淮南舜耕山岩溶塌陷发育特征及形成机理研究
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摘要
淮南市舜耕山地区位于华北板块南缘,岩溶地貌发育且岩溶塌陷地质灾害时有发生,给区内人民生命财产安全带来极大隐患。本文通过对区内碳酸盐岩裸露区和覆盖区岩溶野外地质勘查、岩溶塌陷特征统计、构造及水文地质条件分析,总结本区岩溶塌陷发育机理。结果表明:裸露型碳酸盐岩区岩溶塌陷发育主要受本区多期构造运动以及岩性组合的影响,岩溶塌陷发育构造形迹呈NW向居多,并多发育在可溶岩与非可溶岩界面处,以构造破坏-潜蚀为主;覆盖型碳酸盐岩区岩溶塌陷发育多为地面构筑物增加导致静荷载增加以及矿区强排水诱发的塌陷,以有效应力破坏-真空吸蚀为主。
The Shungeng mountain of Huainan City is located in the southern margin of North China plate. The karst landforms are well developed and the geological hazards of karst collapse occur frequently, which bring great potential disasters to people's life and property in the region. Based on the karst field geological investigation, the statistics of karst collapse characteristics and the analysis of structural geology and hydrogeological conditions in the exposed and cover areas of carbonate rocks in the area, the karst collapse development mechanism in this area is summarized. The results show that the development of karst collapse in the exposed carbonate area is mainly influenced by the multi-phase tectonic movements and lithologic assemblage in this area; and the extension of the karst collapses are mainly in NW direction and most of them are located at the interface between soluble and non-soluble rocks, of which the formation mechanism is mainly structure destruction and underground erosion. The development of karst collapse in covered carbonate rock area is mostly caused by the increase of ground structures, which leads to the increase of static load and the collapse induced by strong drainage in the mining area. The formation mechanism is dominated by effective stress failure and vacuum inhaling corrosion.
The Shungeng mountain of Huainan City is located in the southern margin of North China plate. The karst landforms are well developed and the geological hazards of karst collapse occur frequently, which bring great potential disasters to people's life and property in the region. Based on the karst field geological investigation, the statistics of karst collapse characteristics and the analysis of structural geology and hydrogeological conditions in the exposed and cover areas of carbonate rocks in the area, the karst collapse development mechanism in this area is summarized. The results show that the development of karst collapse in the exposed carbonate area is mainly influenced by the multi-phase tectonic movements and lithologic assemblage in this area; and the extension of the karst collapses are mainly in NW direction and most of them are located at the interface between soluble and non-soluble rocks, of which the formation mechanism is mainly structure destruction and underground erosion. The development of karst collapse in covered carbonate rock area is mostly caused by the increase of ground structures, which leads to the increase of static load and the collapse induced by strong drainage in the mining area. The formation mechanism is dominated by effective stress failure and vacuum inhaling corrosion.
引文
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[2] 王延岭,陈伟清,蒋小珍,等.山东省泰莱盆地岩溶塌陷发育特征及形成机理[J].中国岩溶,2015,34(5):495-506.
[3] 肖明贵.桂林市岩溶塌陷形成机制与危险性预测[D].长春:吉林大学,2005.
[4] 刘鹏瑞,刘长宪,姜超,等.武汉市工程施工引发岩溶塌陷机理分析[J].中国岩溶,2017,36(6):830-835.
[5] 郭强.遵义金塘谷地岩溶塌陷形成机理初步探讨[J].贵州地质,1989(2):163-171.
[6] 徐卫国,赵桂荣.试论岩溶矿区地面塌陷的真空吸蚀作用[J].地质论评,1981,27(2):174-180,183.
[7] 缪钟灵.桂林附近陷落地震分布,形成及特征[J].水文地质工程地质,1998(4):40-43.
[8] 冯佐海,陈南春,韦继武.桂林市柘木岩溶塌陷成因及其分布的基本特征[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1998(3):85-89.
[9] 高培德,王林峰.覆盖型岩溶塌陷的塌陷机制分析[J].中国岩溶,2017,36(6):770-776.
[10] 王宇,王梓溦.岩溶地下水富集的地貌组合形态[J].中国岩溶,2015,34(4):314-324.
[11] 王经明,刘文生,关永强,等.华北煤田陷落柱的地下水内循环形成机理:以峰峰矿区为例[J].中国岩溶,2007,26(1):11-17.
[12] 杨为民,周治安,李智毅.岩溶陷落柱充填特征及活化导水分析[J].中国岩溶,2001,20(4):279-283.
[13] 赵良杰,夏日元,杨杨,等.基于 MODFLOW 的岩溶管道水流模拟方法探讨与应用[J].中国岩溶,2017,36(3):346-351.
[14] 谭周地.构造对岩溶的控制意义[J].长春地质学院学报,1978(2):43-47.
[15] 史晓颖,陈建强,梅仕龙.华北地台东部寒武系层序地层年代格架[J].地学前缘,1997(Z2):165-177.
[16] 祝有海,马丽芳.华北地区下寒武统的划分对比及其沉积演化[J].地质论评,2008,54(6):731-740.
[17] 吴跃东,钟华明.皖南地区奥陶系层序地层学分析[J].现代地质,2002,16(1):45-52.
[18] 曹代勇,高文泰,王昌贤.华北聚煤区南缘(豫皖)逆冲推覆构造带[J].中国矿业大学学报,1991(1):31-38.
[19] 姜波.淮南煤田逆冲叠瓦扇构造系统[J].煤田地质与勘探,1993(6):12-17.
[20] 郑文兴,张琪璋.皖北豫东地区岩溶发育规律的初步认识[J].中国岩溶,1989,8(1):35-42.
[21] 宋传中,朱光,刘国生,等.淮南煤田的构造厘定及动力学控制[J].煤田地质与勘探,2005,33(1):11-15.
[22] 姜波,王桂木梁,高元.安徽省淮南煤田颖凤区推覆构造微观变形特征及其形成机制[J].中国区域地质,1992(1):60-67.
[23] 宋传中,任升莲,李加好,等.华北板块南缘的变形分解:洛南-栾川断裂带与秦岭北缘强变形带研究[J].地学前缘,2009(3):181-189.
[24] 阎长虹,王玉英,罗国煜,等.压性构造对岩溶发育的控制作:以贵州普定地区为例[J].地质论评,2012,54(3):343-347.
[25] 董莹,琚宜文,张玉修,等.北京房山张坊岩溶区节理发育特征及其对岩溶作用的影响[J].中国科学院大学学报,2014,31(6):783-790.
[26] 王祯炜,张朱亚.淮南矿区岩溶发育及地下灰岩水径流特征[J].煤田地质与勘探,1985(6):32-35.
[27] 程广琪,刘登宪,傅先杰,等.淮南煤田北西向断裂与岩溶陷落柱关系研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(10):108-111.
[28] 黎志豪,许光泉,高加林,等.淮南地区构造特征及其对岩溶作用的影响[J].煤田地质与勘探,2018,46(3):121-126.
[29] 黄河,严家平,朴春德.淮南大通浅覆盖岩溶区塌陷分布及土地利用可行性[J].自然灾害学报,2012,21(2):112-117.
[30] 许光泉,沈慧珍.疏降地下水引起地面塌陷浅析:以淮南煤矿区为例[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2004,15(4):67-71.
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