华北克拉通中部宁武-静乐盆地侏罗纪构造变形与燕山期造山事件的启动
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摘要
燕山期造山事件广泛影响东亚地区的构造演化,其启动时间与构造变形样式还存在较多的争议。侏罗纪宁武-静乐盆地位于华北克拉通中北部吕梁山地区,处在华北平原盆地与鄂尔多斯盆地之间,是吕梁山-太行山内部NE-SW走向的向斜盆地,为燕山期陆内造山作用的研究提供了例证。本文通过构造变形分析、平衡剖面恢复与生长地层碎屑锆石年代学分析,厘定了侏罗纪宁武-静乐盆地构造变形样式、原型盆地性质与生长地层开始形成的时间,探讨了燕山期构造变形的盆山耦合效应。其中,盆地北段西侧发育断展褶皱与对冲构造;盆地中段西侧发育断展褶皱与背冲构造,中段东侧发育断展褶皱;盆地南段西侧发育断展褶皱与叠瓦状逆冲构造。中侏罗统云岗组(J_2y)与上侏罗统天池河组(J_3t)为生长地层,记录了侏罗纪宁武-静乐盆地的生长与变形过程,反映了该地区燕山期造山事件的作用过程。前生长地层构造变形反映的侏罗纪宁武-静乐盆地地壳缩短率在盆地中段为26.2%,南段为58.6%。碎屑锆石定年研究限定了该地区燕山造山作用的启动时间为～168 Ma。由此认为,华北克拉通中北部是中生代燕山期造山作用最显著的地区之一,燕山期造山事件是纵贯华北吕梁山-太行山造山带崛起的主因。
The Yanshanian orogeny has affected extensively the tectonic evolution of the East Asia, however, the beginning and the deformation patterns of the event are still hotly debated. The Jurassic Ningwu-Jingle Basin, a NE-SW trending syncline basin in the northern central part of the North China Craton, provides an example for the study of the Yanshanian Orogeny. The Ningwu-Jingle Basin is located in the Lüliang-Taihang Mountains between the North China Plain Basin and the Ordos Basin. In this paper, the structural patterns and the prototype of the Jurassic Ningwu-Jingle Basin are determined through tectonic deformational analysis and reconstruction of balanced cross-sections, and the basin-mountain coupling effects of the Yanshanian Orogeny are discussed through detrital zircon U-Pb dating of the growth strata. Structural geological investigation reveals different structural patterns in different parts of the synclinal Ningwu-Jingle Basin. Fault-propagation folds occur in both the west and east limbs of the synclinal basin. In the west limb of the syncline, face to face compressive structures, back thrusts and imbricate thrusts, occur in the northern part,the middle part, and the southern part of the basin, respectively. The growth strata consist of the Middle Jurassic Yungang Formation(J_2y) and the Upper Jurassic Tianchihe Formation(J_3t), recording the obvious formation and tectonic deformation of the synclinal Ningwu-Jingle Basin resulting from the Yanshanian Orogeny during the Middle to Late Jurassic. Crust shortenings recorded by the pre-growth strata are ca. 26.2%(or ca. 13 km) for the middle part and ca. 58.6%(or ca. 34.6 km) for the southern part of the synclinal basin, respectively. Detrital zircon U-Pb dating constrains the oldest age of the Middle-Late Jurassic growth strata at ca. 168 Ma, which suggests the triggering of the Yanshanian Orogeny at ca. 168 Ma. It is considered that the Yanshanian Orogeny in the Middle to Late Jurassic led to the uplift of the Lüliang and Taihang Mountains in the northern central part of the North China Craton.
The Yanshanian orogeny has affected extensively the tectonic evolution of the East Asia, however, the beginning and the deformation patterns of the event are still hotly debated. The Jurassic Ningwu-Jingle Basin, a NE-SW trending syncline basin in the northern central part of the North China Craton, provides an example for the study of the Yanshanian Orogeny. The Ningwu-Jingle Basin is located in the Lüliang-Taihang Mountains between the North China Plain Basin and the Ordos Basin. In this paper, the structural patterns and the prototype of the Jurassic Ningwu-Jingle Basin are determined through tectonic deformational analysis and reconstruction of balanced cross-sections, and the basin-mountain coupling effects of the Yanshanian Orogeny are discussed through detrital zircon U-Pb dating of the growth strata. Structural geological investigation reveals different structural patterns in different parts of the synclinal Ningwu-Jingle Basin. Fault-propagation folds occur in both the west and east limbs of the synclinal basin. In the west limb of the syncline, face to face compressive structures, back thrusts and imbricate thrusts, occur in the northern part,the middle part, and the southern part of the basin, respectively. The growth strata consist of the Middle Jurassic Yungang Formation(J_2y) and the Upper Jurassic Tianchihe Formation(J_3t), recording the obvious formation and tectonic deformation of the synclinal Ningwu-Jingle Basin resulting from the Yanshanian Orogeny during the Middle to Late Jurassic. Crust shortenings recorded by the pre-growth strata are ca. 26.2%(or ca. 13 km) for the middle part and ca. 58.6%(or ca. 34.6 km) for the southern part of the synclinal basin, respectively. Detrital zircon U-Pb dating constrains the oldest age of the Middle-Late Jurassic growth strata at ca. 168 Ma, which suggests the triggering of the Yanshanian Orogeny at ca. 168 Ma. It is considered that the Yanshanian Orogeny in the Middle to Late Jurassic led to the uplift of the Lüliang and Taihang Mountains in the northern central part of the North China Craton.
引文
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董树文,李廷栋,钟大赉,王成善,沙金庚,陈宣华.2009.侏罗纪/白垩纪之交东亚板块汇聚的研究进展和展望.中国科学基金,23(5):281-286.
董树文,张岳桥,龙长兴,杨振宇,季强,王涛,胡建民,陈宣华.2007.中国侏罗纪构造变革与燕山运动新诠释.地质学报,81(11):1449-1461.
董树文,张岳桥,赵越,杨振宇,张福勤,陈宣华,尹安,金振民,张拴宏,苗来成,崔建军,施炜,李建华,李振宏,黄始琪,吴耀,吴晨,李勇,刘健,裴军令,苏金宝,王雁宾,仝亚博,袁伟,杨天水,李军鹏,胡修棉,叶浩,吴飞,张艳飞,王艳.2016.中国大陆中-新生代构造演化与动力学分析.北京:科学出版社:1-714.
管树巍,李本亮,何登发,汪新,John Suppe.2007.复杂构造解析中的几何学方法与应用.地质科学,42(4):722-739.
何登发,John Suppe,贾承造.2005.断层相关褶皱理论与应用研究新进展.地学前缘,12(4):353-364.
胡俊良,赵太平,陈伟,彭澎.2007.华北克拉通1.75Ga基性岩墙群特征及其研究进展.大地构造与成矿学,31(4):457-470.
景贵飞,王式洸.1995.宁武-静乐盆地中部煤系高岭岩的特征及成因.煤田地质与勘探,23(1):1-8.
李振宏,董树文,渠洪杰.2014.晋东北侏罗纪盆地早中侏罗世沉积充填记录及其构造意义.地球学报,35(3):285-294.
廖超林,王岳军,彭头平.2003.太行山南段早元古代基性脉岩的40Ar-39Ar年代学及其构造意义.大地构造与成矿学,27(4):354-361.
林舸,赵崇斌,肖焕钦,陈广浩,闫义,张德圣,刘士林,陈运平.2008.华北克拉通构造活化的动力学机制与模型.大地构造与成矿学,32(2):133-142.
毛景文,谢桂青,张作衡,李晓峰,王义天,张长青,李永峰.2005.中国北方中生代大规模成矿作用的期次及其地球动力学背景.岩石学报,21(1):169-188.
任纪舜,牛宝贵,王军,金小赤,谢良珍.2013.国际亚洲地质图(1∶5000000).北京:地质出版社.
吴福元,徐义刚,高山,郑建平.2008.华北岩石圈减薄与克拉通破坏研究的主要学术争论.岩石学报,24(6):1145-1174.
吴奇,李三忠,刘鑫,王鹏程,曹现志,索艳慧.2012.山西南部燕山期类隔挡式褶皱构造特征.大地构造与成矿学,36(4):483-489.
翟明国.2008.华北克拉通破坏前的状态--对讨论华北克拉通破坏问题的一个建议.大地构造与成矿学,32(4):516-520.
翟明国,孟庆任,刘建明,侯泉林,胡圣标,李忠,张宏福,刘伟,邵济安,朱日祥.2004.华北东部中生代构造体制转折峰期的主要地质效应和形成动力学探讨.地学前缘,11(3):285-297.
张泓,晋香兰,李贵红,杨志远,张慧,贾建称.2008.鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗纪-白垩纪原始面貌与古地理演化.古地理学报,10(1):1-11.
赵俊峰,刘池洋,梁积伟,王晓梅,喻林,黄雷,刘永涛.2010.鄂尔多斯盆地直罗组-安定组沉积期原始边界恢复.地质学报,84(4):553-568.
赵越,徐刚,张拴宏,杨振宇,张岳桥,胡健民.2004.燕山运动与东亚构造体制的转变.地学前缘,11(3):319-328.
朱日祥,陈凌,吴福元,刘俊来.2011.华北克拉通破坏的时间、范围与机制.中国科学:地球科学,41(5):583-592.
朱日祥,范宏瑞,李建威,孟庆任,李胜荣,曾庆栋.2015.克拉通破坏型金矿床.中国科学:地球科学,45(8):1153-1168.
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