris flow in Diexi Sichuan Province[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,26(1):193-206.
Zhao H Y,Wei Y N,Zhang T Y.2006.Analysis on the development strength of geological disasters in Henan Province[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazards and Control,17(2):171-173.
常晓军,丁俊,魏伦武,等.2007.岷江上游地质灾害发育分布规律初探[J].沉积与特提斯地质,27(1):103-108.
国土资源部地质环境司.2000.《县(市)地质灾害调查与区划基本要求》实施细则[S].北京:国土资源部.
黄润秋,裴向军,李天斌.2008.汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡基本特征及形成机理分析[J].工程地质学报,16(6):730-741.
黄润秋.2007.20世纪以来中国的大型滑坡及其发生机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,26(3):433-454.
黄庭,张志,谷延群,等.2009.基于遥感和GIS技术的北川县地震次生地质灾害分布特征[J].遥感学报,13(1):177-182.
蒋良文,王士天,刘汉超,等.2002.岷江上游干流岸坡主要表生地质灾害分布特征及成因浅析[J].地质灾害与环境保护,13(1):13-17.
李志强,管频,张小荣,等.2006.甘肃省公路地质灾害综合发育强度指数计算方法[J].兰州交通大学学报(自然科学版),25(4):39-42.
梁京涛,成余粮,王军,等.2014.2013年7月10日四川省都江堰三溪村五里坡特大滑坡灾害遥感调查及成因机制浅析[J].工程地质学报,22(6):1194-1203.
刘传正,温铭生,刘艳辉,等.2016.汶川地震区地质灾害成生规律研究[J].水文地质工程地质,43(5):1-16.
乔建平,王萌,吴彩燕.2015.汶川地震灾区滑坡风险区划研究[J].工程地质学报,23(2):187-193.
乔建平.1994.岷江上游崩塌滑坡分布规律研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,3(4):365-370.
冉光静,李晓,陈刚.2009.福建省滑坡发育强度分布规律及影响因素分析[J].西部探矿工程,(2):20-23.
王涛,马寅生,龙长兴,等.2008.四川汶川地震断裂活动和次生地质灾害浅析[J].地质通报,27(11):1913-1922.
王治华,吕杰堂.2001.从卫星图像上认识西藏易贡滑坡[J].遥感学报,5(4):312-316.
魏昌利,廖维,李长顺,等.2013.岷江流域地质灾害详细调查成果集成[R].成都:四川省地质调查院.
吴树仁,石菊松,王涛,等.2009.地质灾害活动强度评估的原理、方法和实例[J].地质通报,28(8):1127-1137.
吴树仁,石菊松,姚鑫,等.2008.四川汶川地震地质灾害活动强度分析评价[J].地质通报,27(11):1900-1906.
谢封春.1991.遥感技术在岷江上游地区地质灾害调查中的应用[J].遥感信息,(3):27-31.
许冲,徐锡伟,吴熙彦,等.2013.2008年汶川地震滑坡详细编目及其空间分布规律分析[J].工程地质学报,21(1):25-44.
杨志华,郭长宝,姚鑫,等.2017.考虑地震后效应的青藏高原东缘地质灾害易发性评价[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,28(4):103-112.
殷跃平,成余粮,王军,等.2011.汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡遥感研究[J].工程地质学报,19(5):674-684.
殷跃平,王文佩,张楠,等.2017.强震区高位滑坡远程灾害特征研究——以四川茂县新磨滑坡为例[J].中国地质,44(5):827-841.
殷跃平.2008.汶川8级地震地质灾害研究[J].工程地质学报,16(4):433-444.
殷志强,程国明,胡贵寿,等.2010.晚更新世以来黄河上游巨型滑坡特征及形成机理初步研究[J].工程地质学报,18(1):41-51.
曾庆利,魏荣强,薛鑫宇,等.2018.茂县新磨村特大滑坡-碎屑流的发育特征与运移机理[J].工程地质学报,26(1):193-206.
赵鸿燕,魏也纳,张天义.2006.河南省地质遗迹区地质灾害发育强度分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,17(2):171-173.
Chang X J,Ding J,Wei L W,et al.2007.Distribution of the geological hazards in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River,Sichuan[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,27(1):103-108.
Department of Geology and Environment,Ministry of Lands and Resources.2000.Basic requirements for survey and zoning of geological disasters in counties[S].Beijing:Ministry of Lands and Resources.
Huang R Q,Pei X J,Li T B.2008.Basic characteristics and formation mechanism of the largest scale landslide at Dagungbao occurred during the Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,16(6):730-741.
Huang R Q.2007.Large-scale landslides and their sliding mechanisms in China since the 20thcentury[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,26(3):433-454.
Huang T,Zhang Z,Gu Y Q,et al.2009.Distributed characteristics research of earthquake-induced secondary geological disasters in Beichuan County:Based on GIS and remote sensing[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,13(1):177-182.
Hungr O.1997.Some Methods of Landslide Hazard Intensity Mapping[C]//Cruden D M,Fell R.Landslide Risk Assessment.Proceedings International Workshop on Landslide Risk Assessment,Honolulu,19-21 February 1997.Rotterdam:A A Balkema:215-226.
Jiang L W,Wang S T,Liu H C,et al.2002.Research on hypergene geological hazards in the upstream of min river[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environmeng Preservation,13(1):13-17.
Li Z Q,Guan P,Zhang X R,et al.2006.Calculation method of Gansu highway geology hazard aggregative growth strength index[J].Journal of Lanzhou Jiaotong University(Natural Science Edition),25(4):39-42.
Liang J T,Cheng Y L,Wang J,et al.2014.Remote sensing investigation and formation mechanism on Wulipo landslide of July 10,2013 in Sanxi Village,Dujingyan,Sichuan Province[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,22(6):1194-1203.
Liu C Z,Wen M S,Liu Y H,et al.2016.Regional assessment on geological disasters in"5.12″Wenchuan seismic area,China[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,43(5):1-16.
Liu Y,Huang J Y,Ma L.2010.The assessment of regional vulnerability to natural disasters in China based on DEA model[J].Geographical Research,29(7):1153-1162.
Qiao J P,Wang M,Wu C Y.2015.Study on Wenchuan Earthquakeinduced landslide risk zonation[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,23(2):187-193.
Qiao J P.1994.Study on the regularities governing the density distribution of collapses and landslides on the upper ming jiang river basin[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Valley,3(4):365-370.
Ran G J,Li X,Chen G.2009.Analysis on the distribution law and influencing factors of landslide development strength in Fujian Province[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,(2):20-23.
Wang T,Ma Y S,Long C X,et al.2008.Fault activity of the Wenchuan Earthquake in Sichuan,China and seismic secondary geohazards[J].Geological Bulletin of China,27(11):1913-1922.
Wang Z H,LüJ T.2001.Understand Yigong landslide in Tibet based on the satellite image[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,5(4):312-316.
Wei C L,Liao W,Li C S,et al.2013.Integration of detailed investigation of geological hazards in Minjiang River[R].Chengdu:Sichuan Geological Survey.
Wu S R,Shi J S,Wang T,et al.2009.Geohazard activity intensity evaluation:theory,methods and practice[J].Geological Bulletin of China,28(8):1127-1137.
Wu S R,Shi J S,Yao X,et al.2008.Analysis and evaluation of geohazard intensity of the Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,27(11):1900-1906.
Xie F C.1991.Application of remote sensing technology in geological hazard investigation in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River[J].Remote Sensing Information,(3):27-31.
Xu C,Xu X W,Wu X Y,et al.2013.Detailed catalog of landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and statistcal analyses of their spatial distribution[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,21(1):25-44.
Yang Z H,Guo C B,Yao X,et al.2017.Geohazard susceptiblity assessment considering the long-term seismic effect in the eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,28(4):103-112.
Yin Y P,Cheng Y L,Wang J,et al.2011.Remote sensing research on Daguangbao gigantic rock-slide triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,19(5):674-684.
Yin Y P,Wang W P,Zhang N,et al.2017.Long runout geological disaster initiated by the ridge-top rockslide in a strong earthquake area:A case study of the Xinmo landslide in Maoxian County,Sichuan Province[J].Chinese in Geology,44(5):827-841.
Yin Y P.2008.Researches on the geo-hazards triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake,Sichuan[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,16(4):433-444.
Yin Z Q,Chen G M,Hu G S,et al.2010.Preliminary study on characteristic and mechanism of super-large landslides in upper yellow river since late-pleistocene[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,18(1):41-51.
Zeng Q L,Wei R Q,Xue X Y,et al.2018.Characteristics and runout mechanism of super-large Xinmo rock avalanche-debris flow in Diexi Sichuan Province[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,26(1):193-206.
Zhao H Y,Wei Y N,Zhang T Y.2006.Analysis on the development strength of geological disasters in Henan Province[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazards and Control,17(2):171-173.
常晓军,丁俊,魏伦武,等.2007.岷江上游地质灾害发育分布规律初探[J].沉积与特提斯地质,27(1):103-108.
国土资源部地质环境司.2000.《县(市)地质灾害调查与区划基本要求》实施细则[S].北京:国土资源部.
黄润秋,裴向军,李天斌.2008.汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡基本特征及形成机理分析[J].工程地质学报,16(6):730-741.
黄润秋.2007.20世纪以来中国的大型滑坡及其发生机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,26(3):433-454.
黄庭,张志,谷延群,等.2009.基于遥感和GIS技术的北川县地震次生地质灾害分布特征[J].遥感学报,13(1):177-182.
蒋良文,王士天,刘汉超,等.2002.岷江上游干流岸坡主要表生地质灾害分布特征及成因浅析[J].地质灾害与环境保护,13(1):13-17.
李志强,管频,张小荣,等.2006.甘肃省公路地质灾害综合发育强度指数计算方法[J].兰州交通大学学报(自然科学版),25(4):39-42.
梁京涛,成余粮,王军,等.2014.2013年7月10日四川省都江堰三溪村五里坡特大滑坡灾害遥感调查及成因机制浅析[J].工程地质学报,22(6):1194-1203.
刘传正,温铭生,刘艳辉,等.2016.汶川地震区地质灾害成生规律研究[J].水文地质工程地质,43(5):1-16.
乔建平,王萌,吴彩燕.2015.汶川地震灾区滑坡风险区划研究[J].工程地质学报,23(2):187-193.
乔建平.1994.岷江上游崩塌滑坡分布规律研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,3(4):365-370.
冉光静,李晓,陈刚.2009.福建省滑坡发育强度分布规律及影响因素分析[J].西部探矿工程,(2):20-23.
王涛,马寅生,龙长兴,等.2008.四川汶川地震断裂活动和次生地质灾害浅析[J].地质通报,27(11):1913-1922.
王治华,吕杰堂.2001.从卫星图像上认识西藏易贡滑坡[J].遥感学报,5(4):312-316.
魏昌利,廖维,李长顺,等.2013.岷江流域地质灾害详细调查成果集成[R].成都:四川省地质调查院.
吴树仁,石菊松,王涛,等.2009.地质灾害活动强度评估的原理、方法和实例[J].地质通报,28(8):1127-1137.
吴树仁,石菊松,姚鑫,等.2008.四川汶川地震地质灾害活动强度分析评价[J].地质通报,27(11):1900-1906.
谢封春.1991.遥感技术在岷江上游地区地质灾害调查中的应用[J].遥感信息,(3):27-31.
许冲,徐锡伟,吴熙彦,等.2013.2008年汶川地震滑坡详细编目及其空间分布规律分析[J].工程地质学报,21(1):25-44.
杨志华,郭长宝,姚鑫,等.2017.考虑地震后效应的青藏高原东缘地质灾害易发性评价[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,28(4):103-112.
殷跃平,成余粮,王军,等.2011.汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡遥感研究[J].工程地质学报,19(5):674-684.
殷跃平,王文佩,张楠,等.2017.强震区高位滑坡远程灾害特征研究——以四川茂县新磨滑坡为例[J].中国地质,44(5):827-841.
殷跃平.2008.汶川8级地震地质灾害研究[J].工程地质学报,16(4):433-444.
殷志强,程国明,胡贵寿,等.2010.晚更新世以来黄河上游巨型滑坡特征及形成机理初步研究[J].工程地质学报,18(1):41-51.
曾庆利,魏荣强,薛鑫宇,等.2018.茂县新磨村特大滑坡-碎屑流的发育特征与运移机理[J].工程地质学报,26(1):193-206.
赵鸿燕,魏也纳,张天义.2006.河南省地质遗迹区地质灾害发育强度分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,17(2):171-173.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |