贵州山地烤烟种植制度对黄壤农田肥力的影响
|
摘要
为探究不同烤烟种植制度对贵州山地黄壤理化性质和生物学指标的影响,本研究以贵州省植烟土壤肥力与肥料效益监测基地10年(2008～2017年)长期定位施肥试验为平台,系统分析了烤烟-冬闲-烤烟连作(NR)与烤烟-冬闲-玉米轮作(R)两种种植制度对该地区黄壤农田养分、容重、孔隙度及微生物数量的影响。研究结果表明,与NR处理相比,R处理能够减缓土壤中氮、磷、钾全量和速效形态养分含量的累积强度,减少土壤有机碳的损失,缓解因施用化肥导致的土壤酸化,稳定土壤中细菌、放线菌、真菌数量构成,但对土壤容重和孔隙度无显著影响。因此,本研究推荐在黄壤农田中采用烤烟-冬闲-玉米轮作制度,以促进其可持续利用。研究结果同时也为贵州山地烤烟种植制度下的施肥管理及养分利用提供了理论依据。
In order to provide a basis for promoting soil fertilizer management and nutrient utilization of tobacco rotation systems in southwest mountain area,it is necessary to study the effects of long-term application of different tobacco rotation systems on soil chemical,physical and biological properties.The research was conducted at a 10-year long-term fertilizer experiment in yellow soil in Guizhou,China,two treatments were set up,including continuous cropping of tobacco(NR)and rotations of tobacco and maize(R).Soil chemical nutrients,bulk density,soil porosity and amount of soil microbes were determined.The results showed that the less intensity of soil organic matter and the accumulation intensity of soil total nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and available phosphorus,potassium were reduced in R treatment in the yellow soil compared with NR treatment.In addition,the declining of soil pH slowed down under R treatment.Meanwhile,the number of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes were stabilized in the soil treated by R compared with NR.However,no significant difference of soil bulk density and porosity were observed between the two cropping patterns(P>0.05).Therefore,it was suggested that the adoption of maize-tobacco rotation patterns should be used in yellow soil to maintain the sustainable utilization of farmland.
In order to provide a basis for promoting soil fertilizer management and nutrient utilization of tobacco rotation systems in southwest mountain area,it is necessary to study the effects of long-term application of different tobacco rotation systems on soil chemical,physical and biological properties.The research was conducted at a 10-year long-term fertilizer experiment in yellow soil in Guizhou,China,two treatments were set up,including continuous cropping of tobacco(NR)and rotations of tobacco and maize(R).Soil chemical nutrients,bulk density,soil porosity and amount of soil microbes were determined.The results showed that the less intensity of soil organic matter and the accumulation intensity of soil total nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and available phosphorus,potassium were reduced in R treatment in the yellow soil compared with NR treatment.In addition,the declining of soil pH slowed down under R treatment.Meanwhile,the number of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes were stabilized in the soil treated by R compared with NR.However,no significant difference of soil bulk density and porosity were observed between the two cropping patterns(P>0.05).Therefore,it was suggested that the adoption of maize-tobacco rotation patterns should be used in yellow soil to maintain the sustainable utilization of farmland.
引文
[1]邓阳春,黄建国.长期连作对烤烟产量和土壤养分的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(4):840-845.
[2]尤垂淮,高峰,王峰吉,等.连作对云南烤烟根际微生态及烟叶产质量的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2015,21(1):60-76.
[3]中华人民共和国农业农村部种植业管理司.http://www.zzys.moa.gov.cn/.2018.
[4]吕理展.迈向优质健康城市的城乡发展策略研究——以台湾新竹县为例[D].湖北:华中科技大学,2014.
[5]何文勤,王猛,黄嵬,等.卷烟销售市场景气指数的设计及其应用研究——以汉中市为例[J].中国烟草学报,2016,22(1):122-129.
[6]孙梦瑶.多重冲击对中国贫困地区农户食物安全的影响及应对策略研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2017.
[7]丁伟,叶江平,蒋卫,等.长期施肥对植烟土壤微生物的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(5):1168-1176.
[8]杨宇虹,晋艳,黄建国,等.长期施肥对植烟土壤微生物的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1168-1193.
[9]张瀛,彭怀俊,林水良,等.长期定位施肥对土壤有效氮含量及烤烟生长和产质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2011,33(5):49-53.
[10]刘彦伶,李渝,张雅蓉,等.长期施肥对黄壤性水稻土磷平衡及农学阈值的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(10):1903-1912.
[11]贵州省烤烟土壤区划项目组.贵州省烤烟土壤区划[M].贵阳:贵州人民出版社,2015.
[12]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1981.
[13]依艳丽.土壤物理研究方法[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2009.
[14]沈萍,陈向东.微生物学实验[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007.
[15]徐建明,张甘霖,谢正苗,等.土壤质量指标与评价[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[16]郑朝霞,王颖,石磊,等.陕西省苹果主产区土壤有机质、氮磷钾养分含量与分布特征[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(5):1191-1198.
[17]宋震震,李絮花,李娟,等.有机肥和化肥长期施用对土壤活性有机氮组分及酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(3):525-533.
[18]李菲,李娟,龙健,等.典型喀斯特山地植被类型对土壤有机碳、氮的影响[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(12):3374-3381.
[19]蒋宇洲.贵州黄壤玉米-烤烟轮作体系氮素去向研究[D].大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2016.
[20]宋丽萍,罗珠珠,李玲玲,等.苜蓿-作物轮作模式对土壤团聚体稳定性及有机碳的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(1):27-35.
[21]张丽莉,武志杰,陈利军,等.不同种植制度土壤氧化还原酶活性和动力学特征[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(1):343-347.
[22]肖厚军,魏全全,赵欢,等.烤烟对稻-烟轮作水稻季不同施氮后效的响应[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018,(2):75-81.
[23]张艳.烤烟连作与烤烟-玉米轮作对烟叶品质和土壤养分的影响[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(8):45-48.
[24]罗茜.不同轮作方式与种植年限对植烟土壤肥力因子的影响[D].成都:四川农业大学,2015.
[25]罗世琼,黄建国,袁玲.野生黄花蒿土壤的养分状况与微生物特征[J].土壤学报,2014,51(4):868-879.
[26]李显刚,班镁光,周泽英,等.土壤微生物生态学在农业中的应用研究综述[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015,(2):5-11.
[27]张国栋,展星,李园园,等.有机物料发酵流体和堆肥对苹果连作土壤环境及平邑甜茶幼苗生物量的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(11):3663-3673.
[28]龚芳芳,樊卫国.外源柠檬酸对石灰性黄壤养分活化及刺梨实生苗养分吸收与生长的影响[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(11):2164-2177.
[29]代迪,字洪标,杨有芳,等.高寒草甸土壤微生物功能多样性对氮肥添加的响应[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(2):137-144.
[2]尤垂淮,高峰,王峰吉,等.连作对云南烤烟根际微生态及烟叶产质量的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2015,21(1):60-76.
[3]中华人民共和国农业农村部种植业管理司.http://www.zzys.moa.gov.cn/.2018.
[4]吕理展.迈向优质健康城市的城乡发展策略研究——以台湾新竹县为例[D].湖北:华中科技大学,2014.
[5]何文勤,王猛,黄嵬,等.卷烟销售市场景气指数的设计及其应用研究——以汉中市为例[J].中国烟草学报,2016,22(1):122-129.
[6]孙梦瑶.多重冲击对中国贫困地区农户食物安全的影响及应对策略研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2017.
[7]丁伟,叶江平,蒋卫,等.长期施肥对植烟土壤微生物的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(5):1168-1176.
[8]杨宇虹,晋艳,黄建国,等.长期施肥对植烟土壤微生物的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1168-1193.
[9]张瀛,彭怀俊,林水良,等.长期定位施肥对土壤有效氮含量及烤烟生长和产质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2011,33(5):49-53.
[10]刘彦伶,李渝,张雅蓉,等.长期施肥对黄壤性水稻土磷平衡及农学阈值的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(10):1903-1912.
[11]贵州省烤烟土壤区划项目组.贵州省烤烟土壤区划[M].贵阳:贵州人民出版社,2015.
[12]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1981.
[13]依艳丽.土壤物理研究方法[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2009.
[14]沈萍,陈向东.微生物学实验[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007.
[15]徐建明,张甘霖,谢正苗,等.土壤质量指标与评价[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[16]郑朝霞,王颖,石磊,等.陕西省苹果主产区土壤有机质、氮磷钾养分含量与分布特征[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(5):1191-1198.
[17]宋震震,李絮花,李娟,等.有机肥和化肥长期施用对土壤活性有机氮组分及酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(3):525-533.
[18]李菲,李娟,龙健,等.典型喀斯特山地植被类型对土壤有机碳、氮的影响[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(12):3374-3381.
[19]蒋宇洲.贵州黄壤玉米-烤烟轮作体系氮素去向研究[D].大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2016.
[20]宋丽萍,罗珠珠,李玲玲,等.苜蓿-作物轮作模式对土壤团聚体稳定性及有机碳的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(1):27-35.
[21]张丽莉,武志杰,陈利军,等.不同种植制度土壤氧化还原酶活性和动力学特征[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(1):343-347.
[22]肖厚军,魏全全,赵欢,等.烤烟对稻-烟轮作水稻季不同施氮后效的响应[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018,(2):75-81.
[23]张艳.烤烟连作与烤烟-玉米轮作对烟叶品质和土壤养分的影响[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(8):45-48.
[24]罗茜.不同轮作方式与种植年限对植烟土壤肥力因子的影响[D].成都:四川农业大学,2015.
[25]罗世琼,黄建国,袁玲.野生黄花蒿土壤的养分状况与微生物特征[J].土壤学报,2014,51(4):868-879.
[26]李显刚,班镁光,周泽英,等.土壤微生物生态学在农业中的应用研究综述[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015,(2):5-11.
[27]张国栋,展星,李园园,等.有机物料发酵流体和堆肥对苹果连作土壤环境及平邑甜茶幼苗生物量的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(11):3663-3673.
[28]龚芳芳,樊卫国.外源柠檬酸对石灰性黄壤养分活化及刺梨实生苗养分吸收与生长的影响[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(11):2164-2177.
[29]代迪,字洪标,杨有芳,等.高寒草甸土壤微生物功能多样性对氮肥添加的响应[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(2):137-144.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |