武汉市农村生活饮用水化学污染物健康风险评价
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摘要
目的了解武汉市农村生活饮用水中污染物浓度水平,并通过健康风险评价初步评估水体污染物对成人及儿童身体健康的潜在危害度。方法对2017年武汉市农村饮用水中17个指标的浓度进行调查,并利用美国环保局推荐的风险评估模型进行健康风险评价。结果武汉市农村饮用水中5种化学致癌物和12种非致癌物所引起的成人和儿童总健康风险分别为2.58×10~(-5)/a和3.61×10~(-5)/a,其中化学致癌物的健康风险值大于非致癌物的健康风险值,占总健康风险的99.99%。化学致癌物所致成人和儿童的健康风险值由高到低均依次为铬(六价)>砷>镉>三氯甲烷>四氯化碳,非致癌物所致成人和儿童的非致癌健康风险值由高到低均依次为铅>氟化物>铜>汞>硝酸盐>锰>铁=锌>硒>氰化物>氨氮>挥发性酚。化学致癌物和非致癌物对儿童的健康风险均高于成人。结论武汉市农村饮用水中污染物所致成人和儿童总健康风险在美国环保局和国际放射防护委员会推荐的最大可接受风险度(1×10~(-4)/a和5×10~(-5)/a)范围内。
Objective To investigate the concentration levels of pollutants in rural drinking water in Wuhan city, and to preliminarily evaluate the potential health risks of water pollutants to the health of adults and children. Methods The concentration of 17 indices in rural drinking water in Wuhan city in 2017 was tested. And health risk assessment was conducted by using the risk assessment model recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Results The total health risks caused by 5 chemical carcinogens and 12 non-carcinogens in drinking water in adults and children were 2.58×10~(-5)/annual and 3.61×10~(-5)/annual, respectively, of which the health risks caused by chemical carcinogens were greater than those caused by non-carcinogens, accounting for 99.99% of the total health risks. The chemical carcinogens-induced health risk values in adult and children had the sequence of chromium(Ⅵ)>arsenic>cadmium>trichloroethane>carbon tetrachloride, while the non-carcinogens-induced non-carcinogenic health risk values in adult and children had the sequence of lead > fluoride > copper > mercury > nitrate > manganese > iron=zinc > selenium > cyanide > ammonia nitrogen > volatile phenol. The health risks induced by chemical carcinogens and non-carcinogens in children were higher than those in adults. Conclusions The total health risks caused by pollutants in rural drinking water in adults and children in Wuhan city are within the maximum acceptable risk ranges(1×10~(-4)/annual and 5×10~(-5)/annual) recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the International Radiological Protection Commission.
Objective To investigate the concentration levels of pollutants in rural drinking water in Wuhan city, and to preliminarily evaluate the potential health risks of water pollutants to the health of adults and children. Methods The concentration of 17 indices in rural drinking water in Wuhan city in 2017 was tested. And health risk assessment was conducted by using the risk assessment model recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Results The total health risks caused by 5 chemical carcinogens and 12 non-carcinogens in drinking water in adults and children were 2.58×10~(-5)/annual and 3.61×10~(-5)/annual, respectively, of which the health risks caused by chemical carcinogens were greater than those caused by non-carcinogens, accounting for 99.99% of the total health risks. The chemical carcinogens-induced health risk values in adult and children had the sequence of chromium(Ⅵ)>arsenic>cadmium>trichloroethane>carbon tetrachloride, while the non-carcinogens-induced non-carcinogenic health risk values in adult and children had the sequence of lead > fluoride > copper > mercury > nitrate > manganese > iron=zinc > selenium > cyanide > ammonia nitrogen > volatile phenol. The health risks induced by chemical carcinogens and non-carcinogens in children were higher than those in adults. Conclusions The total health risks caused by pollutants in rural drinking water in adults and children in Wuhan city are within the maximum acceptable risk ranges(1×10~(-4)/annual and 5×10~(-5)/annual) recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the International Radiological Protection Commission.
引文
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[4] 郭广慧,宋波.城市土壤重金属含量及其对儿童健康风险的初步评价—以四川省宜宾市为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(8):946-952.
[5] 高博,李强,周怀东,等.ICP‐MS 在水库水源地重金属污染健康风险评价中的应用[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2014,34(5):1398-1402.
[6] 符刚,曾强,赵亮,等.基于GIS的天津市饮用水水质健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(12):4553-4560.
[7] 孙言凤,潘锋,刘俊玲,等.2015-2017年武汉市农村生活饮用水水质监测分析[J].现代预防医学,2018,45(14):2658-2661.
[8] 刘俊玲,刘正丹,王怀记.武汉农村饮用地下水砷、氟化物、硝酸盐含量及其健康风险评价[J].卫生研究,2010,39(1):112-113.
[9] 中华人民共和国卫生部.GB/T 5750.2-2006生活饮用水标准检验方法水样的采集与保存[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007:2-6.
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[12] 邓春拓,何伦发,郭艳,等.珠三角某市2015年出厂水中化学污染物健康风险评价[J].实用预防医学,2017,24(4):425-428.
[13] 廖雅芬,叶坚,古翠虹.肇庆市农村地区饮用水健康风险评价[J].现代预防医学,2018,45(6):1136.
[14] Turdi M,Yang L.Trace elements contamination and human health risk assessment in drinking water from the agricultural and pastoral areas of Bay County,Xinjiang,China[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2016,13(10):938.
[15] 李泓,赵震,刘茜.北京市朝阳区饮用水健康风险评价[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26增刊:320-322.
[16] 王凯,林在生,陈训梅,等.福建省农村生活饮用水健康风险评价[J].河南预防医学杂志,2018,29(3):161-167.
[17] 诸玉辉.农村饮用水健康风险评价[J].环境研究与监测,2016,29(2):58-60.
[18] 赵怡楠,罗书全,向新志.2015年重庆市农村集中式供水化学污染指标健康风险评价[J].实用预防医学,2018,25(7):833-837.
[19] 齐爱,马玲,许秉忠.宁夏固原市农村集中式饮用水健康风险评价[J].医学动物防制,2014,30(11):1214-1216.
[20] Idrees M,Batool S.Environmental risk assessment of chronic arsenic in drinking water and prevalence of type-2 diabetes mellitus in Pakistan[J].Environ Technol,2018,13(7):1-6.
[21] 余葱葱,赵委托,高小峰,等.陆浑水库饮用水源地水体中金属元素分布特征及健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2018,39(1):89-98.
[2] 杜维,李爱民,鲁敏,等.长江武汉段水质重金属健康风险初步评价[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(120):535-539.
[3] 陈艳华,王非,黄涛,等.湖南省湘资沅澧四大流域管网末梢水中重金属的健康风险评价[J].实用预防医学,2018,25(2):171-175.
[4] 郭广慧,宋波.城市土壤重金属含量及其对儿童健康风险的初步评价—以四川省宜宾市为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(8):946-952.
[5] 高博,李强,周怀东,等.ICP‐MS 在水库水源地重金属污染健康风险评价中的应用[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2014,34(5):1398-1402.
[6] 符刚,曾强,赵亮,等.基于GIS的天津市饮用水水质健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(12):4553-4560.
[7] 孙言凤,潘锋,刘俊玲,等.2015-2017年武汉市农村生活饮用水水质监测分析[J].现代预防医学,2018,45(14):2658-2661.
[8] 刘俊玲,刘正丹,王怀记.武汉农村饮用地下水砷、氟化物、硝酸盐含量及其健康风险评价[J].卫生研究,2010,39(1):112-113.
[9] 中华人民共和国卫生部.GB/T 5750.2-2006生活饮用水标准检验方法水样的采集与保存[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007:2-6.
[10] 中华人民共和国卫生部.GB/T 5750-2006.生活饮用水标准检验方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007:1-13.
[11] 中华人民共和国卫生部.GB 5749-2006.生活饮用水卫生标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007:1-15.
[12] 邓春拓,何伦发,郭艳,等.珠三角某市2015年出厂水中化学污染物健康风险评价[J].实用预防医学,2017,24(4):425-428.
[13] 廖雅芬,叶坚,古翠虹.肇庆市农村地区饮用水健康风险评价[J].现代预防医学,2018,45(6):1136.
[14] Turdi M,Yang L.Trace elements contamination and human health risk assessment in drinking water from the agricultural and pastoral areas of Bay County,Xinjiang,China[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2016,13(10):938.
[15] 李泓,赵震,刘茜.北京市朝阳区饮用水健康风险评价[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26增刊:320-322.
[16] 王凯,林在生,陈训梅,等.福建省农村生活饮用水健康风险评价[J].河南预防医学杂志,2018,29(3):161-167.
[17] 诸玉辉.农村饮用水健康风险评价[J].环境研究与监测,2016,29(2):58-60.
[18] 赵怡楠,罗书全,向新志.2015年重庆市农村集中式供水化学污染指标健康风险评价[J].实用预防医学,2018,25(7):833-837.
[19] 齐爱,马玲,许秉忠.宁夏固原市农村集中式饮用水健康风险评价[J].医学动物防制,2014,30(11):1214-1216.
[20] Idrees M,Batool S.Environmental risk assessment of chronic arsenic in drinking water and prevalence of type-2 diabetes mellitus in Pakistan[J].Environ Technol,2018,13(7):1-6.
[21] 余葱葱,赵委托,高小峰,等.陆浑水库饮用水源地水体中金属元素分布特征及健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2018,39(1):89-98.
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