生物炭对土壤中释放的石油类污染物的吸附
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摘要
为探究不同来源生物炭对土壤释放到水中石油烃的吸附性能,选取麦秆炭、椰壳炭、稻壳炭和棉秆炭作为吸附剂。通过批量吸附实验,分别考察反应时间、生物炭投加量、pH值和溶液初始浓度对生物炭吸附石油烃性能的影响,并进行动力学和等温吸附拟合。结果表明:4种生物炭均有较高的比表面积,麦秆炭最大,达到729.12 m~2/g。当溶液pH值为5、溶液初始质量浓度125.64 mg/L、稻壳炭投加量40 mg、其他生物炭投加量20 mg、反应5 h时,生物炭对石油烃的吸附效果达到最佳状态。4种生物炭对石油烃的吸附能力大小依次为麦秆炭、椰壳炭、稻壳炭、棉秆炭。准二级动力学模型能更好地描述4种生物炭的动力学过程,结果表明生物炭对石油烃的吸附为表面吸附和内部扩散等多种方式;Freundlich模型能够更好地反映等温吸附过程,结果表明生物炭对石油烃为多分子层吸附。
Different sources of biochar, including wheat straw biochar(WSB), coconut shell biochar(CCB), rice husk biochar(RHB) and cotton straw biochar(CSB) were used as adsorbents to study the adsorption properties of petroleum hydrocarbons. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of reaction time, biochar dosage, pH value and initial concentration on the petroleum hydrocarbons adsorption capacity by biochars, and then kinetic and isothermal adsorption fitting were performed. The experiment results indicated that all biochars have high surface areas, and the highest value is found for WSB which is 729.12 m~2/g. When the pH value of the solution is 5, the initial mass concentration of solutions is 125.64 mg/L, the dosage of RHB is 40 mg, the dosages of other biochars are 20 mg, and the reaction time is 5 h, the adsorption capacity reached the optimal state. The adsorption capacity of the four biochars decreased in the order of WSB, CCB, RHB and CSB. The Pseudo-second order kinetics model is found having a better description of the dynamic processes, indicating that the adsorption of petroleum hydrocarbons by biochar contains both surface adsorption and internal diffusion. It is found that the Freundlich model reflects better the isothermal adsorption process, indicating that adsorption of petroleum hydrocarbons by biochars belongs to the multilayer molecular adsorption.
Different sources of biochar, including wheat straw biochar(WSB), coconut shell biochar(CCB), rice husk biochar(RHB) and cotton straw biochar(CSB) were used as adsorbents to study the adsorption properties of petroleum hydrocarbons. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of reaction time, biochar dosage, pH value and initial concentration on the petroleum hydrocarbons adsorption capacity by biochars, and then kinetic and isothermal adsorption fitting were performed. The experiment results indicated that all biochars have high surface areas, and the highest value is found for WSB which is 729.12 m~2/g. When the pH value of the solution is 5, the initial mass concentration of solutions is 125.64 mg/L, the dosage of RHB is 40 mg, the dosages of other biochars are 20 mg, and the reaction time is 5 h, the adsorption capacity reached the optimal state. The adsorption capacity of the four biochars decreased in the order of WSB, CCB, RHB and CSB. The Pseudo-second order kinetics model is found having a better description of the dynamic processes, indicating that the adsorption of petroleum hydrocarbons by biochar contains both surface adsorption and internal diffusion. It is found that the Freundlich model reflects better the isothermal adsorption process, indicating that adsorption of petroleum hydrocarbons by biochars belongs to the multilayer molecular adsorption.
引文
[1] 郑红婷,钟哲森,张秀霞,等.漆酶活性对石油污染土壤特性和微生物活性的影响[J].石油学报(石油加工),2017,33(5):992-997.(ZHENG Hongting,ZHONG Zhesen,ZHANG Xiuxia,et al.Influence of laccase activity on characteristic and microbial activity of oil-contaminated soil[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica (Petroleum Processing Section),2017,33(5):992-997.)
[2] 刘文超,李晓森,刘永民,等.石油污染土壤修复技术应用现状[J].油田化学,2015,32(2):307-312.(LIU Wenchao,LI Xiaosen,LIU Yongmin,et al.The application status in remediation of petroleum contaminated soil[J].Oilfield Chemistry,2015,32(2):307-312.)
[3] 张涵,张秀霞,尚琼琼,等.秸秆载体腐解对微生物修复石油污染的影响[J].石油学报(石油加工),2016,32(4):767-772.(ZHANG Han,ZHANG Xiuxia,SHANG Qiongqiong,et al.Effect of straw carrier decomposition on remediation of petroleum contaminated soil by microorganism[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica (Petroleum Processing Section),2016,32(4):767-772.)
[4] HUSSAIN I,PUSCHENREITER M,GERHARD S,et al.Rhizoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils:Improvement opportunities and field applications[J].Environmental & Experimental Botany,2017,147(3):202-219.
[5] 薛明霞.石油在土-水系统中的迁移转化机理与含油废水的处理研究[D].西安:长安大学,2007.
[6] 耿春香,路帅.西北地区土壤中石油类污染物的垂直渗透规律[J].环境污染与防治,2003,25(1):61-62.(GENG Chunxiang,LU Shuai.A vertical transfer regularity of oil pollutant in the soil of the northwest[J].Environment Pollution & Control,2003,25(1):61-62.)
[7] 张博.石油污染物在土壤中迁移规律及修复技术研究[D].大庆:东北石油大学,2017.
[8] 郑红婷,张秀霞,钟哲森,等.石油污染土壤中漆酶活性的影响因素[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(10):5703-5707.(ZHENG Hongting,ZHANG Xiuxia,ZHONG Zhesen,et al.Influence factors of laccase activity in oil-contaminated soil[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2017,11(10):5703-5707.)
[9] GARRISON T,HOWER J C,FRYAR A E,et al.Water and soil quality at two eastern-Kentucky (USA) coal fires[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(7):1-13.
[10] FILHO C M C,MATIAS T,DUR?ES L,et al.Efficient simultaneous removal of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants by a hydro pH obic silica aerogel-like material[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2017,520(5):550-560.
[11] YANG K,JIANG Y,YANG J,et al.Correlations and adsorption mechanisms of aromatic compounds on biochars produced from various biomass at 700 ℃[J].Environmental Pollution,2017,233(10):64-70.
[12] RAO M A,SIMEONE G D R,SCELZA R,et al.Biochar based remediation of water and soil contaminated by pH enanthrene and pentachlorophenol[J].Chemosphere,2017,186(11):193-201.
[13] JIN J,SUN K,LIU W,et al.Isolation and characterization of biochar-derived organic matter fractions and their pH enanthrene sorption[J].Environmental Pollution,2018,236(5):745-753.
[14] LI H,QU R,LI C,et al.Selective removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from soil washing effluents using biochars produced at different pyrolytic temperatures[J].Bioresour Technol,2014,163(7):193-198.
[15] ZHANG X,SARMAH A K,BOLAN N S,et al.Effect of aging process on adsorption of diethyl pH thalate in soils amended with bamboo biochar[J].Chemosphere,2016,142(1):28-34.
[16] ZHANG X,HE L,SARMAH A K,et al.Retention and release of diethyl pH thalate in biochar-amended vegetable garden soils[J].Journal of Soils & Sediments Protection Risk Assessment & Rem,2014,14(11):1790-1799.
[17] BEESLEY L,MORENO-JIM? E,GOMEZ-EYLES J L.Effects of biochar and greenwaste compost amendments on mobility,bioavailability and toxicity of inorganic and organic contaminants in a multi-element polluted soil[J].Environmental Pollution,2010,158(6):2282-2287.
[18] WANG F,REN X,SUN H,et al.Sorption of polychlorinated biphenyls onto biochars derived from corn straw and the effect of propranolol[J].Bioresour Technol,2016,219(11):458-465.
[19] SIGMUND G,POYNTNER C,PI?AR G,et al.Influence of compost and biochar on microbial communities and the sorption/degradation of PAHs and NSO-substituted PAHs in contaminated soils[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2017,345(3):107-113.
[20] 林珈羽,张越,刘沅,等.不同原料和炭化温度下制备的生物炭结构及性质[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(6):3200-3206.(LIN Jiayu,ZHANG Yue,LIU Yuan,et al.Structure and properties of biochar under different materials and carbonization temperatures[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(6):3200-3206.)
[21] 解岳,黄廷林,王志盈,等.河流沉积物中石油类污染物吸附与释放规律的实验研究[J].环境工程,2000,18(3):59-61.(XIE Yue,HUANG Tinglin,WANG Zhiying,et al.An experimental study of petroleum pollutant’s adsorption on and release from river sediments[J].Environmental Engineering,2000,18(3):59-61.)
[22] 吴晴雯,孟梁,张志豪,等.芦苇秸秆生物炭对水中菲和1,1-二氯乙烯的吸附特性[J].环境科学,2016,(2):680-688.(WU Qingwen,MENG Liang,ZHANG Zhihao,et al.Sorption characteristics of pH enanthrene and 1,1-dichloroethene onto reed straw biochar in aquatic solutions[J].Environmental Science,2016,(2):680-688.)
[23] 马锋锋,赵保卫.玉米芯生物炭吸附水中对硝基苯酚的特性[J].环境化学,2017,36(4):898-906.(MA Fengfeng,ZHAO Baowei.Adsorption characteristics of p-nitrophenol in aqueous solution by corncob biochar[J].Environmental Chemistry,2017,36(4):898-906.)
[24] 王树伦,蒋煜峰,周敏,等.天然腐殖酸对柴油在寒旱区黄土上吸附特性的影响[J].安全与环境学报,2012,12(3):66-70.(WANG Shulun,JIANG Yufeng,ZHOU Min,et al.Influence of the natural humic acid on the adsorption behavior of diesel oil on loess soil[J].Journal of Safety & Environment,2012,12(3):66-70.)
[25] 林宁,张晗,贾珍珍,等.不同生物质来源生物炭对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附特性[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(5):992-998.(LIN Ning,ZHANG Han,JIA Zhenzhen,et al.Adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) by biochars derived from three types of biomass[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2016,35(5):992-998.)
[26] 邵云,陈静雯,王温澎,等.四种有机物料对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附特性[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(9):1858-1867.(SHAO Yun,CHEN Jingwen,WANG Wenpeng,et al.Adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) by different organic materials in aqueous solution[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(9):1858-1867.)Adsorption of Petroleum Pollutants Released From Soil by BiocharWANG Beibei LIU Qi ZHANG Shengnan YOU Hanyang MA Yanfei AN JiutaoDifferent sources of biochar were used as adsorbents to study the adsorption properties of petroleum hydrocarbons.Batch experiments were conducted to investigate effects of process conditions on the adsorption capacity,and the kinetic and isothermal adsorption fitting were performed.
[2] 刘文超,李晓森,刘永民,等.石油污染土壤修复技术应用现状[J].油田化学,2015,32(2):307-312.(LIU Wenchao,LI Xiaosen,LIU Yongmin,et al.The application status in remediation of petroleum contaminated soil[J].Oilfield Chemistry,2015,32(2):307-312.)
[3] 张涵,张秀霞,尚琼琼,等.秸秆载体腐解对微生物修复石油污染的影响[J].石油学报(石油加工),2016,32(4):767-772.(ZHANG Han,ZHANG Xiuxia,SHANG Qiongqiong,et al.Effect of straw carrier decomposition on remediation of petroleum contaminated soil by microorganism[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica (Petroleum Processing Section),2016,32(4):767-772.)
[4] HUSSAIN I,PUSCHENREITER M,GERHARD S,et al.Rhizoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils:Improvement opportunities and field applications[J].Environmental & Experimental Botany,2017,147(3):202-219.
[5] 薛明霞.石油在土-水系统中的迁移转化机理与含油废水的处理研究[D].西安:长安大学,2007.
[6] 耿春香,路帅.西北地区土壤中石油类污染物的垂直渗透规律[J].环境污染与防治,2003,25(1):61-62.(GENG Chunxiang,LU Shuai.A vertical transfer regularity of oil pollutant in the soil of the northwest[J].Environment Pollution & Control,2003,25(1):61-62.)
[7] 张博.石油污染物在土壤中迁移规律及修复技术研究[D].大庆:东北石油大学,2017.
[8] 郑红婷,张秀霞,钟哲森,等.石油污染土壤中漆酶活性的影响因素[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(10):5703-5707.(ZHENG Hongting,ZHANG Xiuxia,ZHONG Zhesen,et al.Influence factors of laccase activity in oil-contaminated soil[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2017,11(10):5703-5707.)
[9] GARRISON T,HOWER J C,FRYAR A E,et al.Water and soil quality at two eastern-Kentucky (USA) coal fires[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(7):1-13.
[10] FILHO C M C,MATIAS T,DUR?ES L,et al.Efficient simultaneous removal of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants by a hydro pH obic silica aerogel-like material[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2017,520(5):550-560.
[11] YANG K,JIANG Y,YANG J,et al.Correlations and adsorption mechanisms of aromatic compounds on biochars produced from various biomass at 700 ℃[J].Environmental Pollution,2017,233(10):64-70.
[12] RAO M A,SIMEONE G D R,SCELZA R,et al.Biochar based remediation of water and soil contaminated by pH enanthrene and pentachlorophenol[J].Chemosphere,2017,186(11):193-201.
[13] JIN J,SUN K,LIU W,et al.Isolation and characterization of biochar-derived organic matter fractions and their pH enanthrene sorption[J].Environmental Pollution,2018,236(5):745-753.
[14] LI H,QU R,LI C,et al.Selective removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from soil washing effluents using biochars produced at different pyrolytic temperatures[J].Bioresour Technol,2014,163(7):193-198.
[15] ZHANG X,SARMAH A K,BOLAN N S,et al.Effect of aging process on adsorption of diethyl pH thalate in soils amended with bamboo biochar[J].Chemosphere,2016,142(1):28-34.
[16] ZHANG X,HE L,SARMAH A K,et al.Retention and release of diethyl pH thalate in biochar-amended vegetable garden soils[J].Journal of Soils & Sediments Protection Risk Assessment & Rem,2014,14(11):1790-1799.
[17] BEESLEY L,MORENO-JIM? E,GOMEZ-EYLES J L.Effects of biochar and greenwaste compost amendments on mobility,bioavailability and toxicity of inorganic and organic contaminants in a multi-element polluted soil[J].Environmental Pollution,2010,158(6):2282-2287.
[18] WANG F,REN X,SUN H,et al.Sorption of polychlorinated biphenyls onto biochars derived from corn straw and the effect of propranolol[J].Bioresour Technol,2016,219(11):458-465.
[19] SIGMUND G,POYNTNER C,PI?AR G,et al.Influence of compost and biochar on microbial communities and the sorption/degradation of PAHs and NSO-substituted PAHs in contaminated soils[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2017,345(3):107-113.
[20] 林珈羽,张越,刘沅,等.不同原料和炭化温度下制备的生物炭结构及性质[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(6):3200-3206.(LIN Jiayu,ZHANG Yue,LIU Yuan,et al.Structure and properties of biochar under different materials and carbonization temperatures[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(6):3200-3206.)
[21] 解岳,黄廷林,王志盈,等.河流沉积物中石油类污染物吸附与释放规律的实验研究[J].环境工程,2000,18(3):59-61.(XIE Yue,HUANG Tinglin,WANG Zhiying,et al.An experimental study of petroleum pollutant’s adsorption on and release from river sediments[J].Environmental Engineering,2000,18(3):59-61.)
[22] 吴晴雯,孟梁,张志豪,等.芦苇秸秆生物炭对水中菲和1,1-二氯乙烯的吸附特性[J].环境科学,2016,(2):680-688.(WU Qingwen,MENG Liang,ZHANG Zhihao,et al.Sorption characteristics of pH enanthrene and 1,1-dichloroethene onto reed straw biochar in aquatic solutions[J].Environmental Science,2016,(2):680-688.)
[23] 马锋锋,赵保卫.玉米芯生物炭吸附水中对硝基苯酚的特性[J].环境化学,2017,36(4):898-906.(MA Fengfeng,ZHAO Baowei.Adsorption characteristics of p-nitrophenol in aqueous solution by corncob biochar[J].Environmental Chemistry,2017,36(4):898-906.)
[24] 王树伦,蒋煜峰,周敏,等.天然腐殖酸对柴油在寒旱区黄土上吸附特性的影响[J].安全与环境学报,2012,12(3):66-70.(WANG Shulun,JIANG Yufeng,ZHOU Min,et al.Influence of the natural humic acid on the adsorption behavior of diesel oil on loess soil[J].Journal of Safety & Environment,2012,12(3):66-70.)
[25] 林宁,张晗,贾珍珍,等.不同生物质来源生物炭对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附特性[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(5):992-998.(LIN Ning,ZHANG Han,JIA Zhenzhen,et al.Adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) by biochars derived from three types of biomass[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2016,35(5):992-998.)
[26] 邵云,陈静雯,王温澎,等.四种有机物料对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附特性[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(9):1858-1867.(SHAO Yun,CHEN Jingwen,WANG Wenpeng,et al.Adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) by different organic materials in aqueous solution[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(9):1858-1867.)Adsorption of Petroleum Pollutants Released From Soil by BiocharWANG Beibei LIU Qi ZHANG Shengnan YOU Hanyang MA Yanfei AN JiutaoDifferent sources of biochar were used as adsorbents to study the adsorption properties of petroleum hydrocarbons.Batch experiments were conducted to investigate effects of process conditions on the adsorption capacity,and the kinetic and isothermal adsorption fitting were performed.
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