全周期胶园落叶期林下间作矮生四季豆的叶面积、SPAD值和产量
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摘要
利用全周期胶园落叶期间作矮生四季豆,分析其生长和产量相关因子表现,为胶园落叶期蔬菜间作提供依据.结果表明,全周期胶园林下间作矮生四季豆的平均产量为5 593.24 kg·hm~(-2),间作位置距离橡胶树愈近,产量愈低,产量高低顺序为M10>CK>W7>E7>E4>W4.间作区M10的产量为8 247.56 kg·hm~(-2),与裸地对照(8 046.64 kg·hm~(-2))无显著差异.间作区矮生四季豆植株生物量表现为W4最低,CK最高,M10、W7、E7和E4之间无显著差异.矮生四季豆植株叶面积和叶片SPAD的表现与产量表现一致,M10植株测定值均高于间作区其它位置.相关性分析结果表明,全周期胶园林下间作矮生四季豆的新鲜豆荚产量与抽蔓期SPAD值,苗期和结荚期的叶面积,植株生物量呈极显著的正相关.因此,全周期胶园落叶期间作矮生四季豆可通过提高叶片SPAD值,叶面积和植株生物量的途径来提高其豆荚产量.
To improve the economic benefit of rubber plantation, intercropping system was introduced by planting dwarf yam bean in paired row. Leaf area, SPAD value and yield performance of dwarf yam bean were recorded to evaluate the system.The results showed that the average yield of dwarf yam bean intercropped rubber tree was 5 593.24 kg·hm~(-2). M10 produced the highest pod yield(8 247.56 kg·hm~(-2)), followed by CK(8 046.64 kg·hm~(-2)), W7, E7, E4 and W4. CK produced the highest biomass while W4 produced the lowest. There were no significant difference among M10, W7, E7, and E4 on biomass. The leaf area and leaf SPAD of M10 were significantly higher than the control and other positions of the intercropping area. Pod yield was significantly positively correlated with plant biomass, vine SPAD value, leaf area at seedling stage and pod setting stage. Therefore, dwarf green bean is a likely candidate as an intercrop in rubber plantation with paired row planting system over wintering period. It is possible to increase the pod yield of intercropped dwarf yam bean by increasing leaf SPAD value, leaf area and plant biomass.
To improve the economic benefit of rubber plantation, intercropping system was introduced by planting dwarf yam bean in paired row. Leaf area, SPAD value and yield performance of dwarf yam bean were recorded to evaluate the system.The results showed that the average yield of dwarf yam bean intercropped rubber tree was 5 593.24 kg·hm~(-2). M10 produced the highest pod yield(8 247.56 kg·hm~(-2)), followed by CK(8 046.64 kg·hm~(-2)), W7, E7, E4 and W4. CK produced the highest biomass while W4 produced the lowest. There were no significant difference among M10, W7, E7, and E4 on biomass. The leaf area and leaf SPAD of M10 were significantly higher than the control and other positions of the intercropping area. Pod yield was significantly positively correlated with plant biomass, vine SPAD value, leaf area at seedling stage and pod setting stage. Therefore, dwarf green bean is a likely candidate as an intercrop in rubber plantation with paired row planting system over wintering period. It is possible to increase the pod yield of intercropped dwarf yam bean by increasing leaf SPAD value, leaf area and plant biomass.
引文
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[15] 黄坚雄,潘剑,林位夫,等.全周期间作模式胶园内间作生姜的生长及抗性生理特征[J].热带农业科学,2015,35(3):1-6.
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[17] 周立军,潘剑,陈俊明,等.全周期间作模式胶园内间作疣柄魔芋的叶片特征和效益分析[J].热带农业科学,2015(11):7-11.
[18] 袁淑娜,周立军.全周期胶园蔬菜间作研究初报[J].热带农业科学,2017,37(6):1-4.
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[21] WANG Q, SUN D, HAO H, et al. Photosynthetically active radiation determining yields for an intercrop of maize with cabbage[J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2015,69:32-40.
[22] CHOUDHARY S K, SINGH R N, UPADHYAY P K, et al. Effect of vegetable intercrops and planting pattern of maize on growth, yield and economics of winter maize (Zea mays L.) in Eastern Uttar Pradesh.[J]. Environment & Ecology, 2014,32(1):101-105.
[23] 高佳,史建国,董树亭,等.花粒期光照强度对夏玉米根系生长和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2 104-2 113.
[24] LI B, SHIBUYA T, YOGO Y, et al. Effects of light quantity and quality on growth and reproduction of a clonal sedge, Cyperus esculentus[J]. Plant Species Biology, 2001,16(1):69-81.
[25] 王义芹,杨兴洪,李滨,等.小麦叶面积及光合速率与产量关系的研究[J].华北农学报,2008,23(S2):10-15.
[26] 于亚利,贾文凯,王春宏,等.春玉米叶片SPAD值与氮含量及产量的相关性研究[J].玉米科学,2011,19(4):89-92.
[2] 校现周.对天然橡胶产业面临困境的思考[J].中国热带农业,2016(1):4-5.
[3] 林位夫,曾宪海,谢贵水,等.关于橡胶园间作的思考与实践[J].中国热带农业,2011(4):11-15.
[4] GONKHAMDEE S, PIERRET A, MAEGHT J L, et al. Effects of corn (Zea mays L.) on the local and overall root development of young rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muel. Arg)[J]. Plant Soil, 2010,334(1-2):335-351.
[5] 吴志祥,谢贵水,陶忠良,等.幼龄胶园间种香蕉光合及水分生理生态特性[J].热带农业工程,2009,33(5):55-58.
[6] RODRIGO V H L, SILVA T U K, MUNASINGHE E S. Improving the spatial arrangement of planting rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) for long-term intercropping[J]. Field Crops Research, 2004,89:327-335.
[7] 贺军军,姚艳丽,罗萍,等.幼龄胶园行间间种甘蔗的生态与经济效益分析[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015(1):96-100.
[8] 范鸿雁,何舒,罗志文,等.幼龄橡胶园间作香蕉高效栽培模式研究[J].中国南方果树,2014,43(2):68-70.
[9] RODRIGO V H L, STIRLING C M, TEKLEHAIMANOT Z, et al. Intercropping with banana to improve fractional interception and radiation-use efficiency of immature rubber plantations[J]. Field Crops Research, 2001,69(3):237-249.
[10] CLERMONT-DAUPHIN C, SUVANNANG N, PONGWICHIAN P, et al. Dinitrogen fixation by the legume cover crop Pueraria phaseoloides and transfer of fixed N to Hevea brasiliensis-impact on tree growth and vulnerability to drought[J]. Agriculture. Ecosystems & Environment, 2016,217:79-88.
[11] 程汉亭,沈奕德,范志伟,等.橡胶——益智复合生态系统综合评价研究[J].热带农业科学,2014,34(10):7-11.
[12] 陈进辉,李锦红.德宏垦区胶园间作的经济效益分析[J].中国热带农业,2012(3):46-50.
[13] SNOECK D, LACOTE R, KéLI J, et al. Association of hevea with other tree crops can be more profitable than hevea monocrop during first 12 years[J]. Industrial Crops and Products, 2013,43(1):578-586.
[14] 林福宇.全周期间作模式胶园的间作资源特性及其利用的初步研究[D].海口:海南大学,2014.
[15] 黄坚雄,潘剑,林位夫,等.全周期间作模式胶园内间作生姜的生长及抗性生理特征[J].热带农业科学,2015,35(3):1-6.
[16] 黄坚雄,潘剑,周立军,等.全周期间作模式胶园内间作豆薯的产量及其抗逆生理的特征[J].热带作物学报,2015,36(4):639-644.
[17] 周立军,潘剑,陈俊明,等.全周期间作模式胶园内间作疣柄魔芋的叶片特征和效益分析[J].热带农业科学,2015(11):7-11.
[18] 袁淑娜,周立军.全周期胶园蔬菜间作研究初报[J].热带农业科学,2017,37(6):1-4.
[19] 李新峥,蒋燕.蔬菜栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006:10-15.
[20] 崔雄维,吴伯志.间作蔬菜研究进展[J].云南农业大学学报,2009,24(1):128-132.
[21] WANG Q, SUN D, HAO H, et al. Photosynthetically active radiation determining yields for an intercrop of maize with cabbage[J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2015,69:32-40.
[22] CHOUDHARY S K, SINGH R N, UPADHYAY P K, et al. Effect of vegetable intercrops and planting pattern of maize on growth, yield and economics of winter maize (Zea mays L.) in Eastern Uttar Pradesh.[J]. Environment & Ecology, 2014,32(1):101-105.
[23] 高佳,史建国,董树亭,等.花粒期光照强度对夏玉米根系生长和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2 104-2 113.
[24] LI B, SHIBUYA T, YOGO Y, et al. Effects of light quantity and quality on growth and reproduction of a clonal sedge, Cyperus esculentus[J]. Plant Species Biology, 2001,16(1):69-81.
[25] 王义芹,杨兴洪,李滨,等.小麦叶面积及光合速率与产量关系的研究[J].华北农学报,2008,23(S2):10-15.
[26] 于亚利,贾文凯,王春宏,等.春玉米叶片SPAD值与氮含量及产量的相关性研究[J].玉米科学,2011,19(4):89-92.
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