农作物秸秆炭化后养分变化及还田效应
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摘要
旨在明确不同农作物秸秆炭化和焚烧后氮、磷、钾养分含量变化,秸秆直接还田和炭化还田下对旱作区玉米和水旱轮作区水稻产量及土壤理化性状的影响,本研究选取水稻、油菜、小麦、玉米秸秆,测定炭化和焚烧后氮、磷、钾含量和损失率变化及秸秆直接还田和炭化还田的旱作区玉米和水旱轮作区水稻产量及土壤理化性状变化。结果表明,作物秸秆炭化和焚烧后氮、磷、钾含量均不同程度提高,水稻和油菜秸秆炭化处理较焚烧处理氮含量显著提高5.79%和30.06%,4种作物秸秆焚烧处理较炭化处理均显著提高磷、钾含量。炭化处理较焚烧处理有效降低氮和磷养分的损失率。不同轮作制下秸秆炭化还田较秸秆还田均能提高作物产量和土壤理化性状。秸秆炭化还田较秸秆还田能提高旱作区玉米产量和水旱轮作区水稻产量,通过改善土壤理化性状来培肥土壤,且水旱轮作区施用效果优于旱作区。
The paper aims to explore the change of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents after the returning of crop straw biochar and burning, and the effects of straw returning and straw biochar returning of wheat on the yield and the physical and chemical properties of soil in the paddy-upland rotation field and the dry farming area. We measured nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents and the loss rate of burning and biochar of rice, rapeseed, wheat and corn straw, and the changes of straw returning and straw biochar returning on the crop yield and the physical and chemical properties of soil. The results showed that nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents after the returning of straw biochar and the burning increased in different degrees; compared with burning treatment, the nitrogen content of straw biochar treatments significantly increased by 5.79% and 30.06% by rice and rapeseed straw; compared with straw biochar, the phosphorus and potassium contents of straw burning significantly increased; the loss rate of nitrogen and phosphorus were decreased by straw biochar. The crop yields and the physical and chemical properties of soil are increased under the straw biochar returning in different rotation systems, the straw returning in the paddy-upland rotation field is superior to that in the dry farming area.
The paper aims to explore the change of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents after the returning of crop straw biochar and burning, and the effects of straw returning and straw biochar returning of wheat on the yield and the physical and chemical properties of soil in the paddy-upland rotation field and the dry farming area. We measured nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents and the loss rate of burning and biochar of rice, rapeseed, wheat and corn straw, and the changes of straw returning and straw biochar returning on the crop yield and the physical and chemical properties of soil. The results showed that nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents after the returning of straw biochar and the burning increased in different degrees; compared with burning treatment, the nitrogen content of straw biochar treatments significantly increased by 5.79% and 30.06% by rice and rapeseed straw; compared with straw biochar, the phosphorus and potassium contents of straw burning significantly increased; the loss rate of nitrogen and phosphorus were decreased by straw biochar. The crop yields and the physical and chemical properties of soil are increased under the straw biochar returning in different rotation systems, the straw returning in the paddy-upland rotation field is superior to that in the dry farming area.
引文
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[12]李娜,范树茂,陈梦凡,等.生物炭与秸秆还田对水稻土碳氮转化及相关酶活性的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2017,48(4):431-438.
[13]赵士诚,曹彩云,李科江,等.长期秸秆还田对华北潮土肥力、氮库组分及作物产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(6):1441-1449.
[14]刘军,景峰,李同花,等.秸秆还田对长期连作棉田土壤腐殖质组分含量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(2):293-302.
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[18]朱佳雷,王体健,邓君俊,等.长三角地区秸秆焚烧污染物排放清单及其在重霾污染天气模拟中的应[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(12):3045-3055.
[19]姜丽娜,胡乃月,马建辉,等.玉米秸秆还田条件下麦田氮素运转和籽粒产量对氮肥的响应[J].华北农学报,2016,31(6):177-184.
[20]房彬,李心清,赵斌,等.生物炭对旱作农田土壤理化性质及作物产量的影响[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(8):1292-1297.
[21] Mchenry M P. Soil organic carbon, biochar, and applicable research results for increasing farm productivity under Australian agricultural conditions[J]. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2011,42(10):1187-1199.
[22]尚杰,耿增超,陈心想,等.施用生物炭对旱作农田土壤有机碳、氮及其组分的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(3):509-517.
[23] Ogawa M, Okimori Y, Takahashi F. Carbon sequestration by carbonization of biomass and forestation:three case studies[J].Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change,2006,11(2):429-444.
[24]韩晓增,邹文秀,王凤仙,等.黑土肥沃耕层构建效应[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(12):2996-3002.
[2]郭冬生,黄春红.近10年来中国农作物秸秆资源量的时空分布与利用模式[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(4):948-954.
[3]韦茂贵,王晓玉,谢光辉.中国各省大田作物田间秸秆资源量及其时间分布[J].中国农业大学学报,2012,17(6):32-44.
[4]江永红,宇振荣,马永良.秸秆还田对农田生态系统及作物生长的影响[J].土壤通报,2001,32(5):209-213.
[5]安丰华,王志春,杨帆,等.秸秆还田研究进展[J].土壤与作物,2015,4(2):57-63.
[6]韩新忠,朱利群,杨敏芳,等.不同小麦秸秆还田量对水稻生长、土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(11):2192-2199.
[7]殷文,冯福学,赵财,等.小麦秸秆还田方式对轮作玉米干物质累积分配及产量的影响[J].作物学报,2016,42(5):751-757.
[8]王秋菊,常本超,张劲松,等.长期秸秆还田对白浆土物理性质及水稻产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(14):2748-2757.
[9]刘红江,郑建初,陈留根,等.秸秆还田对农田周年地表径流氮、磷、钾流失的影响[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(6):1031-1036.
[10]靳海洋,蒋向,杨习文,等.作物秸秆直接还田思考与秸秆多途径利用商榷[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(9):142-147.
[11]陈温福,张伟明,孟军.农用生物炭研究进展与前景[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(16):3324-3333.
[12]李娜,范树茂,陈梦凡,等.生物炭与秸秆还田对水稻土碳氮转化及相关酶活性的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2017,48(4):431-438.
[13]赵士诚,曹彩云,李科江,等.长期秸秆还田对华北潮土肥力、氮库组分及作物产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(6):1441-1449.
[14]刘军,景峰,李同花,等.秸秆还田对长期连作棉田土壤腐殖质组分含量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(2):293-302.
[15]胡乃娟,韩新忠,杨敏芳,等.秸秆还田对稻麦轮作农田活性有机碳组分含量、酶活性及产量的短期效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(2):371-377.
[16]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[17]曲晶晶,郑金伟,郑聚锋,等.小麦秸秆生物质炭对水稻产量及晚稻氮素利用率的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2012,28(3):288-293.
[18]朱佳雷,王体健,邓君俊,等.长三角地区秸秆焚烧污染物排放清单及其在重霾污染天气模拟中的应[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(12):3045-3055.
[19]姜丽娜,胡乃月,马建辉,等.玉米秸秆还田条件下麦田氮素运转和籽粒产量对氮肥的响应[J].华北农学报,2016,31(6):177-184.
[20]房彬,李心清,赵斌,等.生物炭对旱作农田土壤理化性质及作物产量的影响[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(8):1292-1297.
[21] Mchenry M P. Soil organic carbon, biochar, and applicable research results for increasing farm productivity under Australian agricultural conditions[J]. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2011,42(10):1187-1199.
[22]尚杰,耿增超,陈心想,等.施用生物炭对旱作农田土壤有机碳、氮及其组分的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(3):509-517.
[23] Ogawa M, Okimori Y, Takahashi F. Carbon sequestration by carbonization of biomass and forestation:three case studies[J].Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change,2006,11(2):429-444.
[24]韩晓增,邹文秀,王凤仙,等.黑土肥沃耕层构建效应[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(12):2996-3002.
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