淮山不同氮钾用量及镁硼配施效应研究
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摘要
以淮山为研究对象,旨在明确淮山生产中的氮钾肥适宜用量及镁硼肥配施效应,以期为高产优质淮山生产和合理施肥提供科学依据。设置3个氮肥用量水平(270、360、450 kg N/hm~2)和3个钾肥用量水平(270、360、450 kg K_2O/hm~2),研究在等量有机肥(精制有机肥4500 kg/hm~2)和磷肥(144 kg P2O5/hm~2)基础上配施不同用量钾氮肥并添加镁(22.5 kg Mg/hm~2)硼(0.21 kg B/hm~2)肥对淮山叶绿素含量、生物量、品质、养分吸收量和产量的影响。研究结果表明:氮钾肥不同用量对淮山块根膨大期和收获期叶片SPAD值无显著影响。配施Mg和B明显提高淮山可溶性蛋白和氨基酸态氮含量。随施N量或施K量的增加,生产100 kg淮山N、K的需求量均呈先增加后下降趋势。在360 kg N/hm~2基础上配施450 kg K_2O/hm~2或在360 kg N/hm~2和360 kg K_2O/hm~2基础上配施22.5 kg Mg/hm~2均明显提高淮山块根重量、总生物量和淮山产量。增施钾肥和配施Mg均有利于提高淮山N和K的收获指数。为获得70000～90000 kg/hm~2的淮山产量,建议在施用4500 kg/hm~2精制有机肥、360 kg N/hm~2、144 kg P_2O_5/hm~2基础上配施450 kg K_2O/hm~2或配施360 kg K_2O/hm~2和22.5 kg Mg/hm~2。
A field experiment was conducted to study the appropriate rates of N and K and the effects of combined application of Mg and B on Chinese Yam, to provide a basis for high yield and good quality production and rational fertilization. We set three N rates(270, 360 and 450 kg N/hm~2) and three K rates(270,360 and 450 kg K_2O/hm~2), and studied the effects of equal rate of organic fertilizer(fine organic fertilizer of 4500 kg/hm~2) and phosphorus fertilizer(144 kg P_2O_5/hm~2) combined with magnesium(22.5 kg Mg/hm~2) and boron(0.21 kg B/hm~2) on chlorophyll content, biomass, quality, nutrient uptake and yield. The results showed that the N and K application rates had no significant effect on the foliar SPAD value in tuberous root expansion period and harvest period. Combined application of Mg and B increased soluble protein and amino acid nitrogen significantly. With the increase of N and K, the demand quantity of N and K first increased and then decreased.Thetuberousrootweight,biomassandyieldincreasedbyapplyingN 360 kg/hm~2 with K_2O 450 kg/hm~2 or N 360 kg/hm~2, K_2O 360 kg/hm~2 with 22.5 kg Mg/hm~2. The harvest index of N and K were increased under the application of K with Mg. To achieve the yield of 70000-90000 kg/hm~2, the combined application of K2 O450 kg/hm~2 or K_2O 360 kg/hm~2 and Mg 22.5 kg/hm~2 are suggested on the basis of 4500 kg/hm~2 fine organic fertilizer, N 360 kg/hm~2 and P_2O_5 144 kg/hm~2.
A field experiment was conducted to study the appropriate rates of N and K and the effects of combined application of Mg and B on Chinese Yam, to provide a basis for high yield and good quality production and rational fertilization. We set three N rates(270, 360 and 450 kg N/hm~2) and three K rates(270,360 and 450 kg K_2O/hm~2), and studied the effects of equal rate of organic fertilizer(fine organic fertilizer of 4500 kg/hm~2) and phosphorus fertilizer(144 kg P_2O_5/hm~2) combined with magnesium(22.5 kg Mg/hm~2) and boron(0.21 kg B/hm~2) on chlorophyll content, biomass, quality, nutrient uptake and yield. The results showed that the N and K application rates had no significant effect on the foliar SPAD value in tuberous root expansion period and harvest period. Combined application of Mg and B increased soluble protein and amino acid nitrogen significantly. With the increase of N and K, the demand quantity of N and K first increased and then decreased.Thetuberousrootweight,biomassandyieldincreasedbyapplyingN 360 kg/hm~2 with K_2O 450 kg/hm~2 or N 360 kg/hm~2, K_2O 360 kg/hm~2 with 22.5 kg Mg/hm~2. The harvest index of N and K were increased under the application of K with Mg. To achieve the yield of 70000-90000 kg/hm~2, the combined application of K2 O450 kg/hm~2 or K_2O 360 kg/hm~2 and Mg 22.5 kg/hm~2 are suggested on the basis of 4500 kg/hm~2 fine organic fertilizer, N 360 kg/hm~2 and P_2O_5 144 kg/hm~2.
引文
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[2]吴月燕,伍壮生,王敏.海南云龙地区淮山种植情况调查报告[J].上海蔬菜,2010(4):16-17.
[3]赵艳红,何海旺,韦本辉,等.不同因素对淮山茎尖愈伤组织诱导的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(30):9475-9481.
[4]黄洪河.福建省淮山生产的重要意义及发展思路[J].安徽农学通报,2007,13(18):99-100.
[5]谢兴源.山药的主要成分及其应用价值[J].现代农业科学,2009.
[6]马康谊.氮磷钾配施对山药生长及产量的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2004.
[7]马田田,杨兴明,沈其荣,等.生物有机肥对防治山药根茎腐病和促进山药生长的研究[J].土壤,2013,45(2):301-305.
[8]范玉贞.沼肥对山药品质及产量的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2011,39(5):119-120.
[9]李伯刚,陈建中,周瑾.不同肥料对黄山药根茎产量和薯蓣皂苷元含量的影响[J].天然产物研究与开发,2001,13(4):27-29.
[10]李伯刚,周瑾.黄山药栽培试验II:不同栽培技术对出苗率、次生根茎生长量、产量和薯蓣皂苷元的影响[J].天然产物研究与开发,1999,11(4):19-24.
[11]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000:338-342.
[12]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:142-143.
[13]张正竹.茶叶生物化学实验教程[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2009:35-52.
[14]李军,李玉儒,金明.螯合稀土-硼对马铃薯块茎产量作用效果[J].马铃薯杂志,1999,13(2):86-87.
[15]范士杰,雷尊国,吴文平.镁、锌、硼元素对马铃薯费乌瑞它产量的影响[J].种子,2008,27(10):104-105.
[16]宁建美,李贵松.镁对马铃薯产量和经济性状的影响初探[J].杂粮作物,2005,25(1):47-48.
[17]闻章辉.苏北地区马铃薯施用镁肥的效果试验[J].中国马铃薯,2005,19(6):350-351.
[18]唐静,王菲,张晓玲,等.中微量元素肥料对甘薯产量和品质的影响[J].西南农业学报,2012(3):962-966.
[19]吕慧峰,王小晶,陈怡,等.中微量元素肥料对马铃薯产量、品质和土壤肥力的影响[J].陕西农业科学,2010(5):21-24.
[20]Boaretto R M,Quaggio J A,Mattos Jr D,et al.Boron uptake and distribution in field grown citrus trees[J].Journal Plant Nutrition,2011,34(6):839-849.