中国不同尺度大气污染物排放清单编制工作综述
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摘要
大气污染物排放清单的编制可以直观表现清单编制地区的污染源状况,为政府制定污染物防控措施提供科学依据。在查阅大量文献的基础上,从清单方法学、区域和城市排放、清单不确定性3个方面对中国大部分地区的大气污染物排放清单编制工作进行了汇总整理。提出了未建立符合我国国情的排放因子和活动水平数据库、排放清单分辨率和不确定性研究水平不高、缺少对不发达地区的清单编制等问题。建议统筹排放清单编制工作,保证基础数据的准确性,逐步建立主要污染物的清单编制技术指南,加强学科间和国际间合作,开拓排放清单新的研究方向。最后,对未来大气污染物排放清单的编制工作提出了展望。
The preparation of the air pollutant emission inventory directly reflects the situation of the pollution source in the inventory preparation area,and therefore acts as a scientific basis for the government to take the corresponding pollution prevention and control measures. By studying a large amount of literature,this paper summed up the preparation of emission inventories of atmospheric pollutants in most of China from the following three perspectives: inventory methodology,regional and urban emissions,and inventory uncertainty. In accordance to this study,questions were raised about: the inexistence of the database that covers emission factors and activity levels according to China's national conditions; the low level of research on the resolution and uncertainty of emission inventories; as well as the lack of inventory preparation in developing regions,etc. It was suggested that: the preparation of emission inventory should be given an overall consideration; the accuracy of basic data should be ensured; the technical guidelines for inventory preparation of major pollutants should be established step by step; the interdisciplinary and international cooperation should be strengthened; and the new research direction of emission inventories should be probed. In the end,the prospects for the preparation of emission inventories of atmospheric pollutants in the future were presented.
The preparation of the air pollutant emission inventory directly reflects the situation of the pollution source in the inventory preparation area,and therefore acts as a scientific basis for the government to take the corresponding pollution prevention and control measures. By studying a large amount of literature,this paper summed up the preparation of emission inventories of atmospheric pollutants in most of China from the following three perspectives: inventory methodology,regional and urban emissions,and inventory uncertainty. In accordance to this study,questions were raised about: the inexistence of the database that covers emission factors and activity levels according to China's national conditions; the low level of research on the resolution and uncertainty of emission inventories; as well as the lack of inventory preparation in developing regions,etc. It was suggested that: the preparation of emission inventory should be given an overall consideration; the accuracy of basic data should be ensured; the technical guidelines for inventory preparation of major pollutants should be established step by step; the interdisciplinary and international cooperation should be strengthened; and the new research direction of emission inventories should be probed. In the end,the prospects for the preparation of emission inventories of atmospheric pollutants in the future were presented.
引文
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