钻柱振动录井技术的时频分析方法研究
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摘要
为提取破岩时的有效信号,采用钻柱振动录井技术,通过在钻头后安装三分量加速度传感器采集破岩时的振动信号;分别采用短时傅里叶变换、小波变换、Hilbert-Huang变换等不同的时频分析方法,对数值模拟信号处理分析,以对比各种分析方法在时间分辨率、频率分辨率等方面的优缺点。通过比较不同的时频分析方法特点,采用短时傅里叶变换对贵州某矿的实采数据处理分析,结合时频信号在不同位置的特征来确定钻进过程中岩性变化的位置以及钻机不同工作状态的改变。研究结果表明:破岩较破煤时,200 Hz以下能量比破煤的能量强5倍以上,400 Hz和800 Hz位置能量较破煤时更明显,破岩仍具有很强能量,破煤只能在对应位置看到极少量能量,800 Hz以上破煤就无能量。钻机旋转未破岩在200 Hz和400 Hz都有很少能量,能量值不足破岩和破煤时的1%,钻机在水平进退钻时只存在10 Hz以下原有钻机工作的固有低频。钻柱振动录井技术对岩性划分和钻机工作状态的确定可为实际矿井钻探提供有力技术支撑。
In order to extract effective signals during rock breaking,drill string vibration logging technology was adopted,and three component accelerometer was installed behind the drill bit to collect vibration signals during rock breaking. Different time-frequency analysis methods such as short-time Fourier transform,wavelet transform and Hilbert-Huang transform are used to analyze the numerical simulation signal processing to compare the advantages and disadvantages of various analysis methods in terms of time resolution and frequency resolution. By comparing the characteristics of different time-frequency analysis methods,it is decided to use the short-time Fourier transform to analyze the actual data of a mine in Guizhou,the position of lithology change and the change of working state of drilling rig are determined according to the characteristics of time-frequency signals in different positions. The study results show: when rock breaking is compared with coal breaking,the energy below 200 Hz is more than 5 times stronger than that of coal breaking. The energy at 400 Hz and800 Hz position of energy are more obvious,coal breaking can only see very little energy in the corresponding position,and coal breaking above 800 Hz has no energy. The drilling rig has little energy at 200 Hz and 400 Hz,and its energy value is less than 1% of that at breaking rock and coal. When the drilling rig advances and retreats horizontally,there is only the inherent low frequency of the original rig working below 10 Hz.The division of lithology and determination of drilling rig working status by drill string vibration logging technology can provide strong technical support for actual mine drilling.
In order to extract effective signals during rock breaking,drill string vibration logging technology was adopted,and three component accelerometer was installed behind the drill bit to collect vibration signals during rock breaking. Different time-frequency analysis methods such as short-time Fourier transform,wavelet transform and Hilbert-Huang transform are used to analyze the numerical simulation signal processing to compare the advantages and disadvantages of various analysis methods in terms of time resolution and frequency resolution. By comparing the characteristics of different time-frequency analysis methods,it is decided to use the short-time Fourier transform to analyze the actual data of a mine in Guizhou,the position of lithology change and the change of working state of drilling rig are determined according to the characteristics of time-frequency signals in different positions. The study results show: when rock breaking is compared with coal breaking,the energy below 200 Hz is more than 5 times stronger than that of coal breaking. The energy at 400 Hz and800 Hz position of energy are more obvious,coal breaking can only see very little energy in the corresponding position,and coal breaking above 800 Hz has no energy. The drilling rig has little energy at 200 Hz and 400 Hz,and its energy value is less than 1% of that at breaking rock and coal. When the drilling rig advances and retreats horizontally,there is only the inherent low frequency of the original rig working below 10 Hz.The division of lithology and determination of drilling rig working status by drill string vibration logging technology can provide strong technical support for actual mine drilling.
引文
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[14]崔士波,葛洪魁,陆斌,等.钻柱振动信号特征及多次波成像[J].地球物理学进展,2010(2):714-720.CUI Shibo. GE Hongkui,LU Bing,et al. Characteristics of drill string vibration signals and progress of multiple wave imaging[J].Progress in Geophysics,2010(2):714-720.
[15]李子丰,张永贵,侯绪田,等.钻柱纵向和扭转振动分析[J].工程力学,2004,21(6):203-210.LI Zifeng,ZHANG Yonggui,HOU Xutian,et al. Longitudinal and torsional vibration analysis of drill string[J]. Engineering Mechanics,2004,21(6):203-210.
[16]韩韧.矿井钻机随钻测振方法及其应用[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2016.
[17]高岩,陈亚西,郭学增.钻柱振动信号采集系统及谱分析[J].录井工程,1998(3):44-51.GAO Yan,CHEN Yanxi,GUO Xuezeng. Drill string vibration signal acquisition system and spectrum analysis[J].Logging Engineering,1998(3):44-51.
[18]高岩.三牙轮钻头钻进时钻柱轴向振动的特征[J].石油学报,2000,21(6):93-96.GAO Yan.Characteristics of axial vibration of drill string during drilling of tri-cone bit[J].Journal of Petroleum,2000,21(6):93-96.
[19]胡明顺,潘冬明,徐红利,等.几种时频分析方法对比及在煤田地震勘探中的应用[J].物探与化探,2009,33(6):691-695.HU Mingshun,PAN Dongming,XU Hongli,et al. Comparison of several time-frequency analysis methods and their application in coalfield seismic exploration[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2009,33(6):691-695.
[20] HEISIG G,NEUBERT M.Lateral Drillstring Vibrations in ExtendedReach Wells[C].New orleans:IADC/SPE Drilling Conference,2000.
[21] GABOR D.Theory of communication[J].Iee Proc London,1946,93(73):58.
[22] GROSSMANN A,MORLET J. Decomposition of hardy functions into square integrable wavelets of constant shape[J].Siam J Math Anal 1984,15(4):723-736.
[23] RAHMAN M S,ZHENG K,GUPTA H. FSO-VR:steerable free space optics link for virtual reality headsets[C]. Proceedings of the 4th ACM Workshop on Wearable Systems and Applications,2018.
[24] ZHENG K,Longtin J P,Gupta H. Vibration control analysis on energy saving for data centers using Optical Wireless Communication(OWC)[C].ASTFE Digital Library. Begel House Inc,2017.
[25]郝欢,王华力,魏勤.经验模态分解理论及其应用[J].高技术通讯,2016,26(1):67-80.HAO Huan,WANG Huali,WEI Qin.Empirical mode decomposition theory and its application[J].High Technology News,2016,26(1):67-80.
[2] ZHANG K,HOU R,ZHANG G,et al.Rock drillability assessment and lithology classification based on the operating parameters of a drifter:case study in a coal mine in China[J].Rock Mechanics&Rock Engineering,2016,49(1):329-334.
[3]宿雪,葛洪魁,杨微,等.钻柱振动录井的研究现状及发展趋势[J].石油钻探技术,2009,37(5):15-19.SU Xue,GE Hongkui,YANG Wei,et al.Research status and development trend of drill string vibration logging[J]. Petroleum Drilling Technology,2009,37(5):15-19.
[4] FINNIE I,BAILEY J J.An experimental study of drill-string vibration[J].Journal of Engineering for Industry,1960,82(2):503-510.
[5] DAREING D W,LIVESAY B J. Longitudinal and angular drillstring vibrations with damping[J]. Journal of Engineering for Industry,1968,90(4):671-681.
[6] DEILY F H,DAREING D W,PAFF G H,et al.Downhole measurements of drill string forces and motions[J]. Journal of Manufacturing Science&Engineering,1968,90(2):200-211.
[7] LUTZ J.Instantaneous logging based on a dynamic theory of drilling[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1972,24(6):750-758.
[8] DENISON E B. High data-rate drilling telemetry system[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1979,31(2):155-163.
[9] BESAISOW A A,JAN Y M,SCHUH F J.Development of a surface drillstring vibration measurement system[C]. Las Vegas:SPE Technical Conference and Exhibition,1985.
[10] WOLF S F.Field measurements of downhole drillstring vibrations[C]Las Vegas:SPE Technical Conference and Exhibition,1985.
[11] CLOSE D A,OWENS S C,MACPHERSON J D.Measurement of bha vibration using MWD[C]. Dallas:SPE/IADC Drilling Conference,1988.
[12] MACPHERSON J D,JOGI P N,KINGMAN J E E.Application and analysis of simultaneous near bit and surface dynamics measurements[J].Spe Drilling&Completion,1998,16(4):230-238.
[13] SCHEN A E,SNELL A D,STANES B H.Optimization of bit drilling performance using a new small vibration logging tool l[R].SPE/IADC,2005.
[14]崔士波,葛洪魁,陆斌,等.钻柱振动信号特征及多次波成像[J].地球物理学进展,2010(2):714-720.CUI Shibo. GE Hongkui,LU Bing,et al. Characteristics of drill string vibration signals and progress of multiple wave imaging[J].Progress in Geophysics,2010(2):714-720.
[15]李子丰,张永贵,侯绪田,等.钻柱纵向和扭转振动分析[J].工程力学,2004,21(6):203-210.LI Zifeng,ZHANG Yonggui,HOU Xutian,et al. Longitudinal and torsional vibration analysis of drill string[J]. Engineering Mechanics,2004,21(6):203-210.
[16]韩韧.矿井钻机随钻测振方法及其应用[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2016.
[17]高岩,陈亚西,郭学增.钻柱振动信号采集系统及谱分析[J].录井工程,1998(3):44-51.GAO Yan,CHEN Yanxi,GUO Xuezeng. Drill string vibration signal acquisition system and spectrum analysis[J].Logging Engineering,1998(3):44-51.
[18]高岩.三牙轮钻头钻进时钻柱轴向振动的特征[J].石油学报,2000,21(6):93-96.GAO Yan.Characteristics of axial vibration of drill string during drilling of tri-cone bit[J].Journal of Petroleum,2000,21(6):93-96.
[19]胡明顺,潘冬明,徐红利,等.几种时频分析方法对比及在煤田地震勘探中的应用[J].物探与化探,2009,33(6):691-695.HU Mingshun,PAN Dongming,XU Hongli,et al. Comparison of several time-frequency analysis methods and their application in coalfield seismic exploration[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2009,33(6):691-695.
[20] HEISIG G,NEUBERT M.Lateral Drillstring Vibrations in ExtendedReach Wells[C].New orleans:IADC/SPE Drilling Conference,2000.
[21] GABOR D.Theory of communication[J].Iee Proc London,1946,93(73):58.
[22] GROSSMANN A,MORLET J. Decomposition of hardy functions into square integrable wavelets of constant shape[J].Siam J Math Anal 1984,15(4):723-736.
[23] RAHMAN M S,ZHENG K,GUPTA H. FSO-VR:steerable free space optics link for virtual reality headsets[C]. Proceedings of the 4th ACM Workshop on Wearable Systems and Applications,2018.
[24] ZHENG K,Longtin J P,Gupta H. Vibration control analysis on energy saving for data centers using Optical Wireless Communication(OWC)[C].ASTFE Digital Library. Begel House Inc,2017.
[25]郝欢,王华力,魏勤.经验模态分解理论及其应用[J].高技术通讯,2016,26(1):67-80.HAO Huan,WANG Huali,WEI Qin.Empirical mode decomposition theory and its application[J].High Technology News,2016,26(1):67-80.
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