考虑剪切接触与碎屑充填的裂隙渗流模型与数值分析
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摘要
为研究大尺度裂隙内部复杂的渗流规律,综合分析裂隙面粗糙度、初始裂隙宽度、剪切过程裂隙接触面积以及剪切碎屑对渗流的影响,提出一种考虑剪切接触与碎屑充填的裂隙渗流模型并开展多种工况下的数值实验研究。研究结果表明:当裂隙相对接触率低于15%时,等效水力宽度数值计算结果与理论计算结果基本吻合,当裂隙接触面积继续增大,两者计算结果出现较大偏差;当裂隙表面模型增加相同的分形维数时,渗流体积流量减小愈加明显;分形维数为2.4的裂隙模型接触率变化范围为19.3%～29.2%,但稳定体积流量仅为初始状态的0.20%,说明剪切过程裂隙接触面积对渗流的影响与其分布状态密切相关,其影响远大于仅改变裂隙接触面积的影响;渗流方向与剪切位移方向对渗流的影响同样是通过改变裂隙接触分布状态实现,优势导水通道对渗流规律的影响起主导作用;裂隙剪切过程所产生的岩石碎屑对渗流规律存在较大影响,出口流量稳定值分别为未考虑裂隙碎屑充填模型的27.1%和32.4%,且裂隙初始宽度越小,影响越显著。
In order to study the complicated characteristics of seepage in large-scale fractures, the effects of fracture surface roughness, initial fracture width, fracture contact area in shearing process and clastic rocks on seepage were comprehensively analyzed. A fracture seepage model considering shearing contact area and clastic rocks was proposed and numerical experiments under various conditions were carried out. The results show that when the relative contact ratio of fractures is less than 15%, the numerical calculation model of equivalent hydraulic width is basically consistent with the theoretical calculation results; when the fracture contact area continues to increase, there is a big deviation between the calculation results of the two methods. When the fracture surface model increases the same fractal dimension, the decrease of seepage volume is more obvious. The contact rate of fracture model with fractal dimension2.4 varies from 19.3% to 29.2%, but the stable volume flow rate is only 0.20% of the initial state. The influence of fracture contact area and fluid movement direction on seepage in shearing process is closely related to the contact distribution, which is far greater than that of simple contact area changes. The formation of dominant conduit plays a leading role in the influence of seepage law. Clastic rocks produced by fracture shearing process have a great influence on seepage characteristics. The stable values of the outlet flow in the fracture filling model and the non-fracture filling model are 27.1% and 32.4%, respectively, and the smaller the initial width of the fracture, the more significant the effect will be.
In order to study the complicated characteristics of seepage in large-scale fractures, the effects of fracture surface roughness, initial fracture width, fracture contact area in shearing process and clastic rocks on seepage were comprehensively analyzed. A fracture seepage model considering shearing contact area and clastic rocks was proposed and numerical experiments under various conditions were carried out. The results show that when the relative contact ratio of fractures is less than 15%, the numerical calculation model of equivalent hydraulic width is basically consistent with the theoretical calculation results; when the fracture contact area continues to increase, there is a big deviation between the calculation results of the two methods. When the fracture surface model increases the same fractal dimension, the decrease of seepage volume is more obvious. The contact rate of fracture model with fractal dimension2.4 varies from 19.3% to 29.2%, but the stable volume flow rate is only 0.20% of the initial state. The influence of fracture contact area and fluid movement direction on seepage in shearing process is closely related to the contact distribution, which is far greater than that of simple contact area changes. The formation of dominant conduit plays a leading role in the influence of seepage law. Clastic rocks produced by fracture shearing process have a great influence on seepage characteristics. The stable values of the outlet flow in the fracture filling model and the non-fracture filling model are 27.1% and 32.4%, respectively, and the smaller the initial width of the fracture, the more significant the effect will be.
引文
[1]李术才,许振浩,黄鑫,等.隧道突水突泥致灾构造分类、地质判识、孕灾模式与典型案例分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报，2018,37(5):1041-1069.LI Shucai, XU Zhenhao, HUANG Xin, et al. Classification,geological identification,hazard mode and typical case studies of hazard-causing structures for water and mud inrush in tunnels[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(5):1041-1069.
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[3] LOUIS C. Rock mechanics[M]. New York:Springer-Verlag,1972:299-387
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[7]王刚,黄娜,蒋宇静,等.考虑分形特征的节理面渗流计算模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2014, 33(S2):3397-3405.WANG Gang, HUANG Na, JIANG Yujing, et al. Seepage calculation model for rough joint surface considering fractal characteristics[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2014, 33(S2):3397-3405.
[8]夏才初,王伟,曹诗定.节理在不同接触状态下的渗流特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2010, 29(7):1297-1306.XIA Caichu, WANG Wei, CAO Shiding. Flow characteristics of joints under different contact conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2010, 29(7):1297-1306.
[9]朱红光,易成,马宏强,等.几何粗糙对岩体裂隙非线性流动的影响机制[J].煤炭学报, 2017, 42(11):2861-2866.ZHU Hongguang, YI Cheng, MA Hongqiang, et al. Effect mechanism of geometry roughness on no-linear flow in rock fractures[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2017, 42(11):2861-2866.
[10]肖维民,夏才初,王伟,等. Reynolds控制方程下粗糙节理渗流空腔模型研究[J].岩土力学, 2012, 33(12):3680-3688.XIAO Weimin, XIA Caichu, WANG Wei, et al. Study of void model for fluid flow through rough joints:taking Reynolds equation as governing equation[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012, 33(12):3680-3688.
[11]李博,蒋宇静.岩石单节理面剪切与渗流特性的试验研究与数值分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2008, 27(12):2431-2439.LI Bo, JIANG Yujing. Experimental study and numerical analysis of shear and flow behaviors of rock with single joint[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2008, 27(12):2431-2439.
[12]满轲,刘晓丽,苏锐,等.大尺度单裂隙介质应力-渗流耦合试验台架及其渗透系数测试研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015, 34(10):2064-2072.MAN Ke, LIU Xiaoli, SU Rui, et al. Permeability measuring of large scaled single fractured media with a seepage-stress coupling testing apparatus[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2015, 34(10):2064-2072.
[13]谢和平.分形—岩石力学导论[M].北京:科学出版社, 1996:29-45.XIE Heping. Introduction of fractal-rock mechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press, 1996:29-45.
[14]李术才,郑卓,刘人太,等.考虑浆-岩耦合效应的微裂隙注浆扩散机制分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2017, 36(4):812-820.LI Shucai, ZHENG Zhuo, LIU Rentai, et al. Analysis on fracture grouting mechanism considering grout-rock coupling effect[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2017, 36(4):812-820.
[15]郝培,余海东,赵勇.考虑隧道表面特性的硬岩全断面掘进装备撑靴接触界面刚度分析[J].上海交通大学学报, 2014, 48(6):827-832.HAO Pei, YU Haidong, ZHAO Yong. Normal stiffness of tunnel surface contacting with thrusting boots of TBM with various surface characteristics[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2014, 48(6):827-832.
[16]金亚秋,刘鹏,叶红霞.随机粗糙面与目标复合散射数值模拟理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社, 2008:63-74.JIN Yaqiu, LIU Peng, YE Hongxia. Numerical simulation theory and method of random rough surface and target composite scattering[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2008:63-74.
[17]鞠杨,张钦刚,杨永明,等.岩体粗糙单裂隙流体渗流机制的实验研究[J].中国科学:技术科学, 2013, 43(10):1144-1154.JU Yang, ZHANG Qingang, YANG Yongming, et al.Experimental study on seepage mechanism of coarse single fracture fluid in rock mass[J]. Scientia Sinica(Technologica),2013, 43(10):1144-1154.
[18]速宝玉,詹美礼,张祝添.充填裂隙渗流特性实验研究[J].岩土力学, 1994, 15(4):46-52.SU Baoyu, ZHAN Meili, ZHANG Zhutian. Experimental research of seepage characteristic for filled fracture[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 1994, 15(4):46-52.
[19] WALSH J B. Effect of pore pressure and confining pressure on fracture permeability[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1981, 18(5):429-435
[20] ZIMMERMAN R W, CHEN Diwen, COOK N G W. The effect of contact area on the permeability of fractures[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 1992, 139(1/2/3/4):79-96.
[21] YEO W. Effect of contact obstacles on fluid flow in rock fractures[J]. Geosciences Journal, 2001, 5(2):139-143.
[2]陈占清,缪协兴,刘卫群.采动围岩中参变渗流系统的稳定性分析[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2004, 35(1):129-132.CHEN Zhanqing, MIAO Xiexing, LIU Weiqun. Analysis on stability of parametric system of seepage flow in wall rock affected by mining[J]. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology), 2004, 35(1):129-132.
[3] LOUIS C. Rock mechanics[M]. New York:Springer-Verlag,1972:299-387
[4]金爱兵,王贺,高永涛,等.三维应力下岩石节理面的渗流特性[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 46(1):267-273.JIN Aibing, WANG He, GAO Yongtao, et al. Seepage characteristics of rock joint under three-dimensional stresses[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2015, 46(1):267-273.
[5]速宝玉,詹美礼,赵坚.仿天然岩体裂隙渗流的实验研究[J].岩土工程学报, 1995, 17(5):19-24.SU Baoyu, ZHAN Meili, ZHAO Jian. Study on fracture seepage in the imitative nature rock[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1995, 17(5):19-24.
[6]熊祥斌,李博,蒋宇静,等.剪切条件下单裂隙渗流机制试验及三维数值分析研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2010, 29(11):2230-2238.XIONG Xiangbin, LI Bo, JIANG Yujing, et al. Flow mechanism test on single rock fracture and its three-dimensional numerical simulation[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2010, 29(11):2230-2238.
[7]王刚,黄娜,蒋宇静,等.考虑分形特征的节理面渗流计算模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2014, 33(S2):3397-3405.WANG Gang, HUANG Na, JIANG Yujing, et al. Seepage calculation model for rough joint surface considering fractal characteristics[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2014, 33(S2):3397-3405.
[8]夏才初,王伟,曹诗定.节理在不同接触状态下的渗流特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2010, 29(7):1297-1306.XIA Caichu, WANG Wei, CAO Shiding. Flow characteristics of joints under different contact conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2010, 29(7):1297-1306.
[9]朱红光,易成,马宏强,等.几何粗糙对岩体裂隙非线性流动的影响机制[J].煤炭学报, 2017, 42(11):2861-2866.ZHU Hongguang, YI Cheng, MA Hongqiang, et al. Effect mechanism of geometry roughness on no-linear flow in rock fractures[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2017, 42(11):2861-2866.
[10]肖维民,夏才初,王伟,等. Reynolds控制方程下粗糙节理渗流空腔模型研究[J].岩土力学, 2012, 33(12):3680-3688.XIAO Weimin, XIA Caichu, WANG Wei, et al. Study of void model for fluid flow through rough joints:taking Reynolds equation as governing equation[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012, 33(12):3680-3688.
[11]李博,蒋宇静.岩石单节理面剪切与渗流特性的试验研究与数值分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2008, 27(12):2431-2439.LI Bo, JIANG Yujing. Experimental study and numerical analysis of shear and flow behaviors of rock with single joint[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2008, 27(12):2431-2439.
[12]满轲,刘晓丽,苏锐,等.大尺度单裂隙介质应力-渗流耦合试验台架及其渗透系数测试研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015, 34(10):2064-2072.MAN Ke, LIU Xiaoli, SU Rui, et al. Permeability measuring of large scaled single fractured media with a seepage-stress coupling testing apparatus[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2015, 34(10):2064-2072.
[13]谢和平.分形—岩石力学导论[M].北京:科学出版社, 1996:29-45.XIE Heping. Introduction of fractal-rock mechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press, 1996:29-45.
[14]李术才,郑卓,刘人太,等.考虑浆-岩耦合效应的微裂隙注浆扩散机制分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2017, 36(4):812-820.LI Shucai, ZHENG Zhuo, LIU Rentai, et al. Analysis on fracture grouting mechanism considering grout-rock coupling effect[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2017, 36(4):812-820.
[15]郝培,余海东,赵勇.考虑隧道表面特性的硬岩全断面掘进装备撑靴接触界面刚度分析[J].上海交通大学学报, 2014, 48(6):827-832.HAO Pei, YU Haidong, ZHAO Yong. Normal stiffness of tunnel surface contacting with thrusting boots of TBM with various surface characteristics[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2014, 48(6):827-832.
[16]金亚秋,刘鹏,叶红霞.随机粗糙面与目标复合散射数值模拟理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社, 2008:63-74.JIN Yaqiu, LIU Peng, YE Hongxia. Numerical simulation theory and method of random rough surface and target composite scattering[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2008:63-74.
[17]鞠杨,张钦刚,杨永明,等.岩体粗糙单裂隙流体渗流机制的实验研究[J].中国科学:技术科学, 2013, 43(10):1144-1154.JU Yang, ZHANG Qingang, YANG Yongming, et al.Experimental study on seepage mechanism of coarse single fracture fluid in rock mass[J]. Scientia Sinica(Technologica),2013, 43(10):1144-1154.
[18]速宝玉,詹美礼,张祝添.充填裂隙渗流特性实验研究[J].岩土力学, 1994, 15(4):46-52.SU Baoyu, ZHAN Meili, ZHANG Zhutian. Experimental research of seepage characteristic for filled fracture[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 1994, 15(4):46-52.
[19] WALSH J B. Effect of pore pressure and confining pressure on fracture permeability[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1981, 18(5):429-435
[20] ZIMMERMAN R W, CHEN Diwen, COOK N G W. The effect of contact area on the permeability of fractures[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 1992, 139(1/2/3/4):79-96.
[21] YEO W. Effect of contact obstacles on fluid flow in rock fractures[J]. Geosciences Journal, 2001, 5(2):139-143.
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