基于岩石物理分析的碳酸盐岩储层声波速度测井校正方法
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摘要
中国西部地区碳酸盐岩储层声波测井资料质量普遍受到测量环境引起的设备失真、泥浆侵入和扩径等因素的干扰。设计了针对性的方案来解决这一难题:从岩石的微观结构出发,通过理论推导和实验统计的方法,提出了一种改进的碳酸盐岩岩石物理建模方法,实现了弹性参数响应的预测;新方法通过参数提取的方式实现了目的层岩石物理特征的快速描述。在此基础上,依据不同尺度测量信息的统计相似性原理,给出了一种面向碳酸盐岩储层的声波速度的上、下界判定准则,该准则利用岩石物理信息来评价声波测井资料质量,进而实现测量值的校正。通过实际测井曲线的验证分析,表明新方法可以:快速建立碳酸盐岩的岩石物理特征与弹性参数响应的对应关系;依据多条曲线准确提取目的层的岩石物理参数;有效评价和改善声波测井资料品质。综上,新方法在油气田勘探和开发领域内有进一步理论研究和实际推广的价值。
For carbonate rocks in western China,interference from experimental environments,such as equipment distortion,mud invasion and expansion,sensitively affects data quality of acoustic logging measurements. In order to settle these problems,a new scheme was used based on rock physics theories. Firstly,a modelling method was invented to investigate elastic response of carbonate rocks based on physical characters and mathematical statistics. Secondly,author proposed a criterion to predict upper and lower boundaries of rock velocities. On these bases,a correction strategy for carbonate rock velocity was proposed. In laboratory test,favorable results have demonstrated that model could establish relationships between physical and elastic parameters,and moreover,it could also quickly estimate micro-structures of rocks. In field data test,rock physics has shown its advantages as a new tool for acoustic curves corrections. It is concluded that model-based processing scheme has a promising application prospect at earlier exploration stages.
For carbonate rocks in western China,interference from experimental environments,such as equipment distortion,mud invasion and expansion,sensitively affects data quality of acoustic logging measurements. In order to settle these problems,a new scheme was used based on rock physics theories. Firstly,a modelling method was invented to investigate elastic response of carbonate rocks based on physical characters and mathematical statistics. Secondly,author proposed a criterion to predict upper and lower boundaries of rock velocities. On these bases,a correction strategy for carbonate rock velocity was proposed. In laboratory test,favorable results have demonstrated that model could establish relationships between physical and elastic parameters,and moreover,it could also quickly estimate micro-structures of rocks. In field data test,rock physics has shown its advantages as a new tool for acoustic curves corrections. It is concluded that model-based processing scheme has a promising application prospect at earlier exploration stages.
引文
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2 Nur A.Effects of stress on velocity anisotropy in rocks with cracks[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1971,76(8):2022-2034
3 Mavko G,Mukerji T.Seismic pore space compressibility and Gassmann's relation[J].Geophysics,2009,60(6):1743-1749
4 Schubnel A,Fortin J,Burlini L,et al.Damage and recovery of calcite rocks deformed in the cataclastic regime[J].Geological Society London Special Publications,2005,245(1):203-221
5 Wang Z.Seismic anisotropy in sedimentary rocks[J].Geophysics,2001,67(5):1423-1440
6 Kuster G T,Toks9z M N.Velocity and attenuation of seismic waves in two-phase media:PartⅡ.experimental results[J].Geophysics,1974,39(5):607
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8郭继亮,牛滨华,孙春岩,等.基于临界孔隙度模型的地震波传播[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(11):3813-3820Guo Jiliang,Niu Binhua,Sun Chunyan,et al.Seismic wave propagation based on critical porosity model[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012.55(11):3813-3820
9刘晓虹,郭继亮,李劲松,等.受孔隙形态影响的碳酸盐岩孔隙度反演[J].地球物理学进展,2017,32(1):146-151Liu Xiaohong,Guo Jiliang,Li Jinsong,et al.Inverting carbonate reservoir porosity affected by pore aspect ratio[J].Progress in Geophysics,32(1):146-151
10李宏兵,张佳佳,姚逢昌.岩石的等效孔隙纵横比反演及其应用[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(2):608-615Li Hongbing,Zhang Jiajia,Yao Fengchang.Inversion of effective pore aspect ratios for porous rocks and its applications[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(2):608-615
11张广智,陈怀震,王琪,等.基于碳酸盐岩裂缝岩石物理模型的横波速度和各向异性参数预测[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(5):1707-1715Zhang Guangzhi,Chen Huaizhen,Wang Qi,et al.Estimation of S-wave velocity and anisotropic parameters using fractured carbonate rock physics model[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(5):1707-1715
12 Nur A M,Mavko G,Dvorkin J,et al.Critical porosity:a key to relating physical properties to porosity in rocks[J].The Leading Edge,2000,17(1):878-881
13 Keys R G,Xu S.An approximation for the Xu-White velocity model[J].Geophysics,2002,67(5),1406-1414
14 Krief M,Garat J,Stellingwerff J,et al.A petrophysical interpretation using the velocities of P and S waves(full-waveform sonic)[J].Log Analyst,1990,31:355-369
15 Berryman J G,Pride S R,Wang A H.A differential scheme for elastic properties of rocks with dry or saturated cracks[J].Geophysical Journal International,2010,151(2):597-611
16 Murphy W F.In-terpretation physics of Vpand Vsin sedimentary rocks[J].Spwla Annual Log Symp,1991,29(1):1-24
17韩波,张军涛,任娜娜,等.碳酸盐岩台地滩坪组合---一种快速沉积相分析法[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(11):61-66Han Bo,Zhang Juntao,Ren Nana,et al.Grain bank and tidal flat group on carbonate platform-a method of rapid sedimentary microfacies analysis[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2018,18(11):61-66
2 Nur A.Effects of stress on velocity anisotropy in rocks with cracks[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1971,76(8):2022-2034
3 Mavko G,Mukerji T.Seismic pore space compressibility and Gassmann's relation[J].Geophysics,2009,60(6):1743-1749
4 Schubnel A,Fortin J,Burlini L,et al.Damage and recovery of calcite rocks deformed in the cataclastic regime[J].Geological Society London Special Publications,2005,245(1):203-221
5 Wang Z.Seismic anisotropy in sedimentary rocks[J].Geophysics,2001,67(5):1423-1440
6 Kuster G T,Toks9z M N.Velocity and attenuation of seismic waves in two-phase media:PartⅡ.experimental results[J].Geophysics,1974,39(5):607
7 Xu S,Payne M A.Modeling elastic properties in carbonate rocks[J].The Leading Edge,2009,28(1):66-74
8郭继亮,牛滨华,孙春岩,等.基于临界孔隙度模型的地震波传播[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(11):3813-3820Guo Jiliang,Niu Binhua,Sun Chunyan,et al.Seismic wave propagation based on critical porosity model[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012.55(11):3813-3820
9刘晓虹,郭继亮,李劲松,等.受孔隙形态影响的碳酸盐岩孔隙度反演[J].地球物理学进展,2017,32(1):146-151Liu Xiaohong,Guo Jiliang,Li Jinsong,et al.Inverting carbonate reservoir porosity affected by pore aspect ratio[J].Progress in Geophysics,32(1):146-151
10李宏兵,张佳佳,姚逢昌.岩石的等效孔隙纵横比反演及其应用[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(2):608-615Li Hongbing,Zhang Jiajia,Yao Fengchang.Inversion of effective pore aspect ratios for porous rocks and its applications[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(2):608-615
11张广智,陈怀震,王琪,等.基于碳酸盐岩裂缝岩石物理模型的横波速度和各向异性参数预测[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(5):1707-1715Zhang Guangzhi,Chen Huaizhen,Wang Qi,et al.Estimation of S-wave velocity and anisotropic parameters using fractured carbonate rock physics model[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(5):1707-1715
12 Nur A M,Mavko G,Dvorkin J,et al.Critical porosity:a key to relating physical properties to porosity in rocks[J].The Leading Edge,2000,17(1):878-881
13 Keys R G,Xu S.An approximation for the Xu-White velocity model[J].Geophysics,2002,67(5),1406-1414
14 Krief M,Garat J,Stellingwerff J,et al.A petrophysical interpretation using the velocities of P and S waves(full-waveform sonic)[J].Log Analyst,1990,31:355-369
15 Berryman J G,Pride S R,Wang A H.A differential scheme for elastic properties of rocks with dry or saturated cracks[J].Geophysical Journal International,2010,151(2):597-611
16 Murphy W F.In-terpretation physics of Vpand Vsin sedimentary rocks[J].Spwla Annual Log Symp,1991,29(1):1-24
17韩波,张军涛,任娜娜,等.碳酸盐岩台地滩坪组合---一种快速沉积相分析法[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(11):61-66Han Bo,Zhang Juntao,Ren Nana,et al.Grain bank and tidal flat group on carbonate platform-a method of rapid sedimentary microfacies analysis[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2018,18(11):61-66
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