四川省江安县某硫铁矿区周边农田土壤重金属来源解析及污染评价
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摘要
为全面了解四川省江安县某硫铁矿区对周边农田土壤的影响,系统采集207个表层土壤样品和10个背景土壤样品,对pH值和重金属含量进行测定,采用多元统计方法解析重金属的主要来源,并对土壤重金属污染指数评价、潜在生态风险进行研究。结果表明:研究区农田土壤重金属背景值受矿区影响普遍高于全国、四川省土壤背景值,存在不同程度的累积现象;多元统计分析结果显示Cr、Ni、Cu和Cd来源相似,主要受硫铁矿区工业活动影响;Hg和As主要来源于成土母质;Zn可能受人为活动和自然因素双重影响;研究区土壤Cd污染最严重,均值为1.55 mg·kg~(-1),超标率高达99.03%,Cu次之,超标率为37.20%,整体以中度污染为主;背景参比值的选取显著影响潜在风险评价结果,以研究区土壤背景值作为参比时,79.71%采样点存在中等生态风险,主要是Cd和Hg的风险较高。研究表明,硫铁矿区工业活动导致周边农田镉污染严重,本研究为后续耕地土壤污染防治提供科学依据。
To investigate the comprehensive influence of a pyrite mine on farmland soils in Jiang′an county, Sichuan Province, 207 surface soil samples and 10 background samples were collected to determine pH values and heavy metal concentrations. A multivariate analysis was applied to identify the potential sources of heavy metals. Pollution index assessment and potential ecological risk were also analyzed.The following results were obtained:background heavy metal content in the studied farmland soils was higher than the background values nationwide and Sichuan Province owing to the influence of the mining area, indicating the enrichment of heavy metals in the soil to different degrees; multivariate analysis results showed similar sources for Cr, Ni, Cu, and Cd, which was related to the industrial activity of the pyrite mining area; Hg and As were mainly affected by the parent soil materials; and Zn might originate from two sources; Cd seriously polluted the studied farmland soils with an average content of 1.55 mg·kg~(-1) and the percentage of exceeding standard accounted for 99.03%, followed by Cu(37.20%); the study area was at a moderate pollution level as a whole; and the potential ecological risk assessment was significantly influenced by the background reference values; when the background content of heavy metals in the studied area was selected as the reference value, 79.71% of the samples were at the mild potential ecological risk level, which was mainly attributed to Cd and Hg. Therefore, the industrial activity of the pyrite mining area led to severe Cd pollution in the surrounding farmland soil and the present study showed the potential to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of subsequent pollution.
To investigate the comprehensive influence of a pyrite mine on farmland soils in Jiang′an county, Sichuan Province, 207 surface soil samples and 10 background samples were collected to determine pH values and heavy metal concentrations. A multivariate analysis was applied to identify the potential sources of heavy metals. Pollution index assessment and potential ecological risk were also analyzed.The following results were obtained:background heavy metal content in the studied farmland soils was higher than the background values nationwide and Sichuan Province owing to the influence of the mining area, indicating the enrichment of heavy metals in the soil to different degrees; multivariate analysis results showed similar sources for Cr, Ni, Cu, and Cd, which was related to the industrial activity of the pyrite mining area; Hg and As were mainly affected by the parent soil materials; and Zn might originate from two sources; Cd seriously polluted the studied farmland soils with an average content of 1.55 mg·kg~(-1) and the percentage of exceeding standard accounted for 99.03%, followed by Cu(37.20%); the study area was at a moderate pollution level as a whole; and the potential ecological risk assessment was significantly influenced by the background reference values; when the background content of heavy metals in the studied area was selected as the reference value, 79.71% of the samples were at the mild potential ecological risk level, which was mainly attributed to Cd and Hg. Therefore, the industrial activity of the pyrite mining area led to severe Cd pollution in the surrounding farmland soil and the present study showed the potential to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of subsequent pollution.
引文
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[27]李卫平,王非,杨文焕,等.包头市南海湿地土壤重金属污染评价及来源解析[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(11):1977-1984.LI Wei-ping,WANG Fei,YANG Wen-huan,et al.Pollution assessment and source apportionment of heavy metals in Nanhai wetland soil of Baotou City[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2017,26(11):1977-1984.
[2]Huang Y,Chen Q Q,Deng M H,et al.Heavy metal pollution and health risk assessment of agricultural soils in a typical peri-urban area in southeast China[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2018,207:159-168.
[3]李玉梅,李海鹏,张连科,等.包头某铜厂周边土壤重金属分布特征及来源分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(7):1321-1328.LI Yu-mei,LI Hai-peng,ZHANG Lian-ke,et al.Distribution characteristics and source analysis of heavy metals in soil around a copper plant in Baotou,China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2016,35(7):1321-1328.
[4]Huang S H,Yuan C Y,Li Q,et al.Distribution and risk assessment of heavy metals in soils from a typical Pb-Zn mining area[J].Polish Journal of Environmental Studies,2017,26(3):1105-1112.
[5]Gao Y F,Liu H L,Liu G X.The spatial distribution and accumulation characteristics of heavy metals in steppe soils around three mining areas in Xilinhot in Inner Mongolia,China[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2017,24(32):25416-25430.
[6]Zhang Y M,Li S,Chen Z,et al.A systemic ecological risk assessment based on spatial distribution and source apportionment in the abandoned lead acid battery plant zone,China[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2018,354:170-179.
[7]Huang D W,Gui H R,Lin M L,et al.Chemical speciation distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soil from Sunan mining area,Anhui Province,China[J].Human and Ecological Risk Assessment:An International Journal,2018,24(6):1694-1709.
[8]周艳,陈樯,邓绍坡,等.西南某铅锌矿区农田土壤重金属空间主成分分析及生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2018,39(6):2884-2892.ZHOU Yan,CHEN Qiang,DENG Shao-po,et al.Principal component analysis and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in farmland soils around a Pb-Zn mine in southwestern China[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(6):2884-2892.
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[10]何沛南,何明友,白宪洲.基于GIS耕地土壤重金属元素异常信息提取及其污染源探讨[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2018,37(5):1-6.HE Pei-nan,HE Ming-you,BAI Xian-zhou.GIS-based extraction of informations of heavy metal elemental anomalies in farm soil and a discussion of their pollution sources[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,2018,37(5):1-6.
[11]Guo G H,Wu F C,Xie F Z,et al.Spatial distribution and pollution assessment of heavy metals in urban soils from southwest China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2012,24(3):410-418.
[12]尹国庆,江宏,王强,等.安徽省典型区农用地土壤重金属污染成因及特征分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(1):96-104.YIN Guo-qing,JIANG Hong,WANG Qiang,et al.Analysis of the sources and characteristics of heavy metals in farmland soil from a typical district in Anhui Province[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2018,37(1):96-104.
[13]陈凤,董泽琴,王程程,等.锌冶炼区耕地土壤和农作物重金属污染状况及风险评价[J].环境科学,2017,38(10):4360-4369.CHEN Feng,DONG Ze-qin,WANG Cheng-cheng,et al.Heavy metal contamination of soils and crops near a zinc smelter[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(10):4360-4369.
[14]郭鹏飞,仇雁翎,周仰原,等.杭州某污染场地土壤重金属污染调查及风险评价[J].云南化工,2018,45(5):212-216.GUO Peng-fei,QIU Yan-ling,ZHOU Yang-yuan,et al.Pollution investigation and risk assessment of heavy metals in soils from a contaminated site in Hangzhou[J].Yunnan Chemical Technology,2018,45(5):212-216.
[15]Hakanson L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control.Asedimentological approach[J].Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[16]张海珍,唐宇力,陆骏,等.西湖景区土壤典型重金属污染物的来源及空间分布特征[J].环境科学,2014,35(4):1516-1522.ZHANG Hai-zhen,TANG Yu-li,LU Jun,et al.Sources and spatial distribution of typical heavy metal pollutants in soils in Xihu scenic area[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(4):1516-1522.
[17]中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.China National Environmental Monitoring Centre.The background concentrations of soil elements in China[M].Beijing:Chinese Environment Science Press,1990.
[18]石兰英,田新民,王永林,等.兴凯湖地区天然沼泽和森林土壤重金属分布特征及潜在生态风险[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(22):4299-4303.SHI Lan-ying,TIAN Xin-min,WANG Yong-lin,et al.Distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals under natural marsh and forest soil in Xingkai Lake,China[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2017,56(22):4299-4303.
[19]李三中,徐华勤,陈建安,等.某矿区砷碱渣堆场周边土壤重金属污染评价及潜在生态风险分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(6):1141-1148.LI San-zhong,XU Hua-qin,CHEN Jian-an,et al.Pollutions and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in soils around waste arseniccontaining alkaline sites[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(6):1141-1148.
[20]吴劲楠,龙健,刘灵飞,等.某铅锌矿区农田重金属分布特征及其风险评价[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(3):1054-1063.WU Jin-nan,LONG Jian,LIU Ling-fei,et al.Spatial distribution and risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil of a leadzinc mining area[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(3):1054-1063.
[21]段续川,李苹,黄勇,等.北京市密云区农业土壤重金属元素地球化学特征及生态风险评价[J].现代地质,2018,32(1):95-104.DUAN Xu-chuan,LI Ping,HUANG Yong,et al.Geochemical characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metals in agricultural soils in Miyun district of Beijing[J].Geoscience,2018,32(1):95-104.
[22]易求实,李敦顺.从国家危险废物标准角度思考硫酸厂酸性废水处理技术[J].硫酸工业,2009(2):39-44.YI Qiu-shi,LI Dun-shun.Consideration on treatment technology of acidic wastewater in sulphuric acid plant from the national emission standards for hazardous waste[J].Sulphuric Acid Industry,2009(2):39-44.
[23]刘娟,王津,陈永亨,等.硫铁矿和冶炼废渣中毒害重金属形态分布特征及环境效应的研究[J].地球环境学报,2013,4(2):1243-1248.LIU Juan,WANG Jin,CHEN Yong-heng,et al.Study on heavy metals distribution in different geo-chemical species of pyrite mineral and smelting slag and their environmental effect[J].Journal of Earth Environment,2013,4(2):1243-1248.
[24]郑袁明,宋波,陈同斌,等.北京市不同土地利用方式下土壤锌的积累及其污染风险[J].自然资源学报,2006,21(1):64-72.ZHENG Yuan-ming,SONG Bo,CHEN Tong-bin,et al.Zinc accumulation and pollution risk in soils under different land use types in Beijing[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2006,21(1):64-72.
[25]Sun C Y,Zhao W J,Zhang Q Z,et al.Spatial distribution,sources apportionment and health risk of metals in topsoil in Beijing,China[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2016,13(7):727-740.
[26]吕建树,何华春.江苏海岸带土壤重金属来源解析及空间分布[J].环境科学,2018,39(6):2853-2864.LüJian-shu,HE Hua-chun.Identifying the origins and spatial distributions of heavy metals in the soils of the Jiangsu coast[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(6):2853-2864.
[27]李卫平,王非,杨文焕,等.包头市南海湿地土壤重金属污染评价及来源解析[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(11):1977-1984.LI Wei-ping,WANG Fei,YANG Wen-huan,et al.Pollution assessment and source apportionment of heavy metals in Nanhai wetland soil of Baotou City[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2017,26(11):1977-1984.
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