碳氮比对鹅粪渣-玉米秸秆混合堆肥效果的影响
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摘要
【目的】本研究旨在探明鹅粪渣与玉米秸秆堆肥的最佳碳氮比,为鹅粪的资源化利用提供参考。【方法】采用固液分离后的鹅粪渣和收获玉米后玉米秸秆为试验材料,按不同碳氮比(C/N)进行桶装混合堆肥。试验共设6组,试验组C/N分别为15∶1、20∶1、25∶1、30∶1、35∶1,对照组以鹅粪渣堆肥发酵。堆肥期为7周,试验后第0、7、14、21、28、35、42、49天分别测定各组含水率、pH、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾及发芽势,同时记录堆体温度及气温变化,堆肥结束时,观察各堆体的颜色、气味和蓬松度。【结果】各组堆体高温期均达到8 d,其中C/N30组温度最高,达到60℃;堆肥结束时,各组含水率均显著下降(P<0.05),以C/N30组含水率最低,为59.90%;堆肥过程中各试验组pH值均先上升后下降;各组C/N值总体呈下降趋势;各组有机质含量先下降后稳定,以C/N25和C/N30组降幅最大,下降率为35.15%和34.48%;各组全氮、全磷、全钾含量均有所增加,其中各组全氮含量增加显著(P<0.05),以C/N30组增幅最大,为81.11%;C/N25、30和35组的全磷含量增幅显著高于其余组(P<0.05),分别为67.48%、67.50%、69.68%;堆肥结束时,除对照组外,各处理组发芽势均达到100%,且颜色及气味均表明已到达腐熟。【结论】综合判断,鹅粪渣与玉米秸秆在C/N为30时进行堆肥较为适宜。
【Objective】The experiment was conducted to explore optimum C/N ratio during goose manure composting with corn stover, and to provide a technological guidance for effective utilization of goose manure.【Method】The goose manure was homogenized with corn stover according to C/N ratio of 15∶1, 20∶1, 25∶1, 30∶1 and 35∶1 and then put into composting bins, and the compost of goose manure was as control.The experiment last for seven weeks. The sample was collected at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42,49 days to determine moisture content, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and seed germination percentage, and the temperature in compost and environmental temperature were monitored. 【Result】The results showed that the thermophilic duration of each group reached 8 days and the C/N30 group had higher maximum temperature, reaching 60 ℃. At the end of the composting, the moisture content in each group decreased significantly(P<0.05)and the C/N30 had lowest moisture content, which was 59.90 %. The initial organic matter content decreased and C/N25 has greatest reduction, followed by C/N30, which were 35.15 % and 34.48 %. The total nitrogen content in each treatment group increased significantly compared with the control(P<0.05)and the C/N30 had highest increase, which was 81.11 %. The growth rates of total phosphorus content in C/N25, C/N30 and C/N35 increased significantly compared with other groups(P<0.05), which were 67.48 %, 67.50 % and 69.68 % respectively. At the end of the composting, the germination percentage of each treatment reached 100 % and the color and odor shown to be maturity. 【Conclusion】 Therefore, C/N30 could be suggested in the composting of goose manure with corn stover.
【Objective】The experiment was conducted to explore optimum C/N ratio during goose manure composting with corn stover, and to provide a technological guidance for effective utilization of goose manure.【Method】The goose manure was homogenized with corn stover according to C/N ratio of 15∶1, 20∶1, 25∶1, 30∶1 and 35∶1 and then put into composting bins, and the compost of goose manure was as control.The experiment last for seven weeks. The sample was collected at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42,49 days to determine moisture content, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and seed germination percentage, and the temperature in compost and environmental temperature were monitored. 【Result】The results showed that the thermophilic duration of each group reached 8 days and the C/N30 group had higher maximum temperature, reaching 60 ℃. At the end of the composting, the moisture content in each group decreased significantly(P<0.05)and the C/N30 had lowest moisture content, which was 59.90 %. The initial organic matter content decreased and C/N25 has greatest reduction, followed by C/N30, which were 35.15 % and 34.48 %. The total nitrogen content in each treatment group increased significantly compared with the control(P<0.05)and the C/N30 had highest increase, which was 81.11 %. The growth rates of total phosphorus content in C/N25, C/N30 and C/N35 increased significantly compared with other groups(P<0.05), which were 67.48 %, 67.50 % and 69.68 % respectively. At the end of the composting, the germination percentage of each treatment reached 100 % and the color and odor shown to be maturity. 【Conclusion】 Therefore, C/N30 could be suggested in the composting of goose manure with corn stover.
引文
[1]侯水生.2016年水禽产业现状、技术研究进展及展望[J].中国畜牧杂志,2017,53(6):143-147.
[2]杨海明.扬州鹅繁殖的光照调控及下丘脑基因差异表达研究[D].扬州:扬州大学,2014.
[3]侯超,李永彬,徐鹏翔,等.筒仓式堆肥反应器不同通风量对堆肥效果的影响[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(8):4737-4744.
[4]江滔,常佳丽,马旭光,等.堆肥中不同氮素原位固定剂的综合比较研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(2):369-375.
[5]鲁耀雄,崔新卫,龙世平,等.不同促腐菌剂对有机废弃物堆肥效果的研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017,(4):147-153.
[6]王秀茹.养鹅场废弃物对环境的污染及处理与利用[J].家禽科学,2017(9):38-40.
[7]张国,逯非,赵红,等.我国农作物秸秆资源化利用现状及农户对秸秆还田的认知态度[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(5):981-988.
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[10]Keller P.Methods to evaluate maturity of compost[J].Compost Science,1961,2(7):20-26.
[11]陈雅娟,霍培书,程旭艳,等.物料C/N对鸡粪锯末高温堆肥腐熟过程主要指标的影响研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2012,17(5):118-123.
[12]Mahimairaja S,Bolan N S,Hedley M J,et al.Losses and transformation of nitrogen during composting of poultry manure with different amendments:An incubation experiment[J].Bioresource Technology,1994,47(3):265-273.
[13]Rynk R.Monitoring moisture in composting systems[J].Biocycle,2000,41(10):53-57.
[14]Macgregor S T,Miller F C,Psarianos K M,et al.Composting process control based on interaction between microbial heat output and temperature[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1981,41(6):1321.
[15]刘超,王若斐,操一凡,等.不同碳氮比下牛粪高温堆肥腐熟进程研究[J].土壤通报,2017,48(3):662-668.
[16]郑欢,刘俊超,张健,等.不同C/N比条件下污泥好氧堆肥研究[J].轻工科技,2014(4):70-72.
[17]秦莉,沈玉君,李国学,等.不同C/N比对堆肥腐熟度和含氮气体排放变化的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(12):2668-2673.
[18]赵建荣,高德才,汪建飞,等.不同C/N下鸡粪麦秸高温堆肥腐熟过程研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(5):1014-1020.
[19]赵秀玲,朱新萍,罗艳丽,等.温度与秸秆比例对牛粪好氧堆肥的影响[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(1):334-340.
[20]赵晨阳,李洪枚,魏源送,等.翻堆频率对猪粪条垛堆肥过程温室气体和氨气排放的影响[J].环境科学,2014,35(2):533-540.
[22]韦小庆.玉米秸秆与畜禽粪便堆料发酵技术研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2012.
[22]王亚,李子富,冯瑞,等.沉水植物与2种不同辅料混合好氧堆肥[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(6):3759-3766.
[23]Zhu N.Effect of low initial C/N ratio on aerobic composting of swine manure with rice straw[J].Bioresource Technology,2007,98(1):9-13.
[24]王桂珍,李兆君,张树清,等.碳氮比对鸡粪堆肥中土霉素降解和堆肥参数的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(7):1399-1407.
[25]董春欣,王玉军.鸡粪堆肥过程中的挥发性气体控制效果分析[J].吉林农业大学学报,2014,36(6):680-684.
[26]关静姝.碳氮比对牛粪好氧堆肥过程的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2007.
[2]杨海明.扬州鹅繁殖的光照调控及下丘脑基因差异表达研究[D].扬州:扬州大学,2014.
[3]侯超,李永彬,徐鹏翔,等.筒仓式堆肥反应器不同通风量对堆肥效果的影响[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(8):4737-4744.
[4]江滔,常佳丽,马旭光,等.堆肥中不同氮素原位固定剂的综合比较研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(2):369-375.
[5]鲁耀雄,崔新卫,龙世平,等.不同促腐菌剂对有机废弃物堆肥效果的研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017,(4):147-153.
[6]王秀茹.养鹅场废弃物对环境的污染及处理与利用[J].家禽科学,2017(9):38-40.
[7]张国,逯非,赵红,等.我国农作物秸秆资源化利用现状及农户对秸秆还田的认知态度[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(5):981-988.
[8]Morel J L,Colin F,Germon J C,et al.Methods for the evaluation of the maturity of municipal refuse compost[A]//In:Gasser T K R.Composting of agriculture and other wastes[M].London & New York:Elsevier Applied Science Publish,1985:56-72.
[9]Zucconi F,Pera A,Forte M,et al.Evaluating toxicity of immature compost[J].Biocycle,1981,22(2):54-57.
[10]Keller P.Methods to evaluate maturity of compost[J].Compost Science,1961,2(7):20-26.
[11]陈雅娟,霍培书,程旭艳,等.物料C/N对鸡粪锯末高温堆肥腐熟过程主要指标的影响研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2012,17(5):118-123.
[12]Mahimairaja S,Bolan N S,Hedley M J,et al.Losses and transformation of nitrogen during composting of poultry manure with different amendments:An incubation experiment[J].Bioresource Technology,1994,47(3):265-273.
[13]Rynk R.Monitoring moisture in composting systems[J].Biocycle,2000,41(10):53-57.
[14]Macgregor S T,Miller F C,Psarianos K M,et al.Composting process control based on interaction between microbial heat output and temperature[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1981,41(6):1321.
[15]刘超,王若斐,操一凡,等.不同碳氮比下牛粪高温堆肥腐熟进程研究[J].土壤通报,2017,48(3):662-668.
[16]郑欢,刘俊超,张健,等.不同C/N比条件下污泥好氧堆肥研究[J].轻工科技,2014(4):70-72.
[17]秦莉,沈玉君,李国学,等.不同C/N比对堆肥腐熟度和含氮气体排放变化的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(12):2668-2673.
[18]赵建荣,高德才,汪建飞,等.不同C/N下鸡粪麦秸高温堆肥腐熟过程研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(5):1014-1020.
[19]赵秀玲,朱新萍,罗艳丽,等.温度与秸秆比例对牛粪好氧堆肥的影响[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(1):334-340.
[20]赵晨阳,李洪枚,魏源送,等.翻堆频率对猪粪条垛堆肥过程温室气体和氨气排放的影响[J].环境科学,2014,35(2):533-540.
[22]韦小庆.玉米秸秆与畜禽粪便堆料发酵技术研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2012.
[22]王亚,李子富,冯瑞,等.沉水植物与2种不同辅料混合好氧堆肥[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(6):3759-3766.
[23]Zhu N.Effect of low initial C/N ratio on aerobic composting of swine manure with rice straw[J].Bioresource Technology,2007,98(1):9-13.
[24]王桂珍,李兆君,张树清,等.碳氮比对鸡粪堆肥中土霉素降解和堆肥参数的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(7):1399-1407.
[25]董春欣,王玉军.鸡粪堆肥过程中的挥发性气体控制效果分析[J].吉林农业大学学报,2014,36(6):680-684.
[26]关静姝.碳氮比对牛粪好氧堆肥过程的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2007.
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