无人机遥感在河流岸线资源监管中的应用
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摘要
以广东省一村级河长监管河段岸线管理范围为研究区域,利用民用轻型无人机采集现场数据,经影像拼接、目标解译和相关资料叠加分析,快速获取了岸线侵占后的界桩、围栏与补种乔灌草等整改措施实施情况,通过整改设计图与遥感判读出的现状结果对比,精准筛查整改措施未落实或整改不到位等监管所需掌握的现存问题区域。研究结果显示:相比传统现场核查,基于无人机遥感方法对于点状目标(如界桩)和线状目标(如围栏)的排查更加高效直观,对面状分布目标(如植被栽植)的复核更具备现场核查所无法比拟的优势,部分不易到达区域的复核的任务也都能较好地解决。无人机遥感作为获取空间数据的重要手段之一,具有机动灵活、影像分辨率高等特点,基于无人机技术的岸线监管可较好解决当前日常监管中存在的问题,对河流岸线监管具有重要意义,应用前景广阔。
In the process of the comprehensive implementation of the river chief system,the river chief must strictly control the control the ecological space along river shorelines control the ecological space along river shorelines.Thus,it is necessary to analyze and govern outstanding problems such as occupation,abuse,and unauthorized use of shorelines.Traditional ground monitoring has been unable to fully meet the demands of the current efforts to manage/protect the shoreline.The study area is a river shoreline which was supervised by a village chief in Guangdong.Using civil small unmanned multirotor aircraft,aerial photos of the shorelines were collected.The images were then extracted,interpreted,and analyzed,and measures to identify problem areas and rehabilitate the shoreline were determined.This result can provide useful reference for supervision departments in on-site inspections.The river inspection workload can be greatly reduced while efficiency can also be significantly improved.Compared with traditional ground monitoring,the results of this research show that unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-based remote sensing technology is more efficient and intuitive in the detection of point targets(e.g.,boundary stones)and linear targets(e.g.,enclosures).It has superior advantages in the monitoring of surface distribution targets(e.g.,vegetation);the problem of monitoring hard-to-reach areas can also be solved.The equipment used in this research is a widely used product in the market.The process of obtaining UAV photos is simple and easy to learn,and can be applied in the monitoring of village-level river sections.With its operational convenience and intelligence,it can conduct inspections of fixed river shorelines,eliminating the need for manual and repeated inspections.Taking into account some limitations on the use of UAV remote sensing technology,a combination of satellite remote sensing,UAV remote sensing,and ground investigation is needed in the supervision of long river shorelines to achieve complementary advantages.After the application of this UAV remote sensing technology to river shoreline resource supervision,some defects in UAV technology,sensors technology,aerial data processing technology,and remote sensing image interpretation were also found.These can be used as a reference for subsequent research and development.UAV remote sensing is an important method for obtaining spatial data with flexible,high-resolution image characteristics to solve the problems of daily supervision.In this study,we explored the application of UAV to monitor river shorelines.The application of UAV remote sensing technology is proposed to support the river management system,which is of great significance for waterfront shoreline management.
In the process of the comprehensive implementation of the river chief system,the river chief must strictly control the control the ecological space along river shorelines control the ecological space along river shorelines.Thus,it is necessary to analyze and govern outstanding problems such as occupation,abuse,and unauthorized use of shorelines.Traditional ground monitoring has been unable to fully meet the demands of the current efforts to manage/protect the shoreline.The study area is a river shoreline which was supervised by a village chief in Guangdong.Using civil small unmanned multirotor aircraft,aerial photos of the shorelines were collected.The images were then extracted,interpreted,and analyzed,and measures to identify problem areas and rehabilitate the shoreline were determined.This result can provide useful reference for supervision departments in on-site inspections.The river inspection workload can be greatly reduced while efficiency can also be significantly improved.Compared with traditional ground monitoring,the results of this research show that unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-based remote sensing technology is more efficient and intuitive in the detection of point targets(e.g.,boundary stones)and linear targets(e.g.,enclosures).It has superior advantages in the monitoring of surface distribution targets(e.g.,vegetation);the problem of monitoring hard-to-reach areas can also be solved.The equipment used in this research is a widely used product in the market.The process of obtaining UAV photos is simple and easy to learn,and can be applied in the monitoring of village-level river sections.With its operational convenience and intelligence,it can conduct inspections of fixed river shorelines,eliminating the need for manual and repeated inspections.Taking into account some limitations on the use of UAV remote sensing technology,a combination of satellite remote sensing,UAV remote sensing,and ground investigation is needed in the supervision of long river shorelines to achieve complementary advantages.After the application of this UAV remote sensing technology to river shoreline resource supervision,some defects in UAV technology,sensors technology,aerial data processing technology,and remote sensing image interpretation were also found.These can be used as a reference for subsequent research and development.UAV remote sensing is an important method for obtaining spatial data with flexible,high-resolution image characteristics to solve the problems of daily supervision.In this study,we explored the application of UAV to monitor river shorelines.The application of UAV remote sensing technology is proposed to support the river management system,which is of great significance for waterfront shoreline management.
引文
陈俊,王茹军,熊辉,曹阳,翟平.2015.无人机技术在长江海事监管中的应用.交通科技,(2):164-167.[Chen Jun,Wang Rujun,Xiong Hui,Cao Yang and Zhai Ping.2015.The Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology in the Yangtze River Maritime Supervision.Transportation Science&Technology,(2):164-167.]
陈雷.2016.落实绿色发展理念全面推行河长制河湖管理模式.水利发展研究,16(12):3-5.[Chen Lei.2016.River and Lake Management Models under the Green-Development Idea and Implement of RiverChief System.Water Resources Development,16(12):3-5.]
杜培军,阿里木·赛买提.2013.高分辨率遥感影像分类的多示例集成学习.遥感学报,17(1):77-97.[Du Peijun and A Limu-saimai-di.2013.Multi-sample Integrated Learning of High Resolution Remote Sensing Image Classification.Journal of Remote Sensing,17(1):77-97.]
Dulava S.,Bean W T and Richmond O M W.2015.Environmental Reviews and Case Studies:Applications of Unmanned Aircraft Systems(UAS)for Waterbird Surveys.Environmental Practice,17:201-210.
傅咏冬.2018.无人机和地面三维激光扫描仪在1:500城市基本地形图测绘中的应用.测绘工程,27(5):77-80.[Fu Yongdong.2018.Exploration and Application of New Technology to Surveying and Mapping of 1:500 Basic Topographic Maps of Citie.Engineering of Surveying and Mapping,27(5):77-80.]
李岚斌,金平伟,李乐,王玉琅,黄俊.2019.无人机道感技术在生产建设项目水土保持监测中的应用——以清远抽水蓄能电站为例.人民珠江,40(1):6-11.[Li Lanbin,Jin Pingwei,Li Le,Wang Yulang and Huang Jun.2019.Application of UAV Remote Sensing Technology in Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring of Construction Projects-Taking Qingyuan Pumped Storage Power Station as an Example.Pearl River,40(1):6-11.]
林顺海,陈峰,赵国庆,张鹏.2017.基于“河长制”下无人机遥感技术的应用探讨.浙江水利科技,45(4):21-23,32.[Lin Shunhai,Chen Feng,Zhao Guoqing and Zhang Peng.2017.Application of UAV Remote Sensing Technology Based on"The River Chief System".Zhejiang Hydrotechnics,45(4):21-23,32.]
刘力,顾群,彭伟明,邓小明.2015.基于无人机的海事立体监管体系框架.中国航海,38(1):68-70,84.[Liu Li,Gu Qun,Peng Weiming and Deng Xiaoming.2015.On Framework of Maritime Three-Dimensional Supervision System Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.Navigation of China,38(1):68-70,84.]
裴慧坤,姜三,林国安,黄浩,江万寿,杨成城.2016.依托无人机倾斜摄影的电力走廊三维重建.测绘科学,41(12):292-296.[Pei Huikun,Jiang San,Lin Guoan,Huang Hao,Jiang Wanshou and Yang Chengcheng.2016.3 Dreconstruction of Transmission Route Based on UAV Oblique Photogrammetry.Science of Surveying and Mapping,41(12):292-296.]
孙中宇,陈燕乔,杨龙,唐光良,袁少雄,林志文.2017.轻小型无人机低空遥感及其在生态学中的应用进展.应用生态学报,28(2):528-536.[Sun Zhongyu,Chen Yanqiao,Yang Long,Tang Guangliang,Yuan Shaoxiong and Lin Zhiwen.2017.Small Unmanned Arial Vehicles for Low-altitude Remote Sensing and Its Application Process in Ecology.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,28(2):528-536.]
王德维,周云,冉四清,程建敏.2016.城区河道岸线利用存在的问题及保护对策.江苏水利,(9):50-52Z[Wang Dewei,Zhou Yun,Ran Siqing and Cheng Jianmin.2016.Primary Discussion on Problems of Utilization and Protection Measures about Urban River Shoreline.Jiangsu Water Resources,(9):50-52.]
王浩宇.2015.面向对象高分辨率遥感影像城区道路及车辆信息提取研究.北京:北京交通大学.[Wang Haoyu.2015.Study on Urban Road and Vehicle Information Extraction from High Spatial Resolution Remote Sensing Image based on Object Oriented:A Case Study.Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University.]
王晓臣,朱京海,梁婷,问鼎.2015.无人机遥感技术在生态环境影响评价中的应用研究.环境影响评价,37(2):70-73.[Wang Xiaochen,Zhu Jinghai,Liang Ting and Wen Ding.2015.Study on Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Remote Sensing Technology in Eco-environmental Impact Assessment.Environmental Impact Assessment,37(2):70-73.]
王志方,付兴建,沈洁,余建国.2018.电力巡检无人机的鲁棒自适应容错控制.武汉大学学报:工学版,51(7):646-653,645.[Wang Zhifang,Fu Xingjian,Shen Jie and Yu Jianguo.2018.Robust Adaptive Fault Tolerate Control for Stability Control of Electric Patrol Survey UAV.Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,51(7):646-653,645.]
吴波涛,冯琦.2017.无人机航测在大型水利工程中的应用.长江科学院院报,34(3):148-150.[Wu Botao and Feng Qi.2017.Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle to a Large Water Conservancy Project.Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,34(3):148-150.]
夏继红,周子晔,汪颖俊,彭苏丽,张琦,王金平.2017.河长制中的河流岸线规划与管理.水资源保护,33(5):38-41,85.[Xia Jihong,Zhou Ziye,Wang Yingjun,Peng Suli,Zhang Qi and Wang Jinping.2017.Planning and Management for Riparian Lines in River Chief System.Water Resources Protection,33(5):38-41,85.]
晏磊,廖小罕,周成虎,樊邦奎,龚健雅,崔鹏,郑玉权,谭翔.2019.中国无人机遥感技术突破与产业发展综述.地球信息科学学报,21(4):476-495.[Yan Lei,Liao Xiaohan,Zhou Chenghu,Fan Bangkui,Gong Jianya,Cui Peng,Zheng Yuquan and Tan Xiang.2019.The Impact of UAV Remote Sensing Technology on the Industrial Development of China:A Review.Journal of Geo-information Science,21(4):476-495.]
阎雨,鞠勇,王亚娟.2017.遥感技术在河长制中的应用探讨.水利信息化,(6):12-16.[Yan Yu,Ju Yong and Wang Yajuan.2017.Application Discussion of Remote Sensing in River Chief Mechanism.Water Resources Informatization,(6):12-16.]
张军国,闻浩,胡春鹤,李婷婷,于明.2019.无人机在林业中的应用及前景展望.林业工程学报,4(1):8-16.[Zhang Junguo,Yan Hao,Hu Chunhe,Li Tingting and Yu Ming.2019.Application and Future Development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Forestry.Journal of Forestry Engineering,4(1):8-16.]
张军国,冯文钊,胡春鹤,骆有庆.2017.无人机航拍林业虫害图像分割复合梯度分水岭算法.农业工程学报,33(14):93-99.[Zhang Junguo,Feng Wenzhao,Hu Chunhe and Luo Youqing.2017.Image Segmentation Method for Forestry Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Pest Monitoring Based on Composite Gradient Watershed Algorithm.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,33(14):93-99.]
张宁宁,丁旭东,赵鹏.2018.无人机航空摄影测量在河道地形图测绘中的应用.江苏水利,(12):31-34.[Zhang Ningning,Ding Xudong and Zhao Peng.2018.Application of UAV Aerial Photogrammetry in River Topographic Mapping.Jiangsu Water Resources,(12):31-34.]
朱菲.2018.基于无人机遥感的河长制管理模式研究.中国防汛抗旱,28(5):234-238.[Zhu Fei.2018.Research on River Management System Mode Based on Uav Remote Sensing.China Flood&Drought Management,28(5):234-238.]
陈雷.2016.落实绿色发展理念全面推行河长制河湖管理模式.水利发展研究,16(12):3-5.[Chen Lei.2016.River and Lake Management Models under the Green-Development Idea and Implement of RiverChief System.Water Resources Development,16(12):3-5.]
杜培军,阿里木·赛买提.2013.高分辨率遥感影像分类的多示例集成学习.遥感学报,17(1):77-97.[Du Peijun and A Limu-saimai-di.2013.Multi-sample Integrated Learning of High Resolution Remote Sensing Image Classification.Journal of Remote Sensing,17(1):77-97.]
Dulava S.,Bean W T and Richmond O M W.2015.Environmental Reviews and Case Studies:Applications of Unmanned Aircraft Systems(UAS)for Waterbird Surveys.Environmental Practice,17:201-210.
傅咏冬.2018.无人机和地面三维激光扫描仪在1:500城市基本地形图测绘中的应用.测绘工程,27(5):77-80.[Fu Yongdong.2018.Exploration and Application of New Technology to Surveying and Mapping of 1:500 Basic Topographic Maps of Citie.Engineering of Surveying and Mapping,27(5):77-80.]
李岚斌,金平伟,李乐,王玉琅,黄俊.2019.无人机道感技术在生产建设项目水土保持监测中的应用——以清远抽水蓄能电站为例.人民珠江,40(1):6-11.[Li Lanbin,Jin Pingwei,Li Le,Wang Yulang and Huang Jun.2019.Application of UAV Remote Sensing Technology in Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring of Construction Projects-Taking Qingyuan Pumped Storage Power Station as an Example.Pearl River,40(1):6-11.]
林顺海,陈峰,赵国庆,张鹏.2017.基于“河长制”下无人机遥感技术的应用探讨.浙江水利科技,45(4):21-23,32.[Lin Shunhai,Chen Feng,Zhao Guoqing and Zhang Peng.2017.Application of UAV Remote Sensing Technology Based on"The River Chief System".Zhejiang Hydrotechnics,45(4):21-23,32.]
刘力,顾群,彭伟明,邓小明.2015.基于无人机的海事立体监管体系框架.中国航海,38(1):68-70,84.[Liu Li,Gu Qun,Peng Weiming and Deng Xiaoming.2015.On Framework of Maritime Three-Dimensional Supervision System Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.Navigation of China,38(1):68-70,84.]
裴慧坤,姜三,林国安,黄浩,江万寿,杨成城.2016.依托无人机倾斜摄影的电力走廊三维重建.测绘科学,41(12):292-296.[Pei Huikun,Jiang San,Lin Guoan,Huang Hao,Jiang Wanshou and Yang Chengcheng.2016.3 Dreconstruction of Transmission Route Based on UAV Oblique Photogrammetry.Science of Surveying and Mapping,41(12):292-296.]
孙中宇,陈燕乔,杨龙,唐光良,袁少雄,林志文.2017.轻小型无人机低空遥感及其在生态学中的应用进展.应用生态学报,28(2):528-536.[Sun Zhongyu,Chen Yanqiao,Yang Long,Tang Guangliang,Yuan Shaoxiong and Lin Zhiwen.2017.Small Unmanned Arial Vehicles for Low-altitude Remote Sensing and Its Application Process in Ecology.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,28(2):528-536.]
王德维,周云,冉四清,程建敏.2016.城区河道岸线利用存在的问题及保护对策.江苏水利,(9):50-52Z[Wang Dewei,Zhou Yun,Ran Siqing and Cheng Jianmin.2016.Primary Discussion on Problems of Utilization and Protection Measures about Urban River Shoreline.Jiangsu Water Resources,(9):50-52.]
王浩宇.2015.面向对象高分辨率遥感影像城区道路及车辆信息提取研究.北京:北京交通大学.[Wang Haoyu.2015.Study on Urban Road and Vehicle Information Extraction from High Spatial Resolution Remote Sensing Image based on Object Oriented:A Case Study.Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University.]
王晓臣,朱京海,梁婷,问鼎.2015.无人机遥感技术在生态环境影响评价中的应用研究.环境影响评价,37(2):70-73.[Wang Xiaochen,Zhu Jinghai,Liang Ting and Wen Ding.2015.Study on Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Remote Sensing Technology in Eco-environmental Impact Assessment.Environmental Impact Assessment,37(2):70-73.]
王志方,付兴建,沈洁,余建国.2018.电力巡检无人机的鲁棒自适应容错控制.武汉大学学报:工学版,51(7):646-653,645.[Wang Zhifang,Fu Xingjian,Shen Jie and Yu Jianguo.2018.Robust Adaptive Fault Tolerate Control for Stability Control of Electric Patrol Survey UAV.Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,51(7):646-653,645.]
吴波涛,冯琦.2017.无人机航测在大型水利工程中的应用.长江科学院院报,34(3):148-150.[Wu Botao and Feng Qi.2017.Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle to a Large Water Conservancy Project.Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,34(3):148-150.]
夏继红,周子晔,汪颖俊,彭苏丽,张琦,王金平.2017.河长制中的河流岸线规划与管理.水资源保护,33(5):38-41,85.[Xia Jihong,Zhou Ziye,Wang Yingjun,Peng Suli,Zhang Qi and Wang Jinping.2017.Planning and Management for Riparian Lines in River Chief System.Water Resources Protection,33(5):38-41,85.]
晏磊,廖小罕,周成虎,樊邦奎,龚健雅,崔鹏,郑玉权,谭翔.2019.中国无人机遥感技术突破与产业发展综述.地球信息科学学报,21(4):476-495.[Yan Lei,Liao Xiaohan,Zhou Chenghu,Fan Bangkui,Gong Jianya,Cui Peng,Zheng Yuquan and Tan Xiang.2019.The Impact of UAV Remote Sensing Technology on the Industrial Development of China:A Review.Journal of Geo-information Science,21(4):476-495.]
阎雨,鞠勇,王亚娟.2017.遥感技术在河长制中的应用探讨.水利信息化,(6):12-16.[Yan Yu,Ju Yong and Wang Yajuan.2017.Application Discussion of Remote Sensing in River Chief Mechanism.Water Resources Informatization,(6):12-16.]
张军国,闻浩,胡春鹤,李婷婷,于明.2019.无人机在林业中的应用及前景展望.林业工程学报,4(1):8-16.[Zhang Junguo,Yan Hao,Hu Chunhe,Li Tingting and Yu Ming.2019.Application and Future Development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Forestry.Journal of Forestry Engineering,4(1):8-16.]
张军国,冯文钊,胡春鹤,骆有庆.2017.无人机航拍林业虫害图像分割复合梯度分水岭算法.农业工程学报,33(14):93-99.[Zhang Junguo,Feng Wenzhao,Hu Chunhe and Luo Youqing.2017.Image Segmentation Method for Forestry Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Pest Monitoring Based on Composite Gradient Watershed Algorithm.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,33(14):93-99.]
张宁宁,丁旭东,赵鹏.2018.无人机航空摄影测量在河道地形图测绘中的应用.江苏水利,(12):31-34.[Zhang Ningning,Ding Xudong and Zhao Peng.2018.Application of UAV Aerial Photogrammetry in River Topographic Mapping.Jiangsu Water Resources,(12):31-34.]
朱菲.2018.基于无人机遥感的河长制管理模式研究.中国防汛抗旱,28(5):234-238.[Zhu Fei.2018.Research on River Management System Mode Based on Uav Remote Sensing.China Flood&Drought Management,28(5):234-238.]
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