加拿大Alberta盆地下白垩统油砂沉积特征分析及隔夹层识别
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摘要
加拿大Alberta盆地下白垩统油砂储量巨大,但基于泥质含量对油砂开展的沉积相划分不能准确预测储层与隔夹层分布,难以指导油田开发。本文以多口取心井岩心描述为基础,结合测井资料,对研究区下白垩统油砂的沉积特征和隔夹层类型进行了研究,将油砂层段划分为潟湖、潮汐影响的曲流河、潮坪和正常海相等4种沉积相,进一步划分为8种沉积亚相、20余种沉积微相,并对每种沉积微相的测井响应、孔隙性及含油性进行了精细分析。研究认为,研究区潟湖内可形成滩坝砂岩-泥岩储盖组合,砂岩内基本无隔夹层;在潮汐影响的曲流河、潮坪及海相泥岩储盖组合中,曲流砂坝、低潮砂岩、潮道砂岩为主要储层,可以识别出3类8种隔夹层,即强隔层(包括弱改造河漫、河道侧翼、高潮泥岩)、弱隔层(包括中改造河漫、中潮层理状砂岩)和夹层(包括强改造河漫、曲流砂坝中的泥砾、滞留沉积体)。通过测井曲线上不同沉积相带及隔夹层类型的识别,可为研究区无取心井的测井曲线沉积微相分析奠定基础,据此建立的沉积模式对于指导油田开发、提高储层与隔夹层预测精度具有重要意义。
The Lower Cretaceous oil sand reserves in the Alberta basin of Canada are huge, but the sedimentary facies division for oil sand on the basis of shale content cannot accurately predict the distribution of reservoirs and interlayers; it is difficult to guide the oilfield development. Based on the cores description from multiple coring wells and combined with the logging data, this paper studies the sedimentary characteristics and interlayer types of the Lower Cretaceous oil sands in the study area, and divides the oil sand layers into four sedimentary facies, such as the lagoon, tide affecting meandering river, tidal flat and normal sea, which can be further divided into eight sedimentary subfacies and more than 20 sedimentary microfacies. The logging response, porosity and oil content of each sedimentary microfacies are analyzed. According to the study, the beach dam sandstone-mudstone reservoir-caprock combination can be formed in the lagoon of the study area, and there is no interlayer in the sandstone. Among the reservoir-caprock combinations of tide affecting?meandering river, tidal flat and marine mudstone, the meandering sand dam, low tide sandstone and tidal channel sandstone are the main reservoirs, and three categories(8 types) of interlayers can be identified, namely, the strong interlayers(including weak flood transformation, channel flank, high tide mudstone), weak interlayers(including medium flood transformation, middle tidal bedded sandstone) and interbeds(including strong flood transformation, gravel in the meandering sand dam, retained sediment). Through the identification of different sedimentary facies and interlayer types on the logging curves, it lays a foundation for analyzing the sedimentary microfacies of wells free of cores in the study area. The sedimentary model established by this method can be of great significance in guiding oilfield development and improving the prediction accuracy of reservoirs and interlayers.
The Lower Cretaceous oil sand reserves in the Alberta basin of Canada are huge, but the sedimentary facies division for oil sand on the basis of shale content cannot accurately predict the distribution of reservoirs and interlayers; it is difficult to guide the oilfield development. Based on the cores description from multiple coring wells and combined with the logging data, this paper studies the sedimentary characteristics and interlayer types of the Lower Cretaceous oil sands in the study area, and divides the oil sand layers into four sedimentary facies, such as the lagoon, tide affecting meandering river, tidal flat and normal sea, which can be further divided into eight sedimentary subfacies and more than 20 sedimentary microfacies. The logging response, porosity and oil content of each sedimentary microfacies are analyzed. According to the study, the beach dam sandstone-mudstone reservoir-caprock combination can be formed in the lagoon of the study area, and there is no interlayer in the sandstone. Among the reservoir-caprock combinations of tide affecting?meandering river, tidal flat and marine mudstone, the meandering sand dam, low tide sandstone and tidal channel sandstone are the main reservoirs, and three categories(8 types) of interlayers can be identified, namely, the strong interlayers(including weak flood transformation, channel flank, high tide mudstone), weak interlayers(including medium flood transformation, middle tidal bedded sandstone) and interbeds(including strong flood transformation, gravel in the meandering sand dam, retained sediment). Through the identification of different sedimentary facies and interlayer types on the logging curves, it lays a foundation for analyzing the sedimentary microfacies of wells free of cores in the study area. The sedimentary model established by this method can be of great significance in guiding oilfield development and improving the prediction accuracy of reservoirs and interlayers.
引文
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[2] 孙桂华,邱燕,彭学超,等.加拿大油砂资源油气地质特征及投资前景分析[J].国外油田工程,2009,25(3):1-3.SUN Guihua,QIU Yan,PENG Xuechao,et al.Geological characteristics and interest prospect analysis of Canadian oil sands[J].Foreign Oilfield Engineering,2009,25(3):1-3.
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[4] 赵鹏飞,王勇,李志明,等.加拿大阿尔伯达盆地油砂开发状况和评价实践[J].地质科技情报,2013,32(1):155-162.ZHAO Pengfei,WANG Yong,LI Zhiming,et al.Oil sand development status and evaluation practice in Alberta Basin,Canada[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2013,32(1):155-162.
[5] HEIN F J,COTTERILL D K.The Athabasca oil sands—A regional geological perspective,Fort McMurray Area,Alberta,Canada[J].Natural Resources Research,2006,15(2):85-102.
[6] JIMENEZ J.The field performance of SAGD projects in Canada[C].International Petroleum Technology Conference,Kualalampur,2008.
[7] ZHOU Y,XI C,WU J.Effect of barriers on the SAGD Performance result[C].Beijing:SPE,2013.
[8] POOLADI D M,MATTAR L.SAGD operations in the presence of overlying gas cap and water layer;effect of shale layers[J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,2002,41(6):40-51.
[9] HALL M.Lithofacies prediction from seismic,one step at a time:An example from the McMurray Formation Bitumen reservoir at Surmont[C].Calgary:CSPG,2009.
[10] LAJEVARDI S,BABAK O,DEUTSCH C V.Estimating barrier shale extent and optimizing well placement in heavy oil reservoirs[J].Petroleum Geoscience,2015,21(4):322-332.
[11] RANGER M J,PEMBERTON S G.Elements of a stratigraphic framework for the McMurray Formation in South Athabasca area,Alberta[J].Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists,1997,18:263-291.
[12] 赵鹏飞,周改英,王勇,等.加拿大Orange项目评价技术研究报告[R].北京:中海石油(中国)有限公司北京研究中心,2011.ZHAO Pengfei,ZHOU Gaiying,WANG Yong,et al.Canadian Orange program evaluation technology research report[R].Beijing:CNOOC Research Center,2011.
[13] CANT D J.Sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic organization of a Foreland Clastic Wedge,Mannville Group,Western Canada Basin[J].SEPM Journal of Sedimentary Research,1996,66(6):1137-1147.
[14] MONGER J W H.Tectonic accretion and origin of the two major metamorphic and plutonic welts in the Canadian Cordillera[J].Geology,1982,10:70-75.
[15] LANGENBERG,C W.Seismic modeling of fluvial-estuarine deposits in the Athabasca oil sands using ray-tracing techniques,Steepbank River area,northeastern Alberta[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,2002,50(1):178-204.
[16] PEACOCK M J.Athabasca oil sands:Reservoir characterization and its impact on thermal and mining opportunities[C].Geological Society,London,Petroleum Geology Conference series,2011(7),1141-1150,https://doi.org/10.1144/0071141.
[17] 朱筱敏.沉积岩石学.第4版[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008.ZHU Xiaomin.Sedimentary petrology,The 4th Edition[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008.
[18] FULTHORPE C S,CAMOIN G,MILLER K G,et al.Pre-Quaternary sea-level changes:Records and processes[J].Basin Research,2008,20(1):161-162.
[19] 袁红军.东营凹陷博兴洼陷滨浅湖相滩坝砂岩储层预测[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(4):497-503.YUAN Hongjun.Prediction of beach bar sand reservoirs of shore-shallow lake facies in Boxing subsag of Dongying sag[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2007,28(4):497-503.
[20] MUSIAL G,REYNAUD J Y,GINGRAS M K,et al.Subsurface and outcrop characterization of large tidally influenced point bars of the Cretaceous McMurray Formation (Alberta,Canada)[J].Sedimentary Geology,2012,279(9):156-172.
[21] 柳成志,张雁,单敬福.砂岩储层隔夹层的形成机理及分布特征:以萨中地区PI2小层曲流河河道砂岩为例[J].天然气工业,2006,26(7):15-17.LIU Chengzhi,ZHANG Yan,SHAN Jingfu.Genetic mechanism and distribution features of barriers and baffles in sandstone reservoir[J].Nature Gas Industry,2006,26(7):15-17.
[22] 王旭影,姜在兴,岳大力,等.河控三角洲河口坝储层内部隔夹层分布样式研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(2):9-17.WANG Xuying,JIANG Zaixing,YUE Dali,et al.Patterns of barrier-interlayers in mouth bar of fluvial dominated delta reservoirs[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Science & Technology Edition),2017,39(2):9-17.
[23] 束青林.孤岛油田馆陶组河流相储层隔夹层成因研究[J].石油学报,2006,27(3):104-107.SHU Qinglin.Interlayer characterization of fluvial reservoir in Guantao Formation of Gudao Oilfield[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(3):104-107.
[24] 陈海莲.哈得逊油田东河砂岩井间隔夹层测井预测方法研究[D].北京:中国石油大学(北京),2013.CHEN Hailian.Research on the prediction method of interwell interlayer in Donghe sandstone of Hudson Oilfield[D].Beijing:China University of Petroleum,2013.
[25] 何香香.哈得逊地区东河砂岩测井资料隔夹层识别[J].海洋石油,2012,32(4):70-74.HE Xiangxiang.Identification on interbedded layers among Donghe sandstones in Hadexun district with well logging data[J].Offshore Oil,2012,32(4):70-74.
[26] 刘超,李云鹏,刘宗宾,等.渤海湾盆地S油田三角洲相储层隔夹层及剩余油挖潜研究[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,32(3):26-33.LIU Chao,LI Yunpeng,LIU Zongbin,et al.Research on interlayers and remaining oil of delta facies reservoir in S oilfield,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University( Natural Science Edition),2017,32(3):26-33.
[27] 甘立琴,苏进昌,谢岳,等.曲流河储层隔夹层研究:以秦皇岛32-6油田为例[J].岩性油气藏,2017,29(6):128-134.GAN Liqin,SU Jinchang,XIE Yue,et al.Interlayers of meandering river reservoir:A case from Qinhuangdao 32-6 oilfield[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(6):128-134.
[2] 孙桂华,邱燕,彭学超,等.加拿大油砂资源油气地质特征及投资前景分析[J].国外油田工程,2009,25(3):1-3.SUN Guihua,QIU Yan,PENG Xuechao,et al.Geological characteristics and interest prospect analysis of Canadian oil sands[J].Foreign Oilfield Engineering,2009,25(3):1-3.
[3] 王健,谢华锋,王骏.加拿大油砂资源开采技术及前景展望[J].特种油气藏,2011,18(5):16-20.WANG Jian,XIE Huafeng,WANG Jun.Canadian oil sands recovery technology and future outlook[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2011,18(5):16-20.
[4] 赵鹏飞,王勇,李志明,等.加拿大阿尔伯达盆地油砂开发状况和评价实践[J].地质科技情报,2013,32(1):155-162.ZHAO Pengfei,WANG Yong,LI Zhiming,et al.Oil sand development status and evaluation practice in Alberta Basin,Canada[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2013,32(1):155-162.
[5] HEIN F J,COTTERILL D K.The Athabasca oil sands—A regional geological perspective,Fort McMurray Area,Alberta,Canada[J].Natural Resources Research,2006,15(2):85-102.
[6] JIMENEZ J.The field performance of SAGD projects in Canada[C].International Petroleum Technology Conference,Kualalampur,2008.
[7] ZHOU Y,XI C,WU J.Effect of barriers on the SAGD Performance result[C].Beijing:SPE,2013.
[8] POOLADI D M,MATTAR L.SAGD operations in the presence of overlying gas cap and water layer;effect of shale layers[J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,2002,41(6):40-51.
[9] HALL M.Lithofacies prediction from seismic,one step at a time:An example from the McMurray Formation Bitumen reservoir at Surmont[C].Calgary:CSPG,2009.
[10] LAJEVARDI S,BABAK O,DEUTSCH C V.Estimating barrier shale extent and optimizing well placement in heavy oil reservoirs[J].Petroleum Geoscience,2015,21(4):322-332.
[11] RANGER M J,PEMBERTON S G.Elements of a stratigraphic framework for the McMurray Formation in South Athabasca area,Alberta[J].Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists,1997,18:263-291.
[12] 赵鹏飞,周改英,王勇,等.加拿大Orange项目评价技术研究报告[R].北京:中海石油(中国)有限公司北京研究中心,2011.ZHAO Pengfei,ZHOU Gaiying,WANG Yong,et al.Canadian Orange program evaluation technology research report[R].Beijing:CNOOC Research Center,2011.
[13] CANT D J.Sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic organization of a Foreland Clastic Wedge,Mannville Group,Western Canada Basin[J].SEPM Journal of Sedimentary Research,1996,66(6):1137-1147.
[14] MONGER J W H.Tectonic accretion and origin of the two major metamorphic and plutonic welts in the Canadian Cordillera[J].Geology,1982,10:70-75.
[15] LANGENBERG,C W.Seismic modeling of fluvial-estuarine deposits in the Athabasca oil sands using ray-tracing techniques,Steepbank River area,northeastern Alberta[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,2002,50(1):178-204.
[16] PEACOCK M J.Athabasca oil sands:Reservoir characterization and its impact on thermal and mining opportunities[C].Geological Society,London,Petroleum Geology Conference series,2011(7),1141-1150,https://doi.org/10.1144/0071141.
[17] 朱筱敏.沉积岩石学.第4版[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008.ZHU Xiaomin.Sedimentary petrology,The 4th Edition[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008.
[18] FULTHORPE C S,CAMOIN G,MILLER K G,et al.Pre-Quaternary sea-level changes:Records and processes[J].Basin Research,2008,20(1):161-162.
[19] 袁红军.东营凹陷博兴洼陷滨浅湖相滩坝砂岩储层预测[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(4):497-503.YUAN Hongjun.Prediction of beach bar sand reservoirs of shore-shallow lake facies in Boxing subsag of Dongying sag[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2007,28(4):497-503.
[20] MUSIAL G,REYNAUD J Y,GINGRAS M K,et al.Subsurface and outcrop characterization of large tidally influenced point bars of the Cretaceous McMurray Formation (Alberta,Canada)[J].Sedimentary Geology,2012,279(9):156-172.
[21] 柳成志,张雁,单敬福.砂岩储层隔夹层的形成机理及分布特征:以萨中地区PI2小层曲流河河道砂岩为例[J].天然气工业,2006,26(7):15-17.LIU Chengzhi,ZHANG Yan,SHAN Jingfu.Genetic mechanism and distribution features of barriers and baffles in sandstone reservoir[J].Nature Gas Industry,2006,26(7):15-17.
[22] 王旭影,姜在兴,岳大力,等.河控三角洲河口坝储层内部隔夹层分布样式研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(2):9-17.WANG Xuying,JIANG Zaixing,YUE Dali,et al.Patterns of barrier-interlayers in mouth bar of fluvial dominated delta reservoirs[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Science & Technology Edition),2017,39(2):9-17.
[23] 束青林.孤岛油田馆陶组河流相储层隔夹层成因研究[J].石油学报,2006,27(3):104-107.SHU Qinglin.Interlayer characterization of fluvial reservoir in Guantao Formation of Gudao Oilfield[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(3):104-107.
[24] 陈海莲.哈得逊油田东河砂岩井间隔夹层测井预测方法研究[D].北京:中国石油大学(北京),2013.CHEN Hailian.Research on the prediction method of interwell interlayer in Donghe sandstone of Hudson Oilfield[D].Beijing:China University of Petroleum,2013.
[25] 何香香.哈得逊地区东河砂岩测井资料隔夹层识别[J].海洋石油,2012,32(4):70-74.HE Xiangxiang.Identification on interbedded layers among Donghe sandstones in Hadexun district with well logging data[J].Offshore Oil,2012,32(4):70-74.
[26] 刘超,李云鹏,刘宗宾,等.渤海湾盆地S油田三角洲相储层隔夹层及剩余油挖潜研究[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,32(3):26-33.LIU Chao,LI Yunpeng,LIU Zongbin,et al.Research on interlayers and remaining oil of delta facies reservoir in S oilfield,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University( Natural Science Edition),2017,32(3):26-33.
[27] 甘立琴,苏进昌,谢岳,等.曲流河储层隔夹层研究:以秦皇岛32-6油田为例[J].岩性油气藏,2017,29(6):128-134.GAN Liqin,SU Jinchang,XIE Yue,et al.Interlayers of meandering river reservoir:A case from Qinhuangdao 32-6 oilfield[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(6):128-134.
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