加锚砂岩单轴力学特性及屈曲型岩爆控制机制
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摘要
为探讨锚杆对砂岩屈曲型岩爆的调控作用,开展加锚砂岩的单轴压缩试验,并进行声发射特征监测。研究结果表明:无锚砂岩与加锚砂岩的破坏模式存在差异,无锚试样以张拉破坏为主并伴生剪切破坏,而加锚试样均呈单一斜面剪切破坏;加锚砂岩在加载初期就使系统的能量充分释放。锚杆控制屈曲型岩爆的机制如下:锚杆可发挥出组合梁的整体弯曲效果,使层状岩板向临空面的屈曲变形受到极大限制;加锚砂岩表现为单一剪切破坏,在一定程度上抑制张拉裂纹的产生,不具备劈裂成板的特征,从而破坏屈曲岩爆的孕育过程;加锚砂岩在加载前期就发生比较活跃的声发射活动,使系统能量充分释放,更难于储存弹性应变能,破坏时释放的能量小于无锚试样破坏时释放的能量,加锚砂岩可释放的动能占总能量的比例减小,从而降低屈曲岩爆的孕育能力和发生烈度。
In order to discuss the regulation effect of the rockbolt on controlling the buckling rockburst in sandstone, a series of uniaxial compressive tests were conducted on anchored sandstone rocks, and the acoustic emission characteristics were monitored. The results show that there is a difference between the failure modes of anchorless sandstone and that of anchored sandstone. Unanchored specimens mainly have the tensile failure accompanied by shear failures while anchored specimens have the shear failure with one single slope. The system energy of the anchored sandstone is fully released at the initial stage of loading. The mechanism of controlling the buckling rockbrust by rockbolts is as follows: the anchoring bolt can exert the overall bending effect of the composite beam, which greatly limits the buckling deformation of the layered rock plate to the free surface. The anchored sandstone exhibits a single shear failure, which inhibits the occurrence of the tensile crack to a certain extent, and it has not the characteristics of splitting into plates, so the inoculation process of rockburst under lamination spallation buckling is destroyed. The anchored sandstone has a relative active acoustic emission activity at the early stage of loading, which makes the energy of the system fully release and is more difficult to store the elastic strain energy. The energy released from the anchored specimens during the final damage is less than that from the unanchored specimen. The proportion of the releasable kinetic energy in the total energy for the anchored sandstone is reduced, which therefore reduces the inoculation ability and the intensity of the buckling rockburst.
In order to discuss the regulation effect of the rockbolt on controlling the buckling rockburst in sandstone, a series of uniaxial compressive tests were conducted on anchored sandstone rocks, and the acoustic emission characteristics were monitored. The results show that there is a difference between the failure modes of anchorless sandstone and that of anchored sandstone. Unanchored specimens mainly have the tensile failure accompanied by shear failures while anchored specimens have the shear failure with one single slope. The system energy of the anchored sandstone is fully released at the initial stage of loading. The mechanism of controlling the buckling rockbrust by rockbolts is as follows: the anchoring bolt can exert the overall bending effect of the composite beam, which greatly limits the buckling deformation of the layered rock plate to the free surface. The anchored sandstone exhibits a single shear failure, which inhibits the occurrence of the tensile crack to a certain extent, and it has not the characteristics of splitting into plates, so the inoculation process of rockburst under lamination spallation buckling is destroyed. The anchored sandstone has a relative active acoustic emission activity at the early stage of loading, which makes the energy of the system fully release and is more difficult to store the elastic strain energy. The energy released from the anchored specimens during the final damage is less than that from the unanchored specimen. The proportion of the releasable kinetic energy in the total energy for the anchored sandstone is reduced, which therefore reduces the inoculation ability and the intensity of the buckling rockburst.
引文
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[6]张镜剑,傅冰骏.岩爆及其判据和防治[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2008, 27(10):2034-2042.ZHANG Jingjian, FU Bingjun. Rockburst and its criteria and control[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2008, 27(10):2034-2042.
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[9]左宇军,李夕兵,赵国彦.洞室层裂屈曲岩爆的突变模型[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 36(2):311-316.ZUO Yujun, LI Xibing, ZHAO Guoyan. A catastrophe model for underground chamber rock burst under lamination spallation bucking[J]. Journal of Central South University of Technology(Science and Technology), 2005, 36(2):311-316.
[10]王斌,赵伏军,尹土兵.基于饱水岩石静动力学试验的水防治屈曲型岩爆分析[J].岩土工程学报, 2011, 33(12):1863-1869.WANG Bin, ZHAO Fujun, YIN Tubing. Prevention of buckling rockburst with water based on statics and dynamics experiments on water-saturated rock[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2011, 33(12):1863-1869.
[11]周辉,卢景景,徐荣超,等.深埋硬岩隧洞围岩板裂化破坏研究的关键问题及研究进展[J].岩土力学, 2015, 36(10):2737-2749.ZHOU Hui, LU Jingjing, XU Rongchao, et al. Critical problems of study of slabbing failure of surrounding rock in deep hard rock tunnel and research progress[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2015, 36(10):2737-2749.
[12]宫凤强,罗勇,司雪峰,等.深部圆形隧洞板裂屈曲岩爆的模拟试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2017, 36(7):1634-1648.GONG Fengqiang, LUO Yong, SI Xuefeng, et al.Experimental modelling on rockburst in deep hard rock circular tunnels[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2017, 36(7):1634-1648.
[13]谭云亮,李芳成,周辉,等.冲击地压声发射前兆模式初步研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2000, 19(4):425-428.TAN Yunliang, LI Fangcheng, ZHOU Hui, et al. Analysis on acoustic emission pattern for rock burst[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2000, 19(4):425-428.
[14]杨健,王连俊.岩爆机理声发射试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2005, 24(20):3796-3802.YANG Jian, WANG Lianjun. Study on mechanism of rockburst by acoustic emission testing[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2005, 24(20):3796-3802.
[15] CAI M, MORIOKA H, KAISER P K, et al. Back-analysis of rock mass strength parameters using AE monitoring data[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2007, 44(4):538-549.
[16]苗金丽,何满潮,李德建,等.花岗岩应变岩爆声发射特征及微观断裂机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2009, 28(8):1593-1603.MIAO Jinli, HE Manchao, LI Dejian, et al. Acoustic emission characteristics of granite under strain rockburst test and its micro-fracture mechanism[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2009, 28(8):1593-1603.
[17]张艳博,于光远,田宝柱,等.花岗岩巷道岩爆声发射信号主频特性试验研究[J].岩土力学, 2017, 38(5):1258-1266.ZHANG Yanbo, YU Guangyuan, TIAN Baozhu, et al.Experimental study of acoustic emission signal dominantfrequency characteristics of rockburst in a granite tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2017, 38(5):1258-1266.
[18]周辉,徐荣超,卢景景,等.深埋隧洞板裂化围岩预应力锚杆锚固效应试验研究及机制分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2015, 34(6):1081-1090.ZHOU Hui, XU Rongchao, LU Jingjing, et al. Experimental investigations and mechanism analysis of anchoring effect of pre-stressed bolts for slabbing surrounding rock in deep tunnel[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2015, 34(6):1081-1090.
[19]张建勇,郑富德.锚杆的作用力对锚固体力学性质的影响[J].山西煤炭, 2002, 22(2):9-11.ZHANG Jianyong, ZHENG Fude. Influence of anchor force on mechanical properties of anchorage body[J]. Shanxi Coal, 2002, 22(2):9-11.
[20]陈璐,谭云亮,臧传伟,等.加锚岩石力学性质及破坏特征试验研究[J].岩土力学, 2014, 35(2):413-422.CHEN Lu, TAN Yunliang, ZANG Chuanwei, et al. Test study of mechanical properties and failure characteristics of anchored rock[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2014, 35(2):413-422.
[21]张晓君,林芊君,刘国磊.硬岩层爆及锚杆锚固机制试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2017, 36(10):2365-2372.ZHANG Xiaojun, LIN Qianjun, LIU Guolei. Experimental study on mechanism of stratified burst bolt and anchoring in hard rocks[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2017, 36(10):2365-2372.
[22]陈旭光,张强勇.岩石剪切破坏过程的能量耗散和释放研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报, 2010, 27(2):179-184.CHEN Xuguang, ZHANG Qiangyong. Research on the energy dissipation and release in the process of rock shear failure[J]. Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering, 2010,27(2):179-184.
[2] WANG J A, PARK H D. Comprehensive prediction of rockburst based on analysis of strain energy in rocks[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2001,16(1):49-57.
[3]蔡美峰,王金安,王双红.玲珑金矿深部开采岩体能量分析与岩爆综合预测[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2001, 20(1):38-42.CAI Meifeng, WANG Jinan, WANG Shuanghong. Analysis on energy distribution and prediction of rock burst during deep mining excavation in linglong gold mine[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2001, 20(1):38-42.
[4]冯夏庭,张传庆,陈炳瑞,等.岩爆孕育过程的动态调控[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2012, 31(10):1983-1997.FENG Xiating, ZHANG Chuanqing, CHEN Bingrui, et al.Dynamical control of rockburst evolution process[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2012,31(10):1983-1997.
[5]吴文平,冯夏庭,张传庆,等.深埋硬岩隧洞系统砂浆锚杆的加固机制与加固效果模拟方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2012, 31(S1):2711-2721.WU Wenping, ENG Xiating, ZHANG Chuanqing, et al.Reinforcing mechanism and simulating method for reinforcing effects of systemically grouted bolts in deepburied hard rock tunnels[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2012, 31(S1):2711-2721.
[6]张镜剑,傅冰骏.岩爆及其判据和防治[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2008, 27(10):2034-2042.ZHANG Jingjian, FU Bingjun. Rockburst and its criteria and control[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2008, 27(10):2034-2042.
[7] ORTLEPP W D, STACEY T R. Rockburst mechanisms in tunnels and shafts[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 1994, 9(1):59-65.
[8]冯涛,潘长良.洞室岩爆机理的层裂屈曲模型[J].中国有色金属学报, 2000, 10(2):287-290.FENG Tao, PAN Changliang. Lamination spallation buckling model for formation mechanism of rockburst[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2000, 10(2):287-290.
[9]左宇军,李夕兵,赵国彦.洞室层裂屈曲岩爆的突变模型[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 36(2):311-316.ZUO Yujun, LI Xibing, ZHAO Guoyan. A catastrophe model for underground chamber rock burst under lamination spallation bucking[J]. Journal of Central South University of Technology(Science and Technology), 2005, 36(2):311-316.
[10]王斌,赵伏军,尹土兵.基于饱水岩石静动力学试验的水防治屈曲型岩爆分析[J].岩土工程学报, 2011, 33(12):1863-1869.WANG Bin, ZHAO Fujun, YIN Tubing. Prevention of buckling rockburst with water based on statics and dynamics experiments on water-saturated rock[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2011, 33(12):1863-1869.
[11]周辉,卢景景,徐荣超,等.深埋硬岩隧洞围岩板裂化破坏研究的关键问题及研究进展[J].岩土力学, 2015, 36(10):2737-2749.ZHOU Hui, LU Jingjing, XU Rongchao, et al. Critical problems of study of slabbing failure of surrounding rock in deep hard rock tunnel and research progress[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2015, 36(10):2737-2749.
[12]宫凤强,罗勇,司雪峰,等.深部圆形隧洞板裂屈曲岩爆的模拟试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2017, 36(7):1634-1648.GONG Fengqiang, LUO Yong, SI Xuefeng, et al.Experimental modelling on rockburst in deep hard rock circular tunnels[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2017, 36(7):1634-1648.
[13]谭云亮,李芳成,周辉,等.冲击地压声发射前兆模式初步研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2000, 19(4):425-428.TAN Yunliang, LI Fangcheng, ZHOU Hui, et al. Analysis on acoustic emission pattern for rock burst[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2000, 19(4):425-428.
[14]杨健,王连俊.岩爆机理声发射试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2005, 24(20):3796-3802.YANG Jian, WANG Lianjun. Study on mechanism of rockburst by acoustic emission testing[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2005, 24(20):3796-3802.
[15] CAI M, MORIOKA H, KAISER P K, et al. Back-analysis of rock mass strength parameters using AE monitoring data[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2007, 44(4):538-549.
[16]苗金丽,何满潮,李德建,等.花岗岩应变岩爆声发射特征及微观断裂机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2009, 28(8):1593-1603.MIAO Jinli, HE Manchao, LI Dejian, et al. Acoustic emission characteristics of granite under strain rockburst test and its micro-fracture mechanism[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2009, 28(8):1593-1603.
[17]张艳博,于光远,田宝柱,等.花岗岩巷道岩爆声发射信号主频特性试验研究[J].岩土力学, 2017, 38(5):1258-1266.ZHANG Yanbo, YU Guangyuan, TIAN Baozhu, et al.Experimental study of acoustic emission signal dominantfrequency characteristics of rockburst in a granite tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2017, 38(5):1258-1266.
[18]周辉,徐荣超,卢景景,等.深埋隧洞板裂化围岩预应力锚杆锚固效应试验研究及机制分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2015, 34(6):1081-1090.ZHOU Hui, XU Rongchao, LU Jingjing, et al. Experimental investigations and mechanism analysis of anchoring effect of pre-stressed bolts for slabbing surrounding rock in deep tunnel[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2015, 34(6):1081-1090.
[19]张建勇,郑富德.锚杆的作用力对锚固体力学性质的影响[J].山西煤炭, 2002, 22(2):9-11.ZHANG Jianyong, ZHENG Fude. Influence of anchor force on mechanical properties of anchorage body[J]. Shanxi Coal, 2002, 22(2):9-11.
[20]陈璐,谭云亮,臧传伟,等.加锚岩石力学性质及破坏特征试验研究[J].岩土力学, 2014, 35(2):413-422.CHEN Lu, TAN Yunliang, ZANG Chuanwei, et al. Test study of mechanical properties and failure characteristics of anchored rock[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2014, 35(2):413-422.
[21]张晓君,林芊君,刘国磊.硬岩层爆及锚杆锚固机制试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2017, 36(10):2365-2372.ZHANG Xiaojun, LIN Qianjun, LIU Guolei. Experimental study on mechanism of stratified burst bolt and anchoring in hard rocks[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2017, 36(10):2365-2372.
[22]陈旭光,张强勇.岩石剪切破坏过程的能量耗散和释放研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报, 2010, 27(2):179-184.CHEN Xuguang, ZHANG Qiangyong. Research on the energy dissipation and release in the process of rock shear failure[J]. Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering, 2010,27(2):179-184.
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