基于MODIS的2006-2016年西藏生态质量综合评价及其时空变化
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摘要
针对缺少基于遥感数据产品的西藏地区植被生态参数筛选及综合评价的研究现状,以2006年和2016年西藏地区MODIS卫星遥感产品反演得到的植被覆盖度、叶面积指数、植被总初级生产力、区域热度与改进的湿度5项指标为基础,提出了基于主成分分析法的西藏植被生态环境质量评价方法,并探索了其时空变化规律及机理。结果表明:①西藏地区植被生态质量整体较为脆弱,且区域差异明显,呈现东南优、西北差的分布格局。②2006-2016年间西藏地区植被生态质量总体呈现变好的趋势。在时间序列上,2006-2016年间改善、退化的区域占比分别为31.88%和4.13%;在空间分布上,变好的区域分布在西北、中部和东部,变差的区域集中在东南部。③水热状况改善特别是降水量的增加和人为保护政策使得研究区西部和中部地区生态质量有所提高。社会经济活动加强是研究区东南部生态质量变差的主要原因。
In view of the lack of research on the screening and comprehensive evaluation of vegetation ecological parameters based on remotely sensed date products, this paper firstly proposes a method to evaluate the vegetation eco-environmental quality in Tibet by PCA(principal component analysis). Based on five indicators, including fractional vegetation coverage(FVC), leaf area index(LAI), gross primary productivity(GPP), land surface temperature(LST) and modified wet(Wet) from MODIS satellite data, the law and mechanism of spatial-temporal changes of eco-environmental quality in Tibet in the last 10 years are explored. The experimental results show that:(1) The comprehensive quality of the ecoenvironmental quality in Tibet is relatively fragile, and the spatial difference in ecoenvironmental quality is significant. It is excellent in the southeast but poor in the northwest.(2) During the period from 2006 to 2016, the eco-environmental quality in Tibet shows a trend of improving overall. In terms of time series, the proportion of areas improved and degraded in the past 10 years was 31.88% and 4.13% respectively. In terms of spatial distribution, the improved areas are distributed in the northwestwen, central and eastern parts, but but the degraded areas are distributed in the southeastern parts.(3) Improvements in hydrothermal conditions(especially the increase in precipitation) and human protection policies have led to improvements in the eco-environmental quality in the western and central Tibet. The strengthening of social and economic activities is the main reason for the deterioration of the eco-environmental quality in the southeast of Tibet.
In view of the lack of research on the screening and comprehensive evaluation of vegetation ecological parameters based on remotely sensed date products, this paper firstly proposes a method to evaluate the vegetation eco-environmental quality in Tibet by PCA(principal component analysis). Based on five indicators, including fractional vegetation coverage(FVC), leaf area index(LAI), gross primary productivity(GPP), land surface temperature(LST) and modified wet(Wet) from MODIS satellite data, the law and mechanism of spatial-temporal changes of eco-environmental quality in Tibet in the last 10 years are explored. The experimental results show that:(1) The comprehensive quality of the ecoenvironmental quality in Tibet is relatively fragile, and the spatial difference in ecoenvironmental quality is significant. It is excellent in the southeast but poor in the northwest.(2) During the period from 2006 to 2016, the eco-environmental quality in Tibet shows a trend of improving overall. In terms of time series, the proportion of areas improved and degraded in the past 10 years was 31.88% and 4.13% respectively. In terms of spatial distribution, the improved areas are distributed in the northwestwen, central and eastern parts, but but the degraded areas are distributed in the southeastern parts.(3) Improvements in hydrothermal conditions(especially the increase in precipitation) and human protection policies have led to improvements in the eco-environmental quality in the western and central Tibet. The strengthening of social and economic activities is the main reason for the deterioration of the eco-environmental quality in the southeast of Tibet.
引文
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[23] Li Shuangshuang, Yan Junping, Wan Jia. The spatial-temporal changes of vegetation restoration on Loess Plateau in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67(7):960-970.[李双双,延军平,万佳.近10年陕甘宁黄土高原区植被覆盖时空变化特征.地理学报, 2012, 67(7):960-970.]
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[2] Xu Yan, Zhou Huarong. A preliminary study on advances in assessment of eco-environmental quality in China. Arid Land Geography, 2003, 26(2):166-172.[徐燕,周华荣.初论我国生态环境质量评价研究进展.干旱区地理, 2003, 26(2):166-172.]
[3] Zhou Huarong. Study on ecological environmental quality as assessment index system of Xinjiang. China Environmental Science, 2000, 20(2):150-153.[周华荣.新疆生态环境质量评价指标体系研究.中国环境科学, 2000,20(2):150-153.]
[4] Ren Zhiyuan, Huang Qing, Li Jing. Quantitative analysis of dynamic change and spatial difference of the ecological safety:The case of Shaanxi province. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2005, 60(4):597-606.[任志远,黄青,李晶.陕西省生态安全及空间差异定量分析.地理学报, 2005, 60(4):597-606.]
[5] Xiao Jianhong, Yu Qingdong, Liu Kang, et al. Evaluation of the ecological security of island tourist destination and island tourist sustainable development:A case study of Zhoushan Islands. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(6):842-852.[肖建红,于庆东,刘康,等.海岛旅游地生态安全与可持续发展评估:以舟山群岛为例.地理学报, 2011, 66(6):842-852.]
[6] Jiang Weiguo, Pan Yingzi, Hou Peng, et al. Assessment and analysis of wetland ecosystem health in Dongting Lake.Geographical Research, 2009, 28(6):1665-1672.[蒋卫国,潘英姿,侯鹏,等.洞庭湖区湿地生态系统健康综合评价.地理研究, 2009, 28(6):1665-1672.]
[7] Wolfslehner B, Vacik H. Evaluating sustainable forest management strategies with the analytic network process in a pressure-state-response framework. Journal of Environmental Management, 2008, 88(1):1-10.
[8] Yu Feng, Li Xiaobing, Wang Hong, et al. Land use change and eco-security assessment of Huangfuchuan Watershed.Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61(6):645-653.[喻锋,李晓兵,王宏,等.皇甫川流域土地利用变化与生态安全评价.地理学报, 2006, 61(6):645-653.]
[9] Ni Xiaojiao, Nan Ying, Zhu Weihong, et al. Study on comprehensive assessment of ecological security in Changbai Mountain region based on multi-hazard natural disasters risk. Geographical Research, 2014, 33(7):1348-1360.[倪晓娇,南颖,朱卫红,等.基于多灾种自然灾害风险的长白山地区生态安全综合评价.地理研究, 2014, 33(7):1348-1360.]
[10] Zhang Z, Lu W X, Zhao Y, et al. Development tendency analysis and evaluation of the water ecological carrying capacity in the Siping area of Jilin Province in China based on system dynamics and analytic hierarchy process.Ecological Modelling, 2014, 275(10):9-21.
[11] Huang Heping, Peng Xiaolin, Kong Fanbin, et al. Evaluation of ecological economy index in the Poyang Lake ecological economic zone. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(11):3107-3144.[黄和平,彭小琳,孔凡斌,等.鄱阳湖生态经济区生态经济指数评价.生态学报, 2014, 34(11):3107-3114.]
[12] Yang Shengtian, Liu Changming, Yang Zhifeng, et al. Natural eco-environmental evaluation of west route area of interbasin water transfer project. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2002, 57(1):11-18.[杨胜天,刘昌明,杨志峰,等.南水北调西线调水工程区的自然生态环境评价.地理学报, 2002, 57(1):11-18.]
[13] Xu Hanqiu. A remote sensing index for assessment of regional ecological changes. China Environmental Science, 2013,33(5):889-897.[徐涵秋.区域生态环境变化的遥感评价指数.中国环境科学, 2013, 33(5):889-897.]
[14] De Araujo Barbosa C C, Atkinson P M, et al. Remote sensing of ecosystem services:A systematic review. Ecological Indicators, 2015, 52:430-443.
[15] Zhu Jiawei, Xie Xiaotong, Li Xinhui. A solution to the problem of ecological environmental carrying capacity evaluation:A case study of Henan Province. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017, 37(21):7039-7047.[朱嘉伟,谢晓彤,李心慧.生态环境承载力评价研究:以河南省为例.生态学报, 2017, 37(21):7039-7047.]
[16] Liu Rui, Wang Shixin, Zhou Yi, et al. Ecological environment condition evaluation mode of county region based on remote sensing techniques. China Environmental Science, 2012, 32(1):181-186.[刘瑞,王世新,周艺,等.基于遥感技术的县级区域环境质量评价模型研究.中国环境科学, 2012, 32(1):181-186.]
[17] Zhi Yingbiao, Wang Zailan, Ma Zhong, et al. Research on Ningxia's resource and environmental performance and changing trends. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2009, 29(12):6490-6498.[智颖飙,王再岚,马中,等.宁夏资源环境绩效及其变动态势.生态学报, 2009, 29(12):6490-6498.]
[18] Gao Jiangbo, Hou Wenjuan, Zhao Dongsheng. Comprehensive assessment of natural ecosystem vulnerability in Tibetan Plateau based on satellite-derived datasets. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2016, 36(4):580-587.[高江波,侯文娟,赵东升.基于遥感数据的西藏高原自然生态系统脆弱性评估.地理科学, 2016, 36(4):580-587.]
[19] He Baozhong, Ding Jianli, Zhang Zhe, et al. Experimental analysis of spatial and temporal dynamics of fractional vegetation cover in Xinjiang. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(11):1948-1966.[何宝忠,丁建丽,张喆,等.新疆植被覆盖度趋势演变实验性分析.地理学报, 2016, 71(11):1948-1966.]
[20] Tibet Autonomous Region Statistics Bureau. Tibet Statistical Yearbook. Beijing:China Statistics Press, 2006-2016.[西藏自治区统计局.西藏统计年鉴.北京:中国统计出版社, 2006-2016.]
[21] Mu Shaojie, Li Jianlong, Chen Yizhao, et al. Spatial differences of variations of vegetation coverage in Inner Mongolia during 2001-2010. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67(9):1255-1268.[穆少杰,李建龙,陈奕兆,等. 2001-2010年内蒙古植被覆盖度时空变化特征.地理学报, 2012, 67(9):1255-1268.]
[22] Zhou Wei, Gang Chengcheng, Li Jianlong, et al. Spatial-temporal dynamics of grassland coverage and its response to climate change in China during 1982-2010. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(1):15-30.[周伟,刚成诚,李建龙,等.1982-2010年中国草地覆盖度的时空动态及其对气候变化的响应.地理学报, 2014, 69(1):15-30.]
[23] Li Shuangshuang, Yan Junping, Wan Jia. The spatial-temporal changes of vegetation restoration on Loess Plateau in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67(7):960-970.[李双双,延军平,万佳.近10年陕甘宁黄土高原区植被覆盖时空变化特征.地理学报, 2012, 67(7):960-970.]
[24] Wang Q, Tenhunen J, Dinh N Q, et al. Similarities in ground-and satellite-based NDVI time series and their relationship to physiological activity of a Scots pine forest in Finland. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2004, 93(1/2):225-237.
[25] Zhang G L, Zhang Y J, Dong J W, et al. Green-up dates in the Tibetan Plateau have continuously advanced from 1982 to2011. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013, 110(11):4309-4314.
[26] Shen M G, Piao S L, Jeong S J, et al. Evaporative cooling over the Tibetan Plateau induced by vegetation growth.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015, 112(30):9299-9304.
[27] Leprieur C, Verstraete M M, Pinty B. Evaluation of the performance of various vegetation indices to retrieve vegetation cover from AVHRR data. Remote Sensing Reviews, 1994, 10(4):265-284.
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