边坡俯倾排水孔负压排水法研究
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摘要
实时排出坡体地下水可减少降雨诱发型滑坡灾害的发生。仰斜排水孔是滑坡治理中常用的排水方法,但排水孔的淤堵问题影响了排水的效果,其使用的耐久性也得不到保证。论文提出一种俯倾排水孔负压排水法,将钻孔分为下部透水孔段和上部注浆封闭孔段,中间使用止浆体分隔,虹吸排水管穿过注浆封闭孔段进入透水孔段的底部。当坡内地下水位上升,引起排水管进水口的水头高程大于钻孔的孔口高程时,虹吸排水自然启动并在透水孔段内产生负压,从而加快排水速度。负压排水过程的抽吸作用可将孔内淤积物排出,而封闭孔段将钻孔透水孔段与大气隔离,有利于解决化学淤堵问题和生物淤堵问题。论文首先定性分析了该方法的作用原理和应用可行性,再在恒定水头条件下,进行了负压和排水能力的物理模型试验。试验表明:(1)排水过程可以产生必要的孔内负压条件;(2)排水一段时间后,透水空腔内的压强值不再变化,排水流量基本稳定;(3)增大排水管径或增大排水口与透水空腔高差,可使透水空腔内产生更大的负压值,从而提高排水效果。因此该方法是一种新型有效的排水方法,有较好的工程应用价值。
Draining slope groundwater in real time can reduce the occurrence of landslides. The inclined drainage hole is an important method for landslide treatment. However,the clogging problem of the method restricts the effect of drainage,and the durability is not guaranteed. This paper proposes a negative pressure drainage technique for the downdip drainage hole. The lower part of hole is a permeable hole section,and the upper part is a grouting closed hole section. A slurry stopper is provided between the permeable hole section and the grouting closed hole section.The siphon pipe is placed at the bottom of the permeable hole section through the grouting closed hole section.When the water level in the slope rises and the water head height of the drain inlet is greater than the height of the borehole orifice,the siphon drainage starts naturally under the effect of height difference,resulting in the generation of the vacuum pressure in the permeable hole section,and thus the drainage rate is accelerated. The suction effect of the negative pressure drainage can discharge the silt in the hole. Moreover,the closed hole section isolates the water-air connection between the permeable hole section and the atmosphere,which is helpful to solve the problems of chemical and biological clogging. In this study,the principle and application feasibility of the proposed method is qualitatively analyzed. In addition,the physical model test of negative pressure and drainage capacity under constant head conditions is carried out. The model test material is fine sand. The results demonstrate that:( 1) The drainage process can produce the necessary negative pressure conditions in the hole.( 2) After draining for a period of time,the pressure value in the permeable cavity no longer changes,and the drainage flow is basically stable.( 3) Increasing the diameter of the drainage pipe or the height difference between the drain outlet and the permeable cavity can generate a larger negative pressure value in the permeable cavity,thereby improving the drainage effect.Therefore,the proposed method is a new and effective drainage method and has a good engineering application value.
Draining slope groundwater in real time can reduce the occurrence of landslides. The inclined drainage hole is an important method for landslide treatment. However,the clogging problem of the method restricts the effect of drainage,and the durability is not guaranteed. This paper proposes a negative pressure drainage technique for the downdip drainage hole. The lower part of hole is a permeable hole section,and the upper part is a grouting closed hole section. A slurry stopper is provided between the permeable hole section and the grouting closed hole section.The siphon pipe is placed at the bottom of the permeable hole section through the grouting closed hole section.When the water level in the slope rises and the water head height of the drain inlet is greater than the height of the borehole orifice,the siphon drainage starts naturally under the effect of height difference,resulting in the generation of the vacuum pressure in the permeable hole section,and thus the drainage rate is accelerated. The suction effect of the negative pressure drainage can discharge the silt in the hole. Moreover,the closed hole section isolates the water-air connection between the permeable hole section and the atmosphere,which is helpful to solve the problems of chemical and biological clogging. In this study,the principle and application feasibility of the proposed method is qualitatively analyzed. In addition,the physical model test of negative pressure and drainage capacity under constant head conditions is carried out. The model test material is fine sand. The results demonstrate that:( 1) The drainage process can produce the necessary negative pressure conditions in the hole.( 2) After draining for a period of time,the pressure value in the permeable cavity no longer changes,and the drainage flow is basically stable.( 3) Increasing the diameter of the drainage pipe or the height difference between the drain outlet and the permeable cavity can generate a larger negative pressure value in the permeable cavity,thereby improving the drainage effect.Therefore,the proposed method is a new and effective drainage method and has a good engineering application value.
引文
Ding P Z,Zhou M,Zhang W,et al.2016.Application of removable filters in drainage wells[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,38(S1):94-98.
Dou H Q,Han T C,Gong X N,et al.2015.Effects of the spatial variability of permeability on rainfall-induced landslides[J].Engineering Geology,192:92-100.
Jie Y X,Zhou S B,Guo Z H,et al.2018.Centrifuge model tests and strength reduction method for influence of bench arrangement on stability of reinforced slopes[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,26(5):1178-1187.
Li S G,Huang D,Shi L,et al.2018.Numerical modeling of the evolution of slope failure using the limit strain criterion and dynamic strength reduction method[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,26(5):1227-1236.
Mizal-Azzmi N,Mohd-Noor N,Jamaludin N.2011.Geotechnical approaches for slope stabilization in residential area[J].Procedia Engineering,20(3):474-482.
Muhammad Mukhlisin.2016.Study of horizontal drain effect on slope stability[J].Journal of the Geological Society of India,87(4):483-490.
Qi X,Xu Q,Peng D L,et al.2017.Mechanism of gradual retreat loess landslide caused by groundwater:A case study of the irrigation loess landslide in Heifangtai,Gansu province[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,25(1):147-153.
Rodríguez-Peces M J,Azaón J M,García-Mayordomo J,et al.2013.Effectiveness of deep drainage wells as a slope stabilization measure:The reactivation of the diezma landslide(Southern Spain)[M]∥Landslide Science and Practice.Springer Berlin Heidelberg:623-630.
Shang Y Q,Cai Y L,Wei Z L,et al.2015.Siphon drainage method for landslide prevention[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,23(4):706-711.
Sun H C,Wu B X,Wang Y L.1990.Experimental study on the physicochemical clogging of drainage well in Jingjiang dyke[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,(5):15-17.
Tang X S,Zheng Y R,Liu L,et al.2010.Application of horizontal drain holes in the engineering control of bank slope[J].Journal of Chongqing University,33(4):80-87.
Tian Q Y,LüJ B,Hao Z Y.2015.Analysis of drainage clogging on highway slope and research on application of new-type upward inclined drainage hole[J].Subgrade Engineering,(6):103-106.
Tian Q Y,Qian N G,Hao Z Y.2016.Test and research on mechanical clogging of new type draining hole of highway side slope[J].Highway,(7):39-44.
Tsao T M,Wang M K,Chen M C,et al.2005.A case study of the pore water pressure fluctuation on the slip surface using horizontal borehole works on drainage well[J].Engineering Geology,78(1):105-118.
Wu C Y,Zhang W,Sun H C.2005.Present situation on relief-well mechanism research[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,22(2):60-62.
Wu L Z,Zhou Y,Sun P,et al.2017.Laboratory characterization of rainfall-induced loess slope failure[J].Catena,150:1-8.
Yang Z F,Zhang L Q,Zhu J W.2005.Four new techniques in slope reinforcement[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,24(21):3828-3834.
Yang Z H.1990.Application of horizontal drain holes in the engineering control of slope[J].Exploration Engineering,(5):63-65.
Zhang J F,Zhang W,Li S S.2006.Clogging mechanism and treatment measures for relief wells in dyke engineering[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,23(5):24-28.
Zhang X R,Yin K L,Xia H,et al.2017.Influence of permeability coefficient and reservoir water level fluctuation on Xiaping landslide stability[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,25(2):488-495.
Zhou Y T,Chen H K,Zhang Y,et al.2016.Failure of super-huge landslide in collapsed debris deposits with nearly horizontal sliding surface induced by excess pore water pressure[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,24(5):732-740.
Zhu Z W,Wang H,Zhang P.2010.Application of three-dimensional drainage and deep soil displacement monitoring technology in landslide control[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,22(1):21-23.
Zingg S,Anagnostou G.2018.Tunnel face stability and the effectiveness of advance drainage measures in water-bearing ground of nonuniform permeability[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,51(1):187-202.
定培中,周密,张伟,等.2016.可拆换过滤器在排水管井中的应用[J].岩土工程学报,38(S1):94-98.
介玉新,周诗博,郭政豪,等.2018.平台分级对加筋土边坡稳定性的影响研究[J].工程地质学报,26(5):1178-1187.
李世贵,黄达,石林,等.2018.基于极限应变判据-动态局部强度折减的边坡破坏演化数值模拟[J].工程地质学报,26(5):1227-1236.
亓星,许强,彭大雷,等.2017.地下水诱发渐进后退式黄土滑坡成因机理研究——以甘肃黑方台灌溉型黄土滑坡为例[J].工程地质学报,25(1):147-153.
尚岳全,蔡岳良,魏振磊,等.2015.滑坡虹吸排水方法[J].工程地质学报,23(4):706-711.
孙厚才,伍碧秀,王幼麟.1990.荆江大堤减压井物理化学淤堵试验研究[J].水文地质工程地质,(5):15-17.
唐晓松,郑颖人,刘亮,等.2010.水平排水孔在岸坡治理工程中的应用[J].重庆大学学报:自然科学版,33(4):80-87.
田卿燕,吕建兵,郝钟钰.2015.公路边坡排水淤堵分析及新型仰斜排水孔应用研究[J].路基工程,(6):103-106.
田卿燕,钱尼贵,郝钟钰.2016.公路边坡新型仰斜排水孔机械淤堵室内试验研究[J].公路,(7):39-44.
吴昌瑜,张伟,孙厚才.2005.减压井淤堵机理研究现状[J].长江科学院院报,22(2):60-62.
杨志法,张路青,祝介旺.2005.4项边坡加固新技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,24(21):3828-3834.
杨志豪.1990.水平排水孔在滑坡治理工程中的应用[J].探矿工程,(5):63-65.
张家发,张伟,李思慎.2006.堤防工程减压井淤堵及其应对措施研究[J].长江科学院院报,23(5):24-28.
张夏冉,殷坤龙,夏辉,等.2017.渗透系数与库水位升降对下坪滑坡稳定性的影响研究[J].工程地质学报,25(2):488-495.
周云涛,陈洪凯,张勇,等.2016.超孔隙水压诱发特大型近水平崩坡积层滑坡破坏研究[J].工程地质学报,24(5):732-740.
朱正武,王虎,张鹏.2010.三维排水与深层土体位移监测技术在滑坡治理中的运用[J].西部探矿工程,22(1):21-23.
Dou H Q,Han T C,Gong X N,et al.2015.Effects of the spatial variability of permeability on rainfall-induced landslides[J].Engineering Geology,192:92-100.
Jie Y X,Zhou S B,Guo Z H,et al.2018.Centrifuge model tests and strength reduction method for influence of bench arrangement on stability of reinforced slopes[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,26(5):1178-1187.
Li S G,Huang D,Shi L,et al.2018.Numerical modeling of the evolution of slope failure using the limit strain criterion and dynamic strength reduction method[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,26(5):1227-1236.
Mizal-Azzmi N,Mohd-Noor N,Jamaludin N.2011.Geotechnical approaches for slope stabilization in residential area[J].Procedia Engineering,20(3):474-482.
Muhammad Mukhlisin.2016.Study of horizontal drain effect on slope stability[J].Journal of the Geological Society of India,87(4):483-490.
Qi X,Xu Q,Peng D L,et al.2017.Mechanism of gradual retreat loess landslide caused by groundwater:A case study of the irrigation loess landslide in Heifangtai,Gansu province[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,25(1):147-153.
Rodríguez-Peces M J,Azaón J M,García-Mayordomo J,et al.2013.Effectiveness of deep drainage wells as a slope stabilization measure:The reactivation of the diezma landslide(Southern Spain)[M]∥Landslide Science and Practice.Springer Berlin Heidelberg:623-630.
Shang Y Q,Cai Y L,Wei Z L,et al.2015.Siphon drainage method for landslide prevention[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,23(4):706-711.
Sun H C,Wu B X,Wang Y L.1990.Experimental study on the physicochemical clogging of drainage well in Jingjiang dyke[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,(5):15-17.
Tang X S,Zheng Y R,Liu L,et al.2010.Application of horizontal drain holes in the engineering control of bank slope[J].Journal of Chongqing University,33(4):80-87.
Tian Q Y,LüJ B,Hao Z Y.2015.Analysis of drainage clogging on highway slope and research on application of new-type upward inclined drainage hole[J].Subgrade Engineering,(6):103-106.
Tian Q Y,Qian N G,Hao Z Y.2016.Test and research on mechanical clogging of new type draining hole of highway side slope[J].Highway,(7):39-44.
Tsao T M,Wang M K,Chen M C,et al.2005.A case study of the pore water pressure fluctuation on the slip surface using horizontal borehole works on drainage well[J].Engineering Geology,78(1):105-118.
Wu C Y,Zhang W,Sun H C.2005.Present situation on relief-well mechanism research[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,22(2):60-62.
Wu L Z,Zhou Y,Sun P,et al.2017.Laboratory characterization of rainfall-induced loess slope failure[J].Catena,150:1-8.
Yang Z F,Zhang L Q,Zhu J W.2005.Four new techniques in slope reinforcement[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,24(21):3828-3834.
Yang Z H.1990.Application of horizontal drain holes in the engineering control of slope[J].Exploration Engineering,(5):63-65.
Zhang J F,Zhang W,Li S S.2006.Clogging mechanism and treatment measures for relief wells in dyke engineering[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,23(5):24-28.
Zhang X R,Yin K L,Xia H,et al.2017.Influence of permeability coefficient and reservoir water level fluctuation on Xiaping landslide stability[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,25(2):488-495.
Zhou Y T,Chen H K,Zhang Y,et al.2016.Failure of super-huge landslide in collapsed debris deposits with nearly horizontal sliding surface induced by excess pore water pressure[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,24(5):732-740.
Zhu Z W,Wang H,Zhang P.2010.Application of three-dimensional drainage and deep soil displacement monitoring technology in landslide control[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,22(1):21-23.
Zingg S,Anagnostou G.2018.Tunnel face stability and the effectiveness of advance drainage measures in water-bearing ground of nonuniform permeability[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,51(1):187-202.
定培中,周密,张伟,等.2016.可拆换过滤器在排水管井中的应用[J].岩土工程学报,38(S1):94-98.
介玉新,周诗博,郭政豪,等.2018.平台分级对加筋土边坡稳定性的影响研究[J].工程地质学报,26(5):1178-1187.
李世贵,黄达,石林,等.2018.基于极限应变判据-动态局部强度折减的边坡破坏演化数值模拟[J].工程地质学报,26(5):1227-1236.
亓星,许强,彭大雷,等.2017.地下水诱发渐进后退式黄土滑坡成因机理研究——以甘肃黑方台灌溉型黄土滑坡为例[J].工程地质学报,25(1):147-153.
尚岳全,蔡岳良,魏振磊,等.2015.滑坡虹吸排水方法[J].工程地质学报,23(4):706-711.
孙厚才,伍碧秀,王幼麟.1990.荆江大堤减压井物理化学淤堵试验研究[J].水文地质工程地质,(5):15-17.
唐晓松,郑颖人,刘亮,等.2010.水平排水孔在岸坡治理工程中的应用[J].重庆大学学报:自然科学版,33(4):80-87.
田卿燕,吕建兵,郝钟钰.2015.公路边坡排水淤堵分析及新型仰斜排水孔应用研究[J].路基工程,(6):103-106.
田卿燕,钱尼贵,郝钟钰.2016.公路边坡新型仰斜排水孔机械淤堵室内试验研究[J].公路,(7):39-44.
吴昌瑜,张伟,孙厚才.2005.减压井淤堵机理研究现状[J].长江科学院院报,22(2):60-62.
杨志法,张路青,祝介旺.2005.4项边坡加固新技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,24(21):3828-3834.
杨志豪.1990.水平排水孔在滑坡治理工程中的应用[J].探矿工程,(5):63-65.
张家发,张伟,李思慎.2006.堤防工程减压井淤堵及其应对措施研究[J].长江科学院院报,23(5):24-28.
张夏冉,殷坤龙,夏辉,等.2017.渗透系数与库水位升降对下坪滑坡稳定性的影响研究[J].工程地质学报,25(2):488-495.
周云涛,陈洪凯,张勇,等.2016.超孔隙水压诱发特大型近水平崩坡积层滑坡破坏研究[J].工程地质学报,24(5):732-740.
朱正武,王虎,张鹏.2010.三维排水与深层土体位移监测技术在滑坡治理中的运用[J].西部探矿工程,22(1):21-23.
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