某镍钼矿区周边土壤重金属风险评价及种植蔬菜健康风险评估
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摘要
为调查某镍钼矿区周边土壤重金属(Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu、Ni及Cr)污染情况和周边蔬菜及水稻中重金属含量对居民的影响,在矿区周边采集土壤样品,并采集其周边土壤根际的蔬菜或水稻样品。对土壤中重金属污染潜在生态风险进行评价,利用健康风险评估法对各种蔬菜或水稻判别重金属对人体健康影响程度,并采用生物富集系数法对各种蔬菜或水稻对重金属元素富集情况进行调查。结果显示,与贵州省土壤背景值相比,各个取样点重金属含量均存在超标现象,其中以Ni超标最严重。潜在生态危害趋势为Eir(Cd)>Eir(Ni)>Eir(Cu)>Eir(Pb)>Eir(Zn)>Eir(Cr),17号样点污染最严重,达到强生态危害级别。未发现可对Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb及Zn有富集能力的蔬菜及水稻,但发现辣椒和萝卜对Cd有较强吸收,水稻、萝卜及玉米对Zn具有较强吸收。结合重金属总量分析及潜在生态风险评价,研究区应注意Ni及Cd污染治理与防治,还应注意Cr及Pb造成的健康风险。
Soil samples and vegetables or rice samples around a Ni-Mo mining area were randomly collected to investigate contamination of heavy metals(Cd,Pb,Zn,Cu,Ni and Cr)in soil and influence of heavy metals content in vegetables and rice on residents.Heavy metal pollution in soil was evaluated by potential ecological risk assessment.Health risk assessment of various vegetables or rice was used to identify impact of heavy metals on human health.Accumulation of heavy metals in various vegetables or rice was investigated by Bioconcentration Coefficient Method.The results show that compared with background values of soil in Guizhou Province,contents of heavy metals in each sample point exceed the standard,of which Ni exceeds the standard to the largest extend.Trend of potential ecological hazards is Eir(Cd)>Eir(Ni)>Eir(Cu)>Eir(Pb)>Eir(Zn)>Eir(Cr).The pollution of sample 17 is the most serious,reaching the level of strong ecological hazards.Vegetables and rice which could enrich Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb and Zn are not found,but chili and radish have strong absorption on Cd,while rice,radish and maize have strong absorption on Zn.Combined with total amount analysis of heavy metals and potential ecological risk assessment,attention should be paid to control and prevention of Ni and Cd pollution in the study area,and attention should be paid to the health risks caused by Cr and Pb.
Soil samples and vegetables or rice samples around a Ni-Mo mining area were randomly collected to investigate contamination of heavy metals(Cd,Pb,Zn,Cu,Ni and Cr)in soil and influence of heavy metals content in vegetables and rice on residents.Heavy metal pollution in soil was evaluated by potential ecological risk assessment.Health risk assessment of various vegetables or rice was used to identify impact of heavy metals on human health.Accumulation of heavy metals in various vegetables or rice was investigated by Bioconcentration Coefficient Method.The results show that compared with background values of soil in Guizhou Province,contents of heavy metals in each sample point exceed the standard,of which Ni exceeds the standard to the largest extend.Trend of potential ecological hazards is Eir(Cd)>Eir(Ni)>Eir(Cu)>Eir(Pb)>Eir(Zn)>Eir(Cr).The pollution of sample 17 is the most serious,reaching the level of strong ecological hazards.Vegetables and rice which could enrich Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb and Zn are not found,but chili and radish have strong absorption on Cd,while rice,radish and maize have strong absorption on Zn.Combined with total amount analysis of heavy metals and potential ecological risk assessment,attention should be paid to control and prevention of Ni and Cd pollution in the study area,and attention should be paid to the health risks caused by Cr and Pb.
引文
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[3]王明玉,王学文,蒋长俊,等.镍钼矿综合利用过程及研究现状[J].稀有金属,2012,36(2):321-328.
[4]吴先亮,黄先飞,李朝婵,等.黔西煤矿区土壤重金属污染水平及其形态[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(6):335-341.
[5]张永康,曹耀华,高照国,等.某铜矿区土壤重金属污染评价[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2018(8):74-78.
[6]徐魁伟,高柏,刘媛媛,等.某铀矿山及其周边地区地下水重金属健康风险评估[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2017(8):66-70.
[7]王兵.铬渣堆场周边土壤中重金属污染及风险评估[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2018(4):81-86.
[8]程加迁,王俊平.蔬菜水果重金属膳食暴露评估中风险权重的确定方法[J].食品科学,2018,39(1):47-52.
[9]吴先亮,黄先飞,全文选,等.黔西煤矿区周边土壤重金属形态特征、污染评价及富集植物筛选[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(5):319-327.
[10]王金霞,罗乐,陈玉成,等.三峡库区库尾典型农用地土壤重金属污染特征及潜在风险[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(12):2711-2717.
[11]徐争启,倪师军,庹先国,等.潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(2):112-115.
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[13]陈志良,黄玲,周存宇,等.广州市蔬菜中重金属污染特征研究与评价[J].环境科学,2017,38(1):389-398.
[14]杨刚,沈飞,钟贵江,等.西南山地铅锌矿区耕地土壤和谷类产品重金属含量及健康风险评价[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(9):2014-2021.
[15]贾亮亮,戴塔根,游先军,等.湘西北下寒武统黑色岩系钒镍钼矿微量元素地球化学[J].地学前缘,2012,19(4):260-265.
[16]罗洁文,李莹,苏烁烁,等.类芦根系抗氧化酶和植物螯合肽对Cd、Pb胁迫的应答[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(6):1047-1053.
[17]张琳.纳米氧化锌对大鼠的心血管毒性作用[D].郑州:郑州大学,2012.
[18]王佳,刘斌,肖柏林,等.重庆城区市售蔬菜重金属污染评价与健康风险评估[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(5):942-949.
[19]张珍珍,程滨,李茹,等.太原市市售蔬菜重金属污染状况及健康风险评估[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(10):169-175.
[20]方凤满,汪琳琳,谢宏芳,等.芜湖市三山区蔬菜中重金属富集特征及健康风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(8):1471-1476.
[21]茹淑华,耿暖,张国印,等.河北省典型蔬菜产区土壤和蔬菜中重金属累积特征研究[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(8):1407-1411.
[22]楚纯洁,周金风.平顶山矿区丘陵坡地土壤理化性质及质量评价[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(1):104-110.
[23]孙满意,郭熙盛,王文军.不同施肥措施对休宁土壤Cd形态的影响与蔬菜富集特性的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(21):10093-10094.
[24]邓小鹏.4种茄科植物对矿区污染土壤重金属的吸收和富集[J].环境污染与防治,2011,33(1):46-51.
[25]张爱民,岳延滨,王永平,等.辣椒土壤中Cd形态分布及其生态风险评价[J].贵州农业科学,2015,43(10):131-135.
[26]茹淑华,张国印,孙世友,等.重金属Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd在土壤-萝卜系统中的迁移累积规律[J].华北农学报,2013,28(增刊1):361-365.
[27]岳庆玲.湖南典型矿区土壤和植物重金属污染研究[D].西安:西北农林科技大学,2004.
[28]林绍霞,张清海,郭媛,等.贵州草海沉积物重金属污染特征及潜在生态风险分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(11):2236-2241.
[29]宋以龙,曾艳,杨海全,等.贵州草海沉积物重金属时空分布特征与生态风险评价[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(7):1849-1856.
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