γ-聚谷氨酸对土壤水分入渗和水盐运移的影响
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摘要
γ-聚谷氨酸(Poly-γ-glutamicacid,γ-PGA)是一种优良的新型环保高分子材料,具有良好的吸水性、超强的吸附性和生物可降解性,节水潜力较大。通过室内土柱模拟试验,研究了不同γ-PGA施量(0,1%,3%,5%)对土壤水分入渗和水盐运移的影响。结果表明:随着γ-PGA施量的增加,土壤的入渗能力与湿润锋运移速度均减弱,稳定入渗率显著减小,与对照相比,添加1%,3%,5%γ-PGA的累积入渗量分别减小16.22%,40.34%,54.72%,湿润锋峰值分别减小了17.74%,52.32%,61.61%;随着γ-PGA施量的增加,Philip公式中的吸渗率(S)从1.669减小到0.854;Kostiakov公式中的经验系数(K)从0.855减小到0.792,经验指数(β)从0.356增加到0.480,且γ-PGA施量与S和K之间呈线性负相关,其斜率分别为-16.583,-1.195;添加γ-PGA可改变土壤水盐的分布特征;随着γ-PGA施量的增加,表层土壤(0—10 cm土层)的含水率呈增加趋势,10 cm以下土壤的含水率呈减小趋势,但含盐量的土壤剖面变化趋势则与含水量呈相反的趋势,表明γ-PGA可减少土壤水分的下渗,显著增加土壤的滞水能力,然而聚谷氨酸对土壤盐分运移没有显著影响。该研究为γ-PGA作为节水控盐的土壤改良剂提供了理论依据。
Poly-gamma-glutamic acid(γ-PGA) is a new type of environmental friendly polymer material. It has good water absorption, super adsorption and biodegradability, and has great potential for water saving. In this paper, the effects of different γ-PGA application rates(0, 1%, 3%, 5%) on soil water infiltration and soil water and salt transport were studied through indoor soil column simulation experiments. The results showed that with the increase of γ-PGA application rates, both the infiltration capacity and the wetting front movement velocity of soil decreased, and the stable infiltration rate also decreased significantly. Compared with the control, the cumulative infiltrations with 1%, 3% and 5% γ-PGA applied decreased by 16.22%, 40.34% and 54.72% respectively. The advancing distances of wetting fronts decreased by 17.74%, 52.32% and 61.61% respectively. The simulation results of two kinds of infiltration model parameters showed that the absorption rate(S) in Philip formula decreased from 1.669 to 0.854 when the amount of γ-PGA was increased. The empirical coefficient(K) in the Kostiakov formula reduced from 0.855 to 0.792. The empirical index(β) increased from 0.356 to 0.480, and there was a linear negative correlation between the amount of γ-PGA application and the parameters of S and K. The slopes were-16.583 and-1.195 respectively. The application of γ-PGA changed the water and salt distribution in soil profile.With the increase of γ-PGA application, the water content of surface soil(0-10 cm soil layer) increased, while that of deep soil(below 10 cm soil layer) decreased, but the change trend of the salinity in soil profile was opposite to that of soil water. This indicated that γ-PGA could reduce the infiltration of soil water and significantly increase the water holding capacity of soil. At the same time, γ-PGA could significantly improve the salt leaching in the soil surface. This study provides a theoretical basis for the use of γ-PGA in water saving and removal of soil salt as a soil amendment.
Poly-gamma-glutamic acid(γ-PGA) is a new type of environmental friendly polymer material. It has good water absorption, super adsorption and biodegradability, and has great potential for water saving. In this paper, the effects of different γ-PGA application rates(0, 1%, 3%, 5%) on soil water infiltration and soil water and salt transport were studied through indoor soil column simulation experiments. The results showed that with the increase of γ-PGA application rates, both the infiltration capacity and the wetting front movement velocity of soil decreased, and the stable infiltration rate also decreased significantly. Compared with the control, the cumulative infiltrations with 1%, 3% and 5% γ-PGA applied decreased by 16.22%, 40.34% and 54.72% respectively. The advancing distances of wetting fronts decreased by 17.74%, 52.32% and 61.61% respectively. The simulation results of two kinds of infiltration model parameters showed that the absorption rate(S) in Philip formula decreased from 1.669 to 0.854 when the amount of γ-PGA was increased. The empirical coefficient(K) in the Kostiakov formula reduced from 0.855 to 0.792. The empirical index(β) increased from 0.356 to 0.480, and there was a linear negative correlation between the amount of γ-PGA application and the parameters of S and K. The slopes were-16.583 and-1.195 respectively. The application of γ-PGA changed the water and salt distribution in soil profile.With the increase of γ-PGA application, the water content of surface soil(0-10 cm soil layer) increased, while that of deep soil(below 10 cm soil layer) decreased, but the change trend of the salinity in soil profile was opposite to that of soil water. This indicated that γ-PGA could reduce the infiltration of soil water and significantly increase the water holding capacity of soil. At the same time, γ-PGA could significantly improve the salt leaching in the soil surface. This study provides a theoretical basis for the use of γ-PGA in water saving and removal of soil salt as a soil amendment.
引文
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[14] Doran J W,Zeiss M R.Soil health and sustainability:Managing the biotic component of soil quality [J].Applied Soil Ecology,2000,15(1):3-11.
[15] 蔡志坚.γ-聚谷氨酸活化磷矿粉对Pb污染土壤铅形态及小白菜生长的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2010.
[16] 陈勉,陈磊,孙康,等.γ-聚谷氨酸研究进展[J].食品与药品,2018,20(1):75-80.
[17] 王洪斌,成明,盛菊,等.γ-聚谷氨酸明胶膜对重金属离子吸附特性研究[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(19):3956-3959.
[18] 张静,程圆,李静,等.γ-聚谷氨酸对土壤环境的影响研究进展[J].农技服务,2014,31(12):4-6.
[19] 黄巧义,唐拴虎,李苹,等.包膜材料γ-聚谷氨酸对菜心的农学效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(6):1645-1654.
[2] Buescher M,Margaritis A.Microbial biosynthesis of polyglutamic acid biopolymer and application in the biopharmaceutical,biomedical and food industries [J].Critical Reviews in Biotechnology,2007,27(1):1-19.
[3] Bajaj I,Singhal R.Poly (glutamic acid):An emerging biopolymer of commercial interest [J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(10):5551-5561.
[4] Lim S M,Kim J,Shim J Y,et al.Effect of poly-γ-glutamic acids (PGA) on oil uptake and sensory quality indoughnuts[J] .Food Science and Biotechnology,2012,21(1):247-252.
[5] 钟文艺,王家文.γ-聚谷氨酸材料固相法合成及研究[J].四川建材,2016,42(6):81-83.
[6] De Cesaro A,De Silva S B,De Silva V A,et al.Physico-chemical and rheological characterization of poly-gamma-glutamic acid produced by a new strain of Bacillussubtilis [J].European Polymer Journal,2014,57:91-98.
[7] Shyu Y S,Hwang J Y,Hsu C K.Improving the rheologicaland thermal properties of wheat dough by the addition of γ-polyglutamic acid [J].LWT-Food Science and Technology,2008,41(6):982-987.
[8] Yao J,Xu H,Wang J,et al.Removal of Cr(III),Ni(II) and Cu(II) by poly(gamma-glutamic acid) fromBacillus subtilis NX-2 [J].Journal of Biomaterials Science Polymer Edition,2007,18(2):193-204.
[9] Stephen I B,Chen B H.Dye adsorption characteristics ofmagnetite nanoparticles coated with a biopolymer poly (γ-glutamic acid) [J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(19):8868-8876.
[10] 窦春妍,李政,何贵东,等.γ-聚谷氨酸水凝胶的制备及其应用[J].化学进展,2018,30(8):1161-1171.
[11] 王传海,何都良,郑有飞,等.保水剂新材料γ-聚谷氨酸的吸水性能和生物学效应的初步研究[J].中国农业气象,2004,25(2):19-22.
[12] 鞠蕾,马霞,张佳.γ-聚谷氨酸的发酵及保水性能[J].中国酿造,2011(7):57-60.
[13] 史文娟,梁嘉平,陶汪海,等.添加γ-聚谷氨酸减少土壤水分深层渗漏提高持水能力[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(23):94-100.
[14] Doran J W,Zeiss M R.Soil health and sustainability:Managing the biotic component of soil quality [J].Applied Soil Ecology,2000,15(1):3-11.
[15] 蔡志坚.γ-聚谷氨酸活化磷矿粉对Pb污染土壤铅形态及小白菜生长的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2010.
[16] 陈勉,陈磊,孙康,等.γ-聚谷氨酸研究进展[J].食品与药品,2018,20(1):75-80.
[17] 王洪斌,成明,盛菊,等.γ-聚谷氨酸明胶膜对重金属离子吸附特性研究[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(19):3956-3959.
[18] 张静,程圆,李静,等.γ-聚谷氨酸对土壤环境的影响研究进展[J].农技服务,2014,31(12):4-6.
[19] 黄巧义,唐拴虎,李苹,等.包膜材料γ-聚谷氨酸对菜心的农学效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(6):1645-1654.
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