基于遥感的内蒙古地级市土地覆盖结构时空变化特征分析
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摘要
城市土地覆盖结构对城市生态服务功能和人居环境质量产生重要的影响。采用2000～2015年Landsat TM并协同高分辨率遥感影像,利用线性光谱混合模型获取内蒙古12个地级市每5 a土地覆盖结构信息,监测并分析城市扩张时空动态、土地覆盖结构及扩张类型差异特征。研究结果表明:2000～2015年,内蒙古12个地级市土地覆盖结构总体变化较快,城市面积扩张278.93km~2。相比较而言,2010～2015年城市面积扩张比例是前两个时间段(2000～2005年和2005～2010年)的1.61倍与1.91倍。2010年以来变化最为剧烈,城市不透水地表扩张尤为明显,城市植被呈现不同程度增加态势。城市扩张经历了3个阶段,即城市内部填充—城市内部填充—城市外延扩张型为主的变化过程,其中包头市和呼伦贝尔属于内部填充型城市。内蒙古地级市土地覆盖结构变化及差异特征与人口增长和社会经济发展有密切的关系。
The urban land cover structures play an important role in providing urban ecological service and altering the quality of human settlements environment.In this study,2000～2015 Landsat TM series satellite data along with fine resolution remote sensing images were used to capture information of each 5-year land cover structures in 12 prefecture-level cities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Subsequently,there land cover information was used to monitor and analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban expansion,and differences of land cover structures and expansion types.The results showed that:in 2000～2015,the overall changes of land cover structures in 12 prefecture level cities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were rapid.Specifically,the urban area expanded by 278.93 km~2.By comparison,the proportion of urban area expansion in 2010～2015 was 1.61 times and 1.91 times than that of the first two periods(in 2000～2005 and in 2005～2010).Since 2010,the most dramatic changes has been observed.Particularly,obvious urban impervious surface expansion was found.Also urban vegetation showed obviously increased with varying degrees.At the past decade,urban expansion has undergone three stages.Specifically,the main process experienced from urban interior filling to urban interior filling and then to urban extension,of which Baotou and Hulunbeier belonging to the internal filling city.Population growth and socio-economic development are responsible for these differences.
The urban land cover structures play an important role in providing urban ecological service and altering the quality of human settlements environment.In this study,2000～2015 Landsat TM series satellite data along with fine resolution remote sensing images were used to capture information of each 5-year land cover structures in 12 prefecture-level cities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Subsequently,there land cover information was used to monitor and analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban expansion,and differences of land cover structures and expansion types.The results showed that:in 2000～2015,the overall changes of land cover structures in 12 prefecture level cities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were rapid.Specifically,the urban area expanded by 278.93 km~2.By comparison,the proportion of urban area expansion in 2010～2015 was 1.61 times and 1.91 times than that of the first two periods(in 2000～2005 and in 2005～2010).Since 2010,the most dramatic changes has been observed.Particularly,obvious urban impervious surface expansion was found.Also urban vegetation showed obviously increased with varying degrees.At the past decade,urban expansion has undergone three stages.Specifically,the main process experienced from urban interior filling to urban interior filling and then to urban extension,of which Baotou and Hulunbeier belonging to the internal filling city.Population growth and socio-economic development are responsible for these differences.
引文
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[34] Kuang W,Liu Y,Dou Y,et al.What Are Hot and What Are Not in an Urban Landscape:Quantifying and Explaining the Land Surface Temperature Pattern in Beijing,China[J].Landscape Ecology,2015,30(2):357-373.
[35] Dongmei S,Guangyi J,Xudong P,et al.Evaluation on Impact of Artificial Disturbed Underlying Surfaces on Water Retention Function during Urbanization Process[J].Transactions of The Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(22): 92-102.
[36] Lin M,Chen C.Application of Fuzzy Models for the Monitoring of Ecologically Sensitive Ecosystems In A Dynamic Semi-arid Landscape from Satellite Imagery[J].Engineering Computations,2010,27(1):5-19.
[37] Lin M,Chen C.Application of Fuzzy Models for the Monitoring of Ecologically Sensitive Ecosystems in a Dynamic Semi-arid Landscape from Satellite Imagery[J].Engineering Computations,2010,27(1):5-19.
[38] Zhai Baohui.Ecological Thought Relating to the Fact from Urban Flood to Low Impact Development[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(16):4949-4951.[翟宝辉.从“城市内涝”到“海绵城市”引发的生态学思考[J].生态学报,2016,36(16):4949-4951.]
[2] Pickett S A,Cadenasso M L,Grove J M,et al.Urban Ecological Systems:Scientific Foundations and a Decade of Progress[J].Journal Environmental Management,2011,92(3):331-362.
[3] Grimm N B,Faeth S H,Golubiewski N E,et al.Global Change and the Ecology of Cities[J].Science,2008,319(5864):756-760.
[4] Ecosystems and Human Well-being:A Framework for Assessment (Book)[J].Civil Engineering,2004,42(1):77-101.
[5] Chi W F,Shi W J,Kuang W H.Spatio-temporal Characteristics of Intra-urban Land Cover in the Cities of China and USA from 1978 to 2010[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2015,25(1):3-18.
[6] Kuang W H,Liu J Y,Zhang Z X,et al.Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Impervious Surface Areas Across China during the Early 21st Century[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2013,58(14):1691-1701.
[7] Lee J G,Heaney J P.Estimation of Urban Imperviousness and Its Impacts on Storm Water Systems[J].Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,2003,129(5):419-426.
[8] Seto K C,Shepherd J M.Global Urban Land-use Trends and Climate Impacts[J].Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability,2009,1(1):89-95.
[9] Zhang C,Tian H,Chen G,et al.Impacts of Urbanization on Carbon Balance in Terrestrial Ecosystems of the Southern United States[J].Environmental Pollution,2012,164:89-101.
[10] Kuang W,Chi W,Lu D,et al.A Comparative Analysis of Megacity Expansions in China and the US:Patterns,Rates and Driving Forces[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2014,132:121-135.
[11] Richard S.Beijing’s Marathon Run to Clean Foul Air Nears Finish Line[J].Science,2008,321(5865):636-637.
[12] Normile D.China’s Living Laboratory in Urbanization[J].Science,2008,319(5864):740-743.
[13] Wu J J.Making the Case for Landscape Ecology an Effective Approach to Urban Sustainability[J].Landscape Journal,2008,27(1):41-50.
[14] Goldbach A,Kuttler W.Quantification of Turbulent Heat Fluxes for Adaptation Strategies within Urban Planning[J].Int J Climatol,2013,33:143-159.
[15] Li J,Song C,Cao L,et al.Impacts of Landscape Structure on Surface Urban Heat Islands:A Case Study of Shanghai,China[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2011,115(12):3249-3263.
[16] Kuang W H,Dou Y Y,Chi W F,et al.Quantifying the Heat Flux Regulation of Metropolitan Land-use/land-cover Components by Coupling Remote Sensing-modelling with in Situ Measurement[J].Journal of Geography Research-Atmospheres,2015,120(1):113-130.
[17] RIDD M K.Exploring a V-I-S (Vegetation-Impervious Surface-Soil) Model for Urban Ecosystem Analysis Through Remote Sensing:Comparative Anatomy for Cities[J].International Journal of Remote Sens,1995,16(12):2165-2185.
[18] Wu C S,Murray A T.Estimating Impervious Surface Distribution by Spectral Mixture Analysis[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2003,84:493-505.
[19] Lu D andWeng Q.Use of Impervious Surface in Urban Land Use Classification[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2006,102:146-160.
[20] Wu C S.Normalized Spectral Mixture Analysis for Monitoring Urban Composition Using ETM+ Imagery[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2004,93:480-492.
[21] Lu D,Moran E,Hetrick S.Detection of Impervious Surface Change with Multitemporal Landsat Images in an Urban-rural Frontier[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2011,66(3):298-306.
[22] Zhang Z X,Wang X,ZhaoX L,et al.A 2010 update of National Land Use/Cover Database of China at 1∶100 000 Scale Using Medium Spatial Resolution Satellite Images[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2014,149:142-154.
[23] Liu J Y,Kuang W H,Zhang Z X,et al.Spatiotemporal Characteristics,Patterns and Causes of Land Use Changes in China Since the Late 1980s[J].Acta Geographica Sinca,2014,69(1):3-14.
[24] Tao Qiuxiang,Tao Huaxue,Zhang Lianpeng.Study on Applying Linear Mixing Spectral Model in Vegetation Classification Using Hyper Spectral Remote Sensing[J].Site Investigation Science and Technology,2004,(1):21-24.[陶秋香,陶华学,张连蓬.线性混合光谱模型在植被高光谱遥感分类中的应用研究[J].勘察科学技术,2004,(1):21-24.]
[25] Zhang C,Chen Y,Lu D.Mapping the Land-cover Distribution in Arid and Semiarid Urban Landscapes with Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2015,36(17):4483-4500.
[26] Pan T,Lu D,Zhang C,et al.Urban Land-Cover Dynamics in Arid China based on High-Resolution Urban Land Mapping Products[J].Remote Sensing,2017,9(7):730.
[27] Xu Hanqiu.A Study on Information Extraction of Water Body with the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI)[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2005,9(5):589-595.[徐涵秋.利用改进的归一化差异水体指数(MNDWI)提取水体信息研究[J].遥感学报,2005,9(5):589-595.]
[28] Stehman S V.Sampling Designs for Accuracy Assessment of Land Cover[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2009,30:5243-5272.
[29] Zhao S,Zhou D,Zhu C,et al.Rates and Patterns of Urban Expansion in China’s 32 Major Cities over the Past Three Decades[J].Landscape Ecology,2015,30 (8):1541-1559.
[30] Xiao R,Ouyang Z,Zheng H,et al.Spatial Pattern of Impervious Surfaces and Their Impacts on Land Surface Temperature in Beijing,China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2007,19(2):250-256.
[31] Weng Q,Lu D.A Sub-pixel Analysis of Urbanization Effect on Land Surface Temperature and Its Interplay with Impervious Surface and Vegetation Coverage in Indianapolis,United States[J].International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,2008,10(1):68-83.
[32] Kuang W,Liu J,Dong J,et al.The Rapid and Massive Urban and Industrial Land Expansions in China between 1990 and 2010: A CLUD-based Analysis of their Trajectories,Patterns,and Drivers[J].Landscape & Urban Planning,2016,145(145):21-33.
[33] Kuang W,Liu J,Dong J,et al.The Rapid and Massive Urban and Industrial Land Expansions in China between 1990 and 2010:A CLUD-based Analysis of Their Trajectories,Patterns,and Drivers[J].Landscape & Urban Planning,2016,145(145):21-33.
[34] Kuang W,Liu Y,Dou Y,et al.What Are Hot and What Are Not in an Urban Landscape:Quantifying and Explaining the Land Surface Temperature Pattern in Beijing,China[J].Landscape Ecology,2015,30(2):357-373.
[35] Dongmei S,Guangyi J,Xudong P,et al.Evaluation on Impact of Artificial Disturbed Underlying Surfaces on Water Retention Function during Urbanization Process[J].Transactions of The Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(22): 92-102.
[36] Lin M,Chen C.Application of Fuzzy Models for the Monitoring of Ecologically Sensitive Ecosystems In A Dynamic Semi-arid Landscape from Satellite Imagery[J].Engineering Computations,2010,27(1):5-19.
[37] Lin M,Chen C.Application of Fuzzy Models for the Monitoring of Ecologically Sensitive Ecosystems in a Dynamic Semi-arid Landscape from Satellite Imagery[J].Engineering Computations,2010,27(1):5-19.
[38] Zhai Baohui.Ecological Thought Relating to the Fact from Urban Flood to Low Impact Development[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(16):4949-4951.[翟宝辉.从“城市内涝”到“海绵城市”引发的生态学思考[J].生态学报,2016,36(16):4949-4951.]
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