巨厚砾岩下回采巷道冲击破坏机理
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摘要
为探究巨厚砾岩下回采巷道冲击破坏机理,以千秋煤矿21141工作面(半孤岛面)运输巷为工程背景,首先采用数值模拟手段分析正常工作面和半孤岛面主应力场特征和回采巷道围岩区域主应力场特征,以及顶板破断产生的扰动作用对巷道围岩塑性区的影响。结果显示半孤岛开采引起的最大主应力较大,巷道围岩塑性区呈蝶形分布且在煤层中出现急剧扩展。然后分析巷道围岩蝶形塑性区急剧扩展的力学机制,得出巷道RPP曲线,阐述巷道冲击破坏的敏感因素,并揭示巨厚砾岩下回采巷道冲击破坏机理:处于半孤岛面中部的回采巷道在受到顶板破断产生的扰动作用后,巷道围岩区域主应力场突然发生改变,导致围岩蝶形塑性区急剧扩展,并以声响、震动和煤岩体抛出的形式释放存储于体内和围岩系统中的大量弹性能,出现爆炸式破坏的动力现象。
In order to explore the burst failure mechanism of the mining roadway under ultra-thick conglomerate, with working face 21141(semi-island) transportation roadway in Qianqiu coal mine as the engineering background, the numerical simulation method is applied to analyze the characteristics of principle stress field of normal and semi-island working face and that of the regions in the surrounding rock as well as the impact of the disturbance of roof breaking on plastic zone of the surrounding rock.The results have shown that maximum principle stress caused by semi-island mining is large, and that the plastic zone of the surrounding rock is butterfly-shaped and tends to expand sharply in coal seam.And then, through analyzing the mechanical mechanism about sharp expansion of butterfly-shaped plastic zone in the surrounding rock, RPP curves of the roadway are obtained; sensitive factors of burst failure are stated; the burst failure mechanism in the mining roadway under ultra-thick conglomerate is revealed accordingly. Because of the disturbance of roof breaking, the regional principle stress field of the surrounding rock in the mining roadway changes suddenly, which causes the sharp expansion of butterfly-shaped plastic zone, and releases plenty of elastic energy stored in the coal body and surrounding rock system in the form of sound, vibration and coal or rock mass burst, resulting in the dynamic phenomenon of explosive failure.
In order to explore the burst failure mechanism of the mining roadway under ultra-thick conglomerate, with working face 21141(semi-island) transportation roadway in Qianqiu coal mine as the engineering background, the numerical simulation method is applied to analyze the characteristics of principle stress field of normal and semi-island working face and that of the regions in the surrounding rock as well as the impact of the disturbance of roof breaking on plastic zone of the surrounding rock.The results have shown that maximum principle stress caused by semi-island mining is large, and that the plastic zone of the surrounding rock is butterfly-shaped and tends to expand sharply in coal seam.And then, through analyzing the mechanical mechanism about sharp expansion of butterfly-shaped plastic zone in the surrounding rock, RPP curves of the roadway are obtained; sensitive factors of burst failure are stated; the burst failure mechanism in the mining roadway under ultra-thick conglomerate is revealed accordingly. Because of the disturbance of roof breaking, the regional principle stress field of the surrounding rock in the mining roadway changes suddenly, which causes the sharp expansion of butterfly-shaped plastic zone, and releases plenty of elastic energy stored in the coal body and surrounding rock system in the form of sound, vibration and coal or rock mass burst, resulting in the dynamic phenomenon of explosive failure.
引文
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[16]姜耀东,潘一山,姜福兴,等.我国煤炭开采中的冲击地压机理和防治[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):205-213.JIANG Yaodong,PAN Yishan,JIANG Fuxing,et al.State of the art review on mechanism and prevention of coal bumps in China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):205-213.
[17]白毅.千秋煤矿21141工作面运输平巷冲击地压发生机理研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2016.
[18]潘俊锋.半孤岛面全煤巷道底板冲击启动原理分析[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(增刊2):332-338.PAN Junfeng.Start-up principium of rock burst in whole coal roadway floor in half-island face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(Sup 2):332-338.
[19]齐立伟.千秋煤矿巨厚砾岩层变形破坏机理及微震监测技术研究[D].焦作:河南理工大学,2012.
[20]焦振华.采动条件下断层损伤滑移演化规律及其诱冲机制研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2017.
[21]陈炎光,陆士良.中国煤矿采场围岩控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1994:53-58.
[22]贺虎,窦林名,巩思园,等.巷道防冲机理及支护控制研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(1):40-44.HE Hu,DOU Linming,GONG Siyuan,et al.Mechanism of rockburst prevention and supporting control technology in roadways[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2010,27(1):40-44.
[23]高明仕,窦林名,严如令,等.冲击煤层巷道锚网支护防冲机理及抗冲震级初算[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(4):402-406.GAO Mingshi,DOU Linming,YAN Ruling,et al.Prevention mechanism of roadway supported by bolt-mesh subjected to rock burst and degree calculation[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2009,26(4):402-406.
[24]许胜铭,李松营,李德翔,等.义马煤田冲击地压发生的地质规律[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(9):2015-2020.XU Shengming,LI Songying,LI Dexiang,et al.Geological laws of rock burst occurrence in Yima coalfield[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(9):2015-2020.
[2]窦林名,陆菜平,牟宗龙,等.冲击矿压的强度弱化减冲理论及其应用[J].煤炭学报,2005,30(5):690-694.DOU Linming,LU Caiping,MU Zonglong,et al.Intensity weakening theory for rockburst and its application[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2005,30(5):690-694.
[3]PROCHAZKA P P.Application of discrete element methods to fracture mechanics of rockbursts[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2004,71(4-6):601-618.
[4]TSIREL S V,KROTOV N V.Probability interpretation of indirect risk criteria and estimate of rockburst hazard in mining anthracite seams[J].Journal of Mining Science,2001,37(3):240-260.
[5]齐庆新,窦林名.冲击地压理论与技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2008:32-38.
[6]潘俊锋,宁宇,毛德兵,等.煤矿开采冲击地压启动理论[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(3):586-596.PAN Junfeng,NING Yu,MAO Debing,et al.Theory of rockburst start-up during coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(3):586-596.
[7]潘一山,章梦涛.用突变理论分析冲击地压发生的物理过程[J].阜新矿业学院学报,1992,11(1):12-18.PAN Yishan,ZHANG Mengtao.The study of coalburst by catastrophic theory[J].Journal of Fuxin Mining Institute,1992,11(1):12-18.
[8]刘少虹.动静加载下组合煤岩破坏失稳的突变模型和混沌机制[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):292-300.LIU Shaohong.Nonlinear catastrophic model and chaotic dynamic mechanism of compound coal-rock unstable failure under coupled static dynamic loading[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):292-300.
[9]侯朝炯.巷道围岩控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2013:85-86.
[10]MA Nianjie,HOU Chaojiong.A research into plastic zone of surrounding strata of gateway effected by mining abutment stress[C]//Proc of the 32nd US Symposium on Rock Mechanics,1990.
[11]赵志强.大变形回采巷道围岩变形破坏机理与控制方法研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2014.
[12]马念杰,李季,赵志强.圆形巷道围岩偏应力场及塑性区分布规律研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2015,44(2):206-213.MA Nianjie,LI Ji,ZHAO Zhiqiang.Distribution of the deviatoric stress field and plastic zone in circular roadway surrounding rock[J].Journal of China University of Mining&technology,2015,44(2):206-213.
[13]贾后省.蝶叶塑性区穿透特性与层状顶板巷道冒顶机理研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2015.
[14]马念杰,郭晓菲,赵志强,等.均质圆形巷道蝶型冲击地压发生机理及其判定准则[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(11):2679-2688.MA Nianjie,GUO Xiaofei,ZHAO Zhiqiang,et al.Occurrence mechanisms and judging criterion on circular tunnel butterfly rock burst in homogeneous medium[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(11):2679-2688.
[15]刘洪涛,镐振,吴祥业,等.塑性区瞬时恶性扩张诱发冲击灾害机理[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(6):1392-1399.LIU Hongtao,HAO Zhen,WU Xiangye,et al.Mechanism of blast disaster induced by instantaneous malignant epansion of plastic zone[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(6):1392-1399.
[16]姜耀东,潘一山,姜福兴,等.我国煤炭开采中的冲击地压机理和防治[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):205-213.JIANG Yaodong,PAN Yishan,JIANG Fuxing,et al.State of the art review on mechanism and prevention of coal bumps in China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):205-213.
[17]白毅.千秋煤矿21141工作面运输平巷冲击地压发生机理研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2016.
[18]潘俊锋.半孤岛面全煤巷道底板冲击启动原理分析[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(增刊2):332-338.PAN Junfeng.Start-up principium of rock burst in whole coal roadway floor in half-island face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(Sup 2):332-338.
[19]齐立伟.千秋煤矿巨厚砾岩层变形破坏机理及微震监测技术研究[D].焦作:河南理工大学,2012.
[20]焦振华.采动条件下断层损伤滑移演化规律及其诱冲机制研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2017.
[21]陈炎光,陆士良.中国煤矿采场围岩控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1994:53-58.
[22]贺虎,窦林名,巩思园,等.巷道防冲机理及支护控制研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(1):40-44.HE Hu,DOU Linming,GONG Siyuan,et al.Mechanism of rockburst prevention and supporting control technology in roadways[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2010,27(1):40-44.
[23]高明仕,窦林名,严如令,等.冲击煤层巷道锚网支护防冲机理及抗冲震级初算[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(4):402-406.GAO Mingshi,DOU Linming,YAN Ruling,et al.Prevention mechanism of roadway supported by bolt-mesh subjected to rock burst and degree calculation[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2009,26(4):402-406.
[24]许胜铭,李松营,李德翔,等.义马煤田冲击地压发生的地质规律[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(9):2015-2020.XU Shengming,LI Songying,LI Dexiang,et al.Geological laws of rock burst occurrence in Yima coalfield[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(9):2015-2020.
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