松花江流域初夏降水分布型的环流特征及差异
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摘要
利用1961—2017年松花江流域31个气象站初夏降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,采用多种统计方法,讨论了松花江流域初夏降水时空分布及影响环流特征。结果表明:松花江流域初夏降水具有全流域一致型、西北—东南反位相型和东北—西南反位相型3个主要分布模态。影响3个分布型的主要环流特征分别为贝加尔湖以东低值系统—鄂霍茨克海阻塞高压(西南低—东北高)、乌拉尔山脊—西西伯利亚槽—外兴安岭脊(两脊一槽型)、渤海/华北低值系统及其东北部高压,东部局地高压或阻塞形势对松花江流域初夏降水的3个模态起到非常重要的作用。东亚—太平洋型和极地—欧亚型是对第一模态降水分布起重要作用的遥相关型。
Based on the early summer precipitation data from 31 meteorological stations in the Songhua River Basin and the NCEP/NCAR( National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research)reanalysis data from 1961 to 2017,the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation in the Songhua River Basin and the influence characteristics of circulation were discussed by statistical methods. Results show that there are mainly three modes of the precipitation in the Songhua River Basin: the consistent rainfall mode in the w hole basin,the anti-phase rainfall modes from northw est to southeast and from northeast to southw est. The main circulation characteristics affecting the three distribution modes are the low pressure at the east of Lake Baikal and Okhotsk blocking high( southw est low-northeast high),Ural ridge-West Siberian trough-Stanovoy Range ridge( a two-ridges-and-one-trough type),and the Bohai Sea and North China low pressure and the high in the northeast. The local high pressure or blocking situation plays a very important role in the formation of the three modes of precipitation in the early summer over the Songhua River Basin. The East Asia-Pacific and Polar-Eurasian types are teleconnections that play an important role in the distribution of the first mode precipitation.
Based on the early summer precipitation data from 31 meteorological stations in the Songhua River Basin and the NCEP/NCAR( National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research)reanalysis data from 1961 to 2017,the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation in the Songhua River Basin and the influence characteristics of circulation were discussed by statistical methods. Results show that there are mainly three modes of the precipitation in the Songhua River Basin: the consistent rainfall mode in the w hole basin,the anti-phase rainfall modes from northw est to southeast and from northeast to southw est. The main circulation characteristics affecting the three distribution modes are the low pressure at the east of Lake Baikal and Okhotsk blocking high( southw est low-northeast high),Ural ridge-West Siberian trough-Stanovoy Range ridge( a two-ridges-and-one-trough type),and the Bohai Sea and North China low pressure and the high in the northeast. The local high pressure or blocking situation plays a very important role in the formation of the three modes of precipitation in the early summer over the Songhua River Basin. The East Asia-Pacific and Polar-Eurasian types are teleconnections that play an important role in the distribution of the first mode precipitation.
引文
[1]李邦东，赵中军，舒黎忠，等．1961—2010年东北地区降水事件时空均匀性研究[J]．气象与环境学报，2014,30(3):52-58.
[2]赵珊珊，高歌，黄大鹏，等．2004—2013年中国气象灾害损失特征分析[J]．气象与环境学报，2017,33(1):101-107.
[3]丁婷，陈丽娟，崔大海．东北夏季降水的年代际特征及环流变化[J]．高原气象，2015,34(1):220-229.
[4]陆志华，夏自强，于岚岚，等．1958—2009年松花江流域降水时空演变特征[J]．自然资源学报，2012,27(6):990-1000.
[5]李想，李维京，赵振国．我国松花江流域和辽河流域降水的长期变化规律和未来趋势分析[J]．应用气象学报，2005,16(5):593-599.
[6]李永生，王永光，王莹．黑龙江省夏季降水主模态异常型前兆信号分析[J]．气象与环境学报，2017,33(3):29-35.
[7]胡泊，申红艳，王晓娟，等．东北亚地区初夏、盛夏和传统夏季降水特征及环流型的异同性研究[J]．大气科学，2018,42(1):109-123.
[8]沈柏竹，林中达，陆日宇，等．影响东北初夏和盛夏降水年际变化的环流特征分析[J]．中国科学:地球科学，2011,41(3):402-412.
[9]张健，李永生．中高纬环流因子与黑龙江省初夏气候异常分析[J]．气象与环境学报，2013,29(6):63-67.
[10]李辑，房一禾，李菲，等．辽宁初夏降水大尺度环流影响因子及年初夏异常多雨成因分析[J]．气象，2014,40(9):1114-1122.
[11]刘刚，封国林，秦玉琳，等．初夏东北地区冷涡降水“累积效应”[J]．大气科学，2017,41(1):202-212.
[12]何金海，吴志伟，祁莉，等．北半球环状模和东北冷涡与我国东北夏季降水关系分析[J]．气象与环境学报，2006,22(1):1-5.
[13]李永生，刘伯奇，王莹，等．非绝热加热对6月东北冷涡形成演变的影响及其可能机制[J]．气象与环境学报，2016,32(6):19-26.
[14]廉毅，布和朝鲁，谢作威，等．初夏东北冷涡活动异常与北半球环流低频变化[J]．大气科学，2010,34(2):429-439.
[15]丁婷，陈丽娟．东北地区夏季旱涝的环流型及动力气候模式解释应用[J]．高原气象，2015,34(4):1119-1130.
[16]孙力，郑秀雅，王琪．东北冷涡的时空分布特征及其与东亚大型环流系统之间的关系[J]．应用气象学报，1994,5(3):297-303.
[17]程善俊，管晓丹，黄建平，等．利用GLDAS资料分析黄土高原半干旱区土壤湿度对气候变化的响应[J]．干旱气象，2013,31(4):641-649.
[2]赵珊珊，高歌，黄大鹏，等．2004—2013年中国气象灾害损失特征分析[J]．气象与环境学报，2017,33(1):101-107.
[3]丁婷，陈丽娟，崔大海．东北夏季降水的年代际特征及环流变化[J]．高原气象，2015,34(1):220-229.
[4]陆志华，夏自强，于岚岚，等．1958—2009年松花江流域降水时空演变特征[J]．自然资源学报，2012,27(6):990-1000.
[5]李想，李维京，赵振国．我国松花江流域和辽河流域降水的长期变化规律和未来趋势分析[J]．应用气象学报，2005,16(5):593-599.
[6]李永生，王永光，王莹．黑龙江省夏季降水主模态异常型前兆信号分析[J]．气象与环境学报，2017,33(3):29-35.
[7]胡泊，申红艳，王晓娟，等．东北亚地区初夏、盛夏和传统夏季降水特征及环流型的异同性研究[J]．大气科学，2018,42(1):109-123.
[8]沈柏竹，林中达，陆日宇，等．影响东北初夏和盛夏降水年际变化的环流特征分析[J]．中国科学:地球科学，2011,41(3):402-412.
[9]张健，李永生．中高纬环流因子与黑龙江省初夏气候异常分析[J]．气象与环境学报，2013,29(6):63-67.
[10]李辑，房一禾，李菲，等．辽宁初夏降水大尺度环流影响因子及年初夏异常多雨成因分析[J]．气象，2014,40(9):1114-1122.
[11]刘刚，封国林，秦玉琳，等．初夏东北地区冷涡降水“累积效应”[J]．大气科学，2017,41(1):202-212.
[12]何金海，吴志伟，祁莉，等．北半球环状模和东北冷涡与我国东北夏季降水关系分析[J]．气象与环境学报，2006,22(1):1-5.
[13]李永生，刘伯奇，王莹，等．非绝热加热对6月东北冷涡形成演变的影响及其可能机制[J]．气象与环境学报，2016,32(6):19-26.
[14]廉毅，布和朝鲁，谢作威，等．初夏东北冷涡活动异常与北半球环流低频变化[J]．大气科学，2010,34(2):429-439.
[15]丁婷，陈丽娟．东北地区夏季旱涝的环流型及动力气候模式解释应用[J]．高原气象，2015,34(4):1119-1130.
[16]孙力，郑秀雅，王琪．东北冷涡的时空分布特征及其与东亚大型环流系统之间的关系[J]．应用气象学报，1994,5(3):297-303.
[17]程善俊，管晓丹，黄建平，等．利用GLDAS资料分析黄土高原半干旱区土壤湿度对气候变化的响应[J]．干旱气象，2013,31(4):641-649.
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