辽西低山丘陵区不同密度荆条下表层土壤抗蚀性特征
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摘要
为探究不同水土保持树种对土壤侵蚀的调控机理,以广泛分布在辽西低山丘陵区土石质山坡的荆条为研究对象,通过现场调查荆条植被覆盖度,选取3种不同株密度荆条样地,采用室内土壤理化分析测定土壤机械组成、土壤团聚体分布特征和土壤有机质含量等土壤性质指标,并应用主成分分析方法分析不同密度荆条下的表层土壤抗蚀性。结果表明:荆条对土壤物理性粘粒形成的促进作用高于草本植物,但株密度对其影响不大;随着荆条株密度增加物理性砂粒含量增加,荒草地显著大于荆条样地,说明荆条的土壤质地更为黏重;土壤大粒径团聚体的稳定性随着荆条株密度的增加变得更好;不同荆条株密度的土壤物理性粘粒含量大于荒草地,呈显著差异,但不同样地间(<0.001mm、0.001～0.01mm)土粒没有显著性差异,随着荆条株密度增加,物理性砂粒含量增加,荒草地显著大于荆条样地;大团聚体分散总量为YD小>YD中>CG>YD大,且随着荆条株密度增加,土壤的改良进程更快,而荒草地对土壤的改良强度小于荆条;>0.25mm水稳性团粒含量、>0.5mm水稳性团粒含量、>0.25mm团聚体破坏率和>0.5mm团聚体破坏率是影响土壤抗蚀性的主要因素。土壤抗蚀性强弱为YD大>CG>YD中>YD小,且存在一个荆条株密度阈值,使荆条土壤抗蚀性与荒草地相等。
In order to explore the regulation mechanism of soil erosion with different soil and water conservation tree species, the surface soil erosion resistance under the different density of Vitex negundo L. was analyzed by the sampling from the field investigation and the soil physical and chemical properties analysis indoors. The results showed that the promoting effect of thorns on soil physical clay formation was higher than that of herbaceous plants, but the plant density had little effect on soil physical clay formation. With the increase of plant density, the content of physical sand grain increased significantly, which indicated that the texture of soil was more viscous, and the stability of large-grain aggregate became better with the increase of plant density of thorns, and the soil texture was more viscous in the barren land than in the sample plot of thorns, and the stability of soil aggregates became better with the increase of plant density. The soil physical clay content of the Vitex negundo L. with same plant density was significantly higher than that of the grassland, but there was no significant difference between the<0.001 mm, 0.001-0.01 mm soil grains. With the increase of the plant density, the physical sand content of the Vitex negundo L.was significantly higher than that of grassland. The total dispersed amount of macroaggregates was YDs>YDm>CG>YDl. With the increase of plant density of Vitex negundo L., the improvement process of soil was faster, while the improvement intensity of grassland on soil was less than that of Vitex negundo L. >0.25 mm water stable aggregation content, >0.5 mm water stable aggregation content, >0.25 mm aggregation damaged rate and > 0.5 mm aggregation damaged rate were the main factors affecting the soil erosion resistance. The soil erosion resistance was YDl>CG>YDm>YDs, and there was a threshold of the Vitex negundo L.var planted density, which made the soil erosion resistance equal to that of the grassland.
In order to explore the regulation mechanism of soil erosion with different soil and water conservation tree species, the surface soil erosion resistance under the different density of Vitex negundo L. was analyzed by the sampling from the field investigation and the soil physical and chemical properties analysis indoors. The results showed that the promoting effect of thorns on soil physical clay formation was higher than that of herbaceous plants, but the plant density had little effect on soil physical clay formation. With the increase of plant density, the content of physical sand grain increased significantly, which indicated that the texture of soil was more viscous, and the stability of large-grain aggregate became better with the increase of plant density of thorns, and the soil texture was more viscous in the barren land than in the sample plot of thorns, and the stability of soil aggregates became better with the increase of plant density. The soil physical clay content of the Vitex negundo L. with same plant density was significantly higher than that of the grassland, but there was no significant difference between the<0.001 mm, 0.001-0.01 mm soil grains. With the increase of the plant density, the physical sand content of the Vitex negundo L.was significantly higher than that of grassland. The total dispersed amount of macroaggregates was YDs>YDm>CG>YDl. With the increase of plant density of Vitex negundo L., the improvement process of soil was faster, while the improvement intensity of grassland on soil was less than that of Vitex negundo L. >0.25 mm water stable aggregation content, >0.5 mm water stable aggregation content, >0.25 mm aggregation damaged rate and > 0.5 mm aggregation damaged rate were the main factors affecting the soil erosion resistance. The soil erosion resistance was YDl>CG>YDm>YDs, and there was a threshold of the Vitex negundo L.var planted density, which made the soil erosion resistance equal to that of the grassland.
引文
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[5]荣志红,张海涛,孙冬雪,等.模拟降雨条件下金银花对片麻岩坡地土壤侵蚀的影响[J].水土保持学报,2019(2):43-48.
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[16]王佩将,戴全厚,丁贵杰,等.退化喀斯特植被恢复过程中的土壤抗蚀性变化[J].土壤学报,2014,51(4):806-815.
[17]郭天雷,史东梅,胡雪琴,等.三峡库区消落带不同高程桑树林地土壤抗蚀性及影响因素[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(2):191-198.
[18]管世烽.草灌植物生长条件下土壤抗蚀抗冲性研究[D].宜昌:三峡大学,2015.
[19]刘新华.因子分析中数据正向化处理的必要性及其软件实现[J].重庆理工大学学报,2009,23(9):152-155.
[20]李玉斌.荆条对辽西地区棕壤改良作用的研究[J].水土保持应用技术,2017(1):7-9.
[2]王佑民,郭培才,高维森.黄土高原土壤抗蚀性研究[J].水土保持学报,1994,8(4):11-16.
[3]王向栋,戴全厚,李翠莲,等.草海上游石漠化过程中土壤抗蚀性变化[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(3):13-18.
[4]吕刚,魏忠平,高英旭,等.不同土地利用类型植物根系与土壤抗蚀性关系研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(2):111-115.
[5]荣志红,张海涛,孙冬雪,等.模拟降雨条件下金银花对片麻岩坡地土壤侵蚀的影响[J].水土保持学报,2019(2):43-48.
[6]邓继峰,李国忠,曹忠杰,等.沙地改植榛子林后地表径流和土壤侵蚀特征的研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2018,49(5):566-573.
[7]王琦,刘丽.辽西地区水土流失治理经验与治理模式[J].水土保持应用技术,2009,29(5):20-23.
[8]雷泽勇.辽西低山丘陵区主要植物种生长状况分析[C]//中国科学技术协会、河南省人民政府.第十届中国科协年会论文集(二)，中国科学技术协会、河南省人民政府,2008.
[9]张进余.荆条的生物学特性及其在辽西地区的分布和保护利用价值[J].现代农业科技,2017,46(2):122-122.
[10]杨泱,冷平生,张博,等.3种边坡绿化植物抗旱性研究[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(13):272-278.
[11]张春霞.水土保持灌木—荆条的生物生态学特性初步研究[D].北京：北京林业大学,2007.
[12]王晓蓓,韩烈保,刘春霞.优良水土保持灌木—野生荆条种子发芽实验研究[J].辽宁林业科技,2007(4):30-32.
[13]赵荣慧.半干旱地区造林学[M].北京:北京农业大学出版社,1995.
[14]张洪江.水土保持与荒漠化防治实践教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.
[15]朱强.三峡库区消落带土壤磷吸附特性及淹水—落干周期下的变迁[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2012.
[16]王佩将,戴全厚,丁贵杰,等.退化喀斯特植被恢复过程中的土壤抗蚀性变化[J].土壤学报,2014,51(4):806-815.
[17]郭天雷,史东梅,胡雪琴,等.三峡库区消落带不同高程桑树林地土壤抗蚀性及影响因素[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(2):191-198.
[18]管世烽.草灌植物生长条件下土壤抗蚀抗冲性研究[D].宜昌:三峡大学,2015.
[19]刘新华.因子分析中数据正向化处理的必要性及其软件实现[J].重庆理工大学学报,2009,23(9):152-155.
[20]李玉斌.荆条对辽西地区棕壤改良作用的研究[J].水土保持应用技术,2017(1):7-9.
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