确定河道内适宜生态流量的几种水文学方法——以沙颍河周口段为例
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摘要
适宜生态流量是保障河流水生态系统健康的重要变量,合理评估适宜生态流量具有现实意义。以淮河流域典型河流沙颍河为研究对象,基于沙颍河周口水文站44年天然日流量数据,运用常用的5种水文学方法计算沙颍河的适宜生态流量,通过比较5种水文学方法在计算适宜生态流量方面的优劣发现:在水量需求方面,Q50_Q90法水量需求最大,Tennant法水量需求最小,Q50_Q90法会加重"三生"用水矛盾;在水文节律模拟方面,Tessman法、月流量变动法和Lyon法较Q50_Q90法和Tennant法有明显优势;在月流量满足率方面,Tennant法和Lyon法满足率最高,其中枯水期Lyon法满足率最高。综合考虑水量需求、水文节律和满足率三方面因素,Lyon法在计算沙颍河这类季节性河流的适宜生态流量结果最为合理。
As the amount of ecological flow is one of the important factors in maintain aquatic ecosystem,the accurate estimation of it has important practical significances.The Shaying River,a typical river in the Huai River Basin,was used in this study.In order to explore the advantages and disadvantages of five commonly used hydrological methods,the ecological flow was estimated based on the 44-year natural daily streamflow data at Zhoukou hydrological station.The results showed that the Q50_Q90 method had the largest water demand and the Tennant method had the smallest.Q50_Q90 method would increase water pressure.Meanwhile,the simulation result of natural flow regime with different hydrological methods showed that the Tessman method,the Monthly Flow variation method and the Lyon method all had obvious advantages over the Q50_Q90 method and the Tennant method.It was found that the Tennant method and the Lyon method had the highest satisfaction rates than the other method,and the Lyon method had the highest satisfaction rates in dry hydrological years than other four methods.Therefore,the Lyon method was the most reasonable method to calculate the ecological flow in seasonal river,such as Shaying River.
As the amount of ecological flow is one of the important factors in maintain aquatic ecosystem,the accurate estimation of it has important practical significances.The Shaying River,a typical river in the Huai River Basin,was used in this study.In order to explore the advantages and disadvantages of five commonly used hydrological methods,the ecological flow was estimated based on the 44-year natural daily streamflow data at Zhoukou hydrological station.The results showed that the Q50_Q90 method had the largest water demand and the Tennant method had the smallest.Q50_Q90 method would increase water pressure.Meanwhile,the simulation result of natural flow regime with different hydrological methods showed that the Tessman method,the Monthly Flow variation method and the Lyon method all had obvious advantages over the Q50_Q90 method and the Tennant method.It was found that the Tennant method and the Lyon method had the highest satisfaction rates than the other method,and the Lyon method had the highest satisfaction rates in dry hydrological years than other four methods.Therefore,the Lyon method was the most reasonable method to calculate the ecological flow in seasonal river,such as Shaying River.
引文
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[25]张锦,徐琳瑜.基于河道径流可变区间的河流水资源可开发利用率分析[J].水资源保护,2015(4):37-41.(ZHANG J,XU L Y.Analysis of exploitable rate of river water resource based on variable interval of river runoff[J].Water Resources Protection,2015(4):37-41.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3880/j.issn.1004 6933.2015.04.007.
[26] GE J,PENG W,HUANG W,et al.Quantitative assessment of flow regime alteration using a revised range of variability methods[J].Water,2018,10(5):597-608.DOI:10.3390/w10050597.
[27] SNELDER T H,J.BOOKER D.Nature flow regime classification are sensitive to definition procedures[J].River Research&Applications,2014,29(7):822-838.DOI:10.1002/rra.2581.
[28]WHEELER K,WENGER S J,FREEMAN M C.States and rates:Complementary approaches to developing flow-ecology relationships[J].Freshwater Biology,2017,8(14):1-11.DOI:10.1111/fwb.13001.
[29] JOWETT I G,RICHARDSON J,BONNETT M L.Relationship between flow regime and fish abundances in a gravel-bed river,New Zealand[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2010,66(5):1419-1436.DOI:10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00693.x.
[30] KLAAR M J,DUNBAR M J,WARREN M,et al.Developing hydroecological models to inform environmental flow standards:a case study from England[J].Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Water,2014,1(2):207-217.DOI:10.1002/wat2.1012.
[2] World Bank Group.World development indicators 2014[M].World Bank Publications,2014.DOI:10.1596/978-1-4648-0163-1.
[3]陈毅,郭纯青.北部湾经济区河流环境流量计算[J].中国农村水利水电,2012(1):8-12.(CHEN Y,GUO C Q.The calculation of environment flow of the economic region in beibu gulf[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2012(1):8-12.(in Chinese))DOI:10.7666/dy2095590.
[4] SHENTON W,BOND N R,JIAN D L Y,et al.Putting the“Ecology”into environmental flows:ecological dynamics and demographic modelling[J].Environmental Management,2012,50(1):1-10.DOI:10.1007/s00267-012-9864-z.
[5] PAHL-WOSTL C,ARTHINTON A,BOGARDI J,et al.Environmental flows and water governance:managing sustainable water uses[J].Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability,2013,5(3-4):341-351.DOI:10.1016/j.cosust.2013.06.009.
[6]董哲仁,张晶,赵进勇.环境流理论进展述评[J].水利学报,2017,48(6):670-677.(DONG Z R,ZHANG J,ZHAO J Y.Comments upon progress of environmental flows assessments[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2017,48(6):670-677.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20161056.
[7]陈昂,王鹏远,吴淼,等.国外生态流量政策法规及启示[J].华北水利水电大学学报(自然科学版),2017,38(5):49-53.(CHEN A,WANG P Y,WU M,et al.Ecological flow policies and regulation review and enlightenment[J].Journal of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,2017,38(5):49-53.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-5634.2017.05.006.
[8]陈昂,隋欣,廖文根,等.我国河流生态基流理论研究回顾[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2016,14(6):401-411.(CHEN A,SUI X,LIAO W G,et al.Review study on instream ecological base flow in China[J].Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2016,14(6):401-411.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13244/j.cnki.jiwhr.2016.06.001.
[9] SUEN J P.Potential impacts to freshwater ecosystems caused by flow regime alteration under changing climate conditions in Taiwan[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions,2008,5(6):115-128.DOI:10.5194/hessd-5-3005-2008.
[10] POFF L R,ALLAN J D,BAIN M B,et al.The Natural Flow Regime[J].Bioscience,1997,47(11):769-784.DOI:10.2307/1313099.
[11] YANG H C,SUEN J P,CHOU S K.Estimating the ungauged natural flow regimes for environmental flow management[J].Water Resources Management,2016,30(13):1-14.DOI:10.1007/s11269-016-1437-0.
[12] THARME R.E.A global perspective on environmental flow assessment:emerging trends in the development and application of environmental flow methodologies for rivers[J].River Research and Applications,2003,19(5-6):397-441.DOI:10.1002/rra.736.
[13]洪思扬,王红瑞,朱中凡,等.基于栖息地指标法的生态流量研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2018,27(1):168-175.(HONG S Y,WANG H R,ZHU Z F,et al.Research of ecologic flow based on habitat index method[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2018,27(1):168-175.(in Chinese))DOI:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201801019.
[14] KARIMI S S,ESLAMIAN S.Use of hydrological methods for assessment of environmental flow in a river reach[J].International Journal of Environmental Science&Technology,2012,9(3):549-558.DOI:0.1007/s 13762-012-0062-6.
[15] ABDI R,YASI M.Evaluation of environmental flow requirements using eco-hydrologic-hydraulic methods in perennial rivers[J].Water Science&Technology A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research,2015,72(3):354-63.DOI:10.2166/wst.2015.200.
[16] CAISSIE J,CAISSIE D,JABI N.Hydrologically based environmental flow methods applied to rivers in the Maritime Provinces(Canada)[J].River Research&Applications,2015,31(6):651-662.DOI:10.1002/rra.2772.
[17]于松延,徐宗学,武玮.基于多种水文学方法估算渭河关中段生态基流[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2013,49(z1):175-179.(YU S Y,XU Z X,WU W.Ecological baseflow in the Guanzhong reach of the Wei River estimated by using different hydrological methods[J].Journal of Beijing Normal University,2013,49(z1):175-179.(in Chinese))DOI:10.1002/hyp.7944.
[18]左其亭,罗增良,石永强,等.沙颍河流域主要参数与自然地理特征[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(12):66-72.(ZUO Q T,LUO Z L,SHI Y Q,et al.Main parameters and physiographic characteristics of Shayinghe River Basin[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2016,47(12):66-72.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2016.12.015.
[19] TENNANT D.L.Instream flow regimens for fish,wildlife,recreation and related environmental resources[J].Fisheries,1976,1(4):6-10.DOI:10.1577/1548-8446(1976)001<0006:ifrffw>2.0.co;2.
[20] SMAKHTIN V,REVENGA C,DOLL P.A.Pilot global assessment of environmental water requirements and scarcity[J].Water International,2004,29(3):307-317.DOI:10.1080/02508060408691785.
[21] PASTOR A V,LUDWIG F,BIEMANS H,et al.Accounting for environmental flow requirements in global water assessments[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,18,12(2014-12-11),2014,18(12):14987-15032.DOI:10.5194/hess-18-5041-2014.
[22] OPDYKE D R,OBORNY E L,VAUGH S K,et al.Texas environmental flow standards and the hydrology-based environmental flow regime methodology[J].Hydrological Sciences Journal,2014,59(3-4):820-830.DOI:10.1080/02626667.2014.892600.
[23] GAUPP F,HALL J,DADON S.The role of storage capacity in coping with intra-and inter-annual water variability in large river basins[J].Environmental Research Letters,2015,10(12):125001-125012.DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/10/12/125001.
[24] SHADKAM S,LUDWIG F,VLIET M T H,et al.Preserving the world second largest hypersaline lake under future irrigation and climate change[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,559:317-325.DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.190.
[25]张锦,徐琳瑜.基于河道径流可变区间的河流水资源可开发利用率分析[J].水资源保护,2015(4):37-41.(ZHANG J,XU L Y.Analysis of exploitable rate of river water resource based on variable interval of river runoff[J].Water Resources Protection,2015(4):37-41.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3880/j.issn.1004 6933.2015.04.007.
[26] GE J,PENG W,HUANG W,et al.Quantitative assessment of flow regime alteration using a revised range of variability methods[J].Water,2018,10(5):597-608.DOI:10.3390/w10050597.
[27] SNELDER T H,J.BOOKER D.Nature flow regime classification are sensitive to definition procedures[J].River Research&Applications,2014,29(7):822-838.DOI:10.1002/rra.2581.
[28]WHEELER K,WENGER S J,FREEMAN M C.States and rates:Complementary approaches to developing flow-ecology relationships[J].Freshwater Biology,2017,8(14):1-11.DOI:10.1111/fwb.13001.
[29] JOWETT I G,RICHARDSON J,BONNETT M L.Relationship between flow regime and fish abundances in a gravel-bed river,New Zealand[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2010,66(5):1419-1436.DOI:10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00693.x.
[30] KLAAR M J,DUNBAR M J,WARREN M,et al.Developing hydroecological models to inform environmental flow standards:a case study from England[J].Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Water,2014,1(2):207-217.DOI:10.1002/wat2.1012.
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