云杉幼树根系分泌物对2种草本植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响
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摘要
【目的】探究西南亚高山人工针叶林主要造林树种粗枝云杉根系分泌物输入对林下草本植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,揭示根系分泌物对林下植被更新和群落多样性的潜在生态效应。【方法】通过前期在野外原位收集根系分泌物,后期在实验室人工添加的方式,从种子萌发、幼苗生物量、幼苗形态3个方面来探究根系分泌物对西南亚高山人工云杉林生境内的2种草本植物白车轴草和紫花苜蓿的影响。【结果】1)在种子萌发方面,根系分泌物添加降低了2种草本植物的种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数,且紫花苜蓿种子在处理间差异显著。2)在幼苗生物量方面,2种草本植物幼苗鲜质量、干质量在根系分泌物处理下均呈下降趋势,而且紫花苜蓿幼苗处理间差异显著。3)在幼苗形态特征方面,根系分泌物添加降低了2种草本植物的总长度、总表面积、总体积,且幼苗总长度处理间存在显著差异。4)根系分泌物处理下,2种草本植物的各项化感效应指数(RI值)均小于0,而且根系分泌物处理造成的2种植物化感效应综合指数(SE值)小于0,表明根系分泌物添加对2种草本植物种子萌发和幼苗生长均具有抑制作用,且对紫花苜蓿种子的抑制作用更强。5)UPLC-MS分析表明,云杉幼树根系分泌物中检测出多种酚酸类物质。【结论】云杉幼树根系分泌物输入对林下草本植物种子萌发及幼苗生长均产生了抑制效应。根系分泌物中的酚酸类物质可能是导致根系分泌物处理下草本植物种子萌发和幼苗生长受到抑制的内在驱动机制。
【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the ecological effects of root exudates input on herb species from seed germination and seedling growth.【Method】 We performed an experiment on acceptors(Trifolium repens and Medicago sativa) in which in situ exudates were collected from Picea asperata seedlings.【Result】 1) Root exudates decreased the germination rate, germination vigor and germination index of the two herb species seeds, and significant differences were observed on the M. sativa seedlings. 2) Similarly, both the fresh weight and dry weight of two herb species seedlings were decreased under root exudates treatments, and significant differences were also observed on M. sativa seedlings. 3) Root exudates additions reduced the total length, total surface area and total volume of two herb species seedlings. Among them, significant differences were found only for the total length. 4) Synthesis effect was a vital index of allelopathy. Further analysis showed that the synthesis effects of root exudates on seed germination and seedling growth of two herb species seedlings were negative. And the allelopathy to M. sativa was stronger than that to T. repens. 5) The analysis of root exudates showed that numerous phenolic acids were found in the root exudates of P. asperata seedlings.【Conclusion】 1) Our result manifested that the root exudates from P. asperata seedlings had obvious inhibitory effects on the seed germination and seedling growth of the herb species. 2) Numerous phenolic acids in the root exudates maybe one of major reasons for the observed inhibiting effects of root exudates.
【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the ecological effects of root exudates input on herb species from seed germination and seedling growth.【Method】 We performed an experiment on acceptors(Trifolium repens and Medicago sativa) in which in situ exudates were collected from Picea asperata seedlings.【Result】 1) Root exudates decreased the germination rate, germination vigor and germination index of the two herb species seeds, and significant differences were observed on the M. sativa seedlings. 2) Similarly, both the fresh weight and dry weight of two herb species seedlings were decreased under root exudates treatments, and significant differences were also observed on M. sativa seedlings. 3) Root exudates additions reduced the total length, total surface area and total volume of two herb species seedlings. Among them, significant differences were found only for the total length. 4) Synthesis effect was a vital index of allelopathy. Further analysis showed that the synthesis effects of root exudates on seed germination and seedling growth of two herb species seedlings were negative. And the allelopathy to M. sativa was stronger than that to T. repens. 5) The analysis of root exudates showed that numerous phenolic acids were found in the root exudates of P. asperata seedlings.【Conclusion】 1) Our result manifested that the root exudates from P. asperata seedlings had obvious inhibitory effects on the seed germination and seedling growth of the herb species. 2) Numerous phenolic acids in the root exudates maybe one of major reasons for the observed inhibiting effects of root exudates.
引文
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崔翠,蔡靖,张硕新.2013.核桃根系分泌物化感物质的分离与鉴定.林业科学,49(2):54-60.(Cui C,Cai J,Zhang S X.2013.Isolation and identification of the allelochemicals in walnut (Juglans regia) root exudates.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,49(2):54-60.[in Chinese])
段剑,杨洁,康金林,等.2015.马尾松根际土壤提取物的化感作用.生态学杂志,34(3):773-780.(Duan J,Yang J,Kang J L,et al.2015.Allelopathic effect of extracts from Pinus massoniana rhizosphere soil.Chinese Journal of Ecology,34(3):773-780.[in Chinese])
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何为,杨雪英,肖娟,等.2017.氮素富集对青藏高原东缘窄叶鲜卑花灌丛根系分泌物碳输入的影响.植物生态学报,41(6):610-621.(He W,Yang X Y,Xiao J,et al.2017.Effects of nitrogen enrichment on root exudative carbon inputs in Sibiraea angustata shrubbery at the eastern fringe of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,41(6):610-621.[in Chinese])
孔垂华,徐效华,梁文举,等.2004.水稻化感品种根分泌物中非酚酸类化感物质的鉴定与抑草活性.生态学报,24(7):1317-1322.(Kong C H,Xu X H,Liang W J,et al.2004.Non-phenolic allelochemicals in root exudates of an allelopathic rice variety and their identification and weed-suppressive activity.Acta Ecologica Sinica,24(7):1317-1322.[in Chinese])
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刘芳黎,张越,吴富勤,等.2017.自毒和森林凋落物化感作用对极小种群野生植物大树杜鹃种子萌发的影响.西北植物学报,37(6):1189-1195.(Liu F L,Zhang Y,Wu F Q,et al.2017.Effect of autotoxicity and litter allelopathy on seed germination of Rhododendron protistum var.giganteum,a plant species with extremely small populations in China.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,37(6):1189-1195.[in Chinese])
刘庆,吴彦,何海.2001.中国西南亚高山针叶林的生态学问题.世界科技研究与发展,23(2):63-69.(Liu Q,Wu Y,He H.2001.Ecological problems of subalpine coniferous forest in the southwest of China.World Sci-Tech Research and Development,23(2):63-69.[in Chinese])
陆茜,张金池,孟苗婧.2017.长期连栽杨树林根际土壤自毒作用的生物测定.生态学报,37(12):4053-4060.(Lu Q,Zhang J C,Meng M J.2017.Bioassay for inhibitory autotoxicity of rhizosphere soil under long-term successive monoculture poplar plantations.Acta Ecologica Sinica,37(12):4053-4060.[in Chinese])
马履一,李春义,王希群,等.2007.不同强度间伐对北京山区油松生长及其林下植物多样性的影响.林业科学,43(5):1-9.(Ma L Y,Li C Y,Wang X Q,et al.2007.Effects of thinning on the growth and the diversity of undergrowth of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation in Beijing mountainous areas.Scientia Silvae Sinicae.43(5):1-9.[in Chinese])
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沈慧敏,郭鸿儒,黄高宝.2005.不同植物对小麦、黄瓜和萝卜幼苗化感作用潜力的初步评价.应用生态学报,16(4):740-743.(Shen H M,Guo H R,Huang G B.2005.Allelopathy of different plants on wheat,cucumber and radish seedlings.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,16(4):740-743.[in Chinese])
孙婧珏,孙跃志.2013.林木根系分泌物的化感作用.世界林业研究,26(3):21-26.(Sun J Y,Sun Y Z.2013.Allelopathy of tree’s root exudates.World Forestry Research,26(3):21-26.[in Chinese])
涂书新,吴佳.2010.植物根系分泌物研究方法评述.生态环境学报,19(9):2493-2500.(Tu S X,Wu J.2010.A review on research methods of root exudates.Ecology and Environmental Sciences,19(9):2493-2500.[in Chinese])
王健敏,刘娟,陈晓鸣,等.2010.云南松天然林及人工林群落结构和物种多样性比较.林业科学研究,23(4):515-522.(Wang J M,Liu J,Chen X M,et al.2010.Comparison of community structures and species diversity in natural forests and forest plantation of Pinus yunnanensis.Forest Research,23(4):515-522.[in Chinese])
王延平,王华田.2010.植物根分泌的化感物质及其在土壤中的环境行为.土壤通报,41(2):501-507.(Wang Y P,Wang H T.2010.Allelochemicals from roots exudation and its environment behavior in soil.Chinese Journal of Soil Science,41(2):501-507.[in Chinese])
卫云燕,尹华军,刘庆,等.2011.夜间增温和施肥对川西亚高山针叶林两种树苗根际效应的影响.生态学报,31(3):698-708.(Wei Y Y,Yin H J,Liu Q,et al.2011.Responses on rhizosphere effect of two subalpine coniferous species to night-time warming and nitrogen fertilization in western Sichuan,China.Acta Ecologica Sinica,31(3):698-708.[in Chinese])
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谢星光,陈晏,卜元卿,等.2014.酚酸类物质的化感作用研究进展.生态学报,34(22):6417-6428.(Xie X G,Chen Y,Bu Y Q,et al.2014.A review of allelopathic researches on phenolic acids.Acta Ecologica Sinica,34(22):6417-6428.[in Chinese])
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崔翠,蔡靖,张硕新.2013.核桃根系分泌物化感物质的分离与鉴定.林业科学,49(2):54-60.(Cui C,Cai J,Zhang S X.2013.Isolation and identification of the allelochemicals in walnut (Juglans regia) root exudates.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,49(2):54-60.[in Chinese])
段剑,杨洁,康金林,等.2015.马尾松根际土壤提取物的化感作用.生态学杂志,34(3):773-780.(Duan J,Yang J,Kang J L,et al.2015.Allelopathic effect of extracts from Pinus massoniana rhizosphere soil.Chinese Journal of Ecology,34(3):773-780.[in Chinese])
段文标,王丽霞,陈立新,等.2013.红松阔叶混交林林隙大小及光照对草本植物的影响.应用生态学报,24(3):614-620.(Duan W B,Wang L X,Chen L X,et al.2013.Effects of forest gap size and light intensity on herbaceous plants in Pinus koraiensis dominated broadleaved mixed forest.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,24(3):614-620.[in Chinese])
何为,杨雪英,肖娟,等.2017.氮素富集对青藏高原东缘窄叶鲜卑花灌丛根系分泌物碳输入的影响.植物生态学报,41(6):610-621.(He W,Yang X Y,Xiao J,et al.2017.Effects of nitrogen enrichment on root exudative carbon inputs in Sibiraea angustata shrubbery at the eastern fringe of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,41(6):610-621.[in Chinese])
孔垂华,徐效华,梁文举,等.2004.水稻化感品种根分泌物中非酚酸类化感物质的鉴定与抑草活性.生态学报,24(7):1317-1322.(Kong C H,Xu X H,Liang W J,et al.2004.Non-phenolic allelochemicals in root exudates of an allelopathic rice variety and their identification and weed-suppressive activity.Acta Ecologica Sinica,24(7):1317-1322.[in Chinese])
李光,白文斌,任爱霞.2017.高粱不同连作年限对其根系分泌物组成和化感物质含量的影响.生态学杂志,36(12):3535-3544.(Li G,Bai W B,Ren A X.2017.Effects of continuous cropping duration of sorghum on components of root exudates and contents of allelochemicals.Chinese Journal of Ecology,36(12):3535-3544.[in Chinese])
林开敏,洪伟,俞新妥,等.2001.杉木人工林林下植物生物量的动态特征和预测模型.林业科学,37(zk):99-105.(Lin K M,Hong W,Yu X T,et al.2001.The dynamic characteristics and forecasting models of biomass of undergrowth plant in Chinese fir plantation.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,37(zk):99-105.[in Chinese])
刘芳黎,张越,吴富勤,等.2017.自毒和森林凋落物化感作用对极小种群野生植物大树杜鹃种子萌发的影响.西北植物学报,37(6):1189-1195.(Liu F L,Zhang Y,Wu F Q,et al.2017.Effect of autotoxicity and litter allelopathy on seed germination of Rhododendron protistum var.giganteum,a plant species with extremely small populations in China.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,37(6):1189-1195.[in Chinese])
刘庆,吴彦,何海.2001.中国西南亚高山针叶林的生态学问题.世界科技研究与发展,23(2):63-69.(Liu Q,Wu Y,He H.2001.Ecological problems of subalpine coniferous forest in the southwest of China.World Sci-Tech Research and Development,23(2):63-69.[in Chinese])
陆茜,张金池,孟苗婧.2017.长期连栽杨树林根际土壤自毒作用的生物测定.生态学报,37(12):4053-4060.(Lu Q,Zhang J C,Meng M J.2017.Bioassay for inhibitory autotoxicity of rhizosphere soil under long-term successive monoculture poplar plantations.Acta Ecologica Sinica,37(12):4053-4060.[in Chinese])
马履一,李春义,王希群,等.2007.不同强度间伐对北京山区油松生长及其林下植物多样性的影响.林业科学,43(5):1-9.(Ma L Y,Li C Y,Wang X Q,et al.2007.Effects of thinning on the growth and the diversity of undergrowth of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation in Beijing mountainous areas.Scientia Silvae Sinicae.43(5):1-9.[in Chinese])
孟兆鑫.2007.川西亚高山森林群落物种多样性与群落结构研究.四川农业大学学报,25(4):441-446.(Meng Z X.2007.A study on community structure and species diversity of subalpine forests in western Sichuan.Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University,25(4):441-446.[in Chinese])
沈慧敏,郭鸿儒,黄高宝.2005.不同植物对小麦、黄瓜和萝卜幼苗化感作用潜力的初步评价.应用生态学报,16(4):740-743.(Shen H M,Guo H R,Huang G B.2005.Allelopathy of different plants on wheat,cucumber and radish seedlings.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,16(4):740-743.[in Chinese])
孙婧珏,孙跃志.2013.林木根系分泌物的化感作用.世界林业研究,26(3):21-26.(Sun J Y,Sun Y Z.2013.Allelopathy of tree’s root exudates.World Forestry Research,26(3):21-26.[in Chinese])
涂书新,吴佳.2010.植物根系分泌物研究方法评述.生态环境学报,19(9):2493-2500.(Tu S X,Wu J.2010.A review on research methods of root exudates.Ecology and Environmental Sciences,19(9):2493-2500.[in Chinese])
王健敏,刘娟,陈晓鸣,等.2010.云南松天然林及人工林群落结构和物种多样性比较.林业科学研究,23(4):515-522.(Wang J M,Liu J,Chen X M,et al.2010.Comparison of community structures and species diversity in natural forests and forest plantation of Pinus yunnanensis.Forest Research,23(4):515-522.[in Chinese])
王延平,王华田.2010.植物根分泌的化感物质及其在土壤中的环境行为.土壤通报,41(2):501-507.(Wang Y P,Wang H T.2010.Allelochemicals from roots exudation and its environment behavior in soil.Chinese Journal of Soil Science,41(2):501-507.[in Chinese])
卫云燕,尹华军,刘庆,等.2011.夜间增温和施肥对川西亚高山针叶林两种树苗根际效应的影响.生态学报,31(3):698-708.(Wei Y Y,Yin H J,Liu Q,et al.2011.Responses on rhizosphere effect of two subalpine coniferous species to night-time warming and nitrogen fertilization in western Sichuan,China.Acta Ecologica Sinica,31(3):698-708.[in Chinese])
吴林坤,林向民,林文雄.2014.根系分泌物介导下植物-土壤-微生物互作关系研究进展与展望.植物生态学报,38(3):298-310.(Wu L K,Lin X M,Lin W X.2014.Advances and perspective in research on plant-soil-microbe interactions mediated by root exudates.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,38(3):298-310.[in Chinese])
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