洪泽湖地区麦稻两熟农田和杨树林地氮磷径流流失特征研究
|
摘要
【目的】氮、磷的流失已成为农业面源污染的最重要来源之一。探究和比较麦稻两熟农田以及杨树林地的降雨径流特征、径流水中氮磷流失情况,为预防地表水富营养化提供参考。【方法】在洪泽湖河湖交汇区典型农田和林地设置径流池,进行了为期1年的地表径流以及氮磷流失监测。【结果】麦田、稻田与杨树林地产生径流的最小降雨量分别为4.2、3.3、22. 8 mm,随着降雨量增大,杨树林地径流量增幅远小于农田。除了麦田总氮、硝态氮、总磷和可溶性磷流失量与降雨量相关性不明显外,其余各形态氮磷元素流失量基本随降雨量的增加而增加。麦田和杨树林地处在旱地状态下,其氮素流失分别以硝态氮为主,磷素流失以颗粒态磷为主;而稻田处在淹水条件下,氮、磷的流失分别以铵态氮和可溶性磷为主。杨树林地氮磷流失量都比农田小,全年总氮、可溶性氮、硝态氮和铵态氮总流失量分别只有农田总流失量的22. 61%、23. 79%、23. 46%、24. 59%,总磷、可溶性磷和正磷酸盐总流失量只有农田总流失量的0. 81%、0. 77%、0. 67%。【结论】与农田相比,林地能够更好地控制径流养分流失,可以在面源污染控制中发挥重要作用。
【Objective】The loss of nitrogen and phosphorus has become one of the most important sources of agricultural non-point source pollution. The purpose of this study was to explore and compare the characteristics of rainfall runoff and the regularities of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in runoff water of a wheat-rice double cropping field and poplar forest land.【Method】In this study,the surface runoff and nitrogen and phosphorus loss were monitored in the intersection area of Hung-tse Lake and Huaihe River for one year by collecting runoff.【Result】The minimum rainfall that produced runoff from the wheat field,rice field,and poplar forest land was 4.2,3.3 and 22.8 mm,respectively. With the increase of rainfall,the increase of the poplar forest runoff was much lower than that of the farmland. The total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,total phosphorus,and soluble phosphorus loss were not significantly correlated with rainfall,but the loss of different states of nitrogen and phosphorus increased with the increase in rainfall. The wheat field and poplar forest land were usually in the dry condition,where nitrogen loss was mainly caused by nitrate nitrogen and phosphorus loss was primarily caused by particulate phosphorus. The rice field was in a flooded condition,and the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus was caused by ammonia nitrogen and soluble phosphorus,respectively. The nitrogen and phosphorus loss in the poplar forest was lower than that of the farmland,and the total loss in a year of total nitrogen,soluble nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,and ammonia nitrogen in the polar forest land was 22.61%,23.79%,23.46% and 24.59% that of the farmland,respectively. Total phosphorus,soluble phosphorus,and orthophosphate in the polar forest land was 0.81%,0.77% and0.67% that of the loss in farmland,respectively.【Conclusion】Therefore,forest land can better control the loss of runoff nutrients compared with farmland,and plays an important role in the control of non-point source pollution.
【Objective】The loss of nitrogen and phosphorus has become one of the most important sources of agricultural non-point source pollution. The purpose of this study was to explore and compare the characteristics of rainfall runoff and the regularities of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in runoff water of a wheat-rice double cropping field and poplar forest land.【Method】In this study,the surface runoff and nitrogen and phosphorus loss were monitored in the intersection area of Hung-tse Lake and Huaihe River for one year by collecting runoff.【Result】The minimum rainfall that produced runoff from the wheat field,rice field,and poplar forest land was 4.2,3.3 and 22.8 mm,respectively. With the increase of rainfall,the increase of the poplar forest runoff was much lower than that of the farmland. The total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,total phosphorus,and soluble phosphorus loss were not significantly correlated with rainfall,but the loss of different states of nitrogen and phosphorus increased with the increase in rainfall. The wheat field and poplar forest land were usually in the dry condition,where nitrogen loss was mainly caused by nitrate nitrogen and phosphorus loss was primarily caused by particulate phosphorus. The rice field was in a flooded condition,and the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus was caused by ammonia nitrogen and soluble phosphorus,respectively. The nitrogen and phosphorus loss in the poplar forest was lower than that of the farmland,and the total loss in a year of total nitrogen,soluble nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,and ammonia nitrogen in the polar forest land was 22.61%,23.79%,23.46% and 24.59% that of the farmland,respectively. Total phosphorus,soluble phosphorus,and orthophosphate in the polar forest land was 0.81%,0.77% and0.67% that of the loss in farmland,respectively.【Conclusion】Therefore,forest land can better control the loss of runoff nutrients compared with farmland,and plays an important role in the control of non-point source pollution.
引文
[1]EVANS R O, WESTERMAN P W, OVERCASH M R.Subsurface drainage water quality from land application of swine lagoon effluent[J]. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers,1984,27(2):473-480.
[2]MARTINEZ J,DABERT P,BARRINGTON S,et al. Livestock waste treatment systems for environmental quality,food safety,and sustainability[J]. Bioresource Technology,2009,100(22):5527-5536.
[3]KAMEOKA T. Methane fermentation system for swine wastewater treatment[J]. Japanese Journal of Zoo Technical Science,2003,2(2):3-9.
[4]陈勇,冯永忠,杨改河.农业非点源污染研究进展[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(8):173-181.CHEN Y,FENG Y Z,YANG G H.Advances in research on nonpoint source pollution in agricultural[J]. Journal of Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University(Natural Science Edition),2010,38(8):173-181.
[5]徐勇峰,陈子鹏,吴翼,等.环洪泽湖区域农业面源污染特征及控制对策[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(2):2-8.XU Y F,CHEN Z P,WU Y,et al. Characteristics and control measures of non-point agricultural pollution around Hongze Lake[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2016,40(2):2-8.
[6]吉婷婷,钟堃,王涛,等.洪泽湖生态经济区重要水域水质的时空变化特征——以淮安市为例[J].淮阴师范学院学报(自然科学版),2018,17(1):52-56.JI T T,ZHONG K,WANG T,et al. Time and space changes of water quality in important waters of hongze lake ecological economic zone—a case study of Huai’an City[J]. Journal of Huaiyin Teachers College(Natural Science Edition),2008,17(1):52-56.
[7]张兴昌,邵明安,黄占斌,等.不同植被对土壤侵蚀和氮素流失的影响[J].生态学报,2000,20(6):1039-1044. DOI:10.3321/j.issn.1000-0933.2000.06.022.ZHANG X C,SHAO M A,HUANG Z B,et al. Effects of different vegetation on soil erosion and nitrogen loss[J]. Journal of Ecology,2000,20(6):1039-1044.
[8]徐广辉,居立海,赵全久,等.洪泽县主要作物施肥动态及对策[J].中国土壤与肥料,2006(6):57-59.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-6257.2006.06.016.XU G H,JU L H,ZHAO Q J,et al. Fertilization dynamics and strategies for main crops in Hongze County[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences China,2006(6):57-59.
[9]吴红洪,徐井风,施吉飞,等.洪泽县肥料农化服务现状及前景展望[J].现代农业科技,2010(6):292-294.WU H H,XU J F,SHI J F,et al. Status and prospects of fertilizer agrochemical service in Hongze County[J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2010(6):292-294.
[10]吕唤春,薛生国,方志发,等.千岛湖流域不同土地利用方式对氮和磷流失的影响[J].中国地质,2004,31(S1):112-117. DOI:10.3967/j.issn.1000-3657.2004.21.018.LH C,XUE S G,FANG Z F,et al. Effects of different land use modes on nitrogen and phosphorus loss in Qiandao Lake Basin[J]. Chinese Geology,2004,31(S1):112-117.
[11]孙莉,高思佳,储昭升,等.土地利用方式对洱海流域坝区土壤氮磷有机质含量的影响[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(9):1318-1324.DOI:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2016.09.10.SUN L,GAO S J,CHU Z S,et al. Effect of land use on soil N and P content in dam area of Erhai Basin[J]. Environmental Science Research,2016,29(9):1318-1324.
[12]吴东,黄志霖,肖文发,等.三峡库区典型退耕还林模式土壤养分流失控制[J].环境科学,2015,36(10):3825-3831.DOI; 10.13287/j.hjkx.2015.10.035.WU D,HUANG Z L,XIAO W F,et al. Soil nutrient loss control in the typical model of returning farmland to forest in the three gorges reservoir area[J]. Environmental Science,2015,36(10):3825-3831.
[13] HAMED Y, ALBERGEL J, PEPIN Y,et al. Comparison between rainfall simulator erosion and observed reservoir sedimentation in an erosion-sensitive semiarid catchment[J]. Catena,2002,50(1):1-16.
[14]NEARING M A,JETTEN V,BAFFAUT C,et al. Modeling response of soil erosion and runoff to changes in precipitation and cover[J]. Catena,2005,61(2):131-154.
[15]刘战东,高阳,段爱旺,等.麦田降雨产流过程的影响因素[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(2):38-44.LIU Z D,GAO Y,DUAN A W,et al. Effects of rainfall production and flow in wheat fields[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(2):38-44.
[16]李俊然,陈利顶.土地利用结构对非点源污染的影响[J].中国环境科学,2000,20(6):506-510.LI J R,CHEN L D. Effects of land use structure on non-point source pollution[J]. Chinese Environmental Science,2000,20(6):506-510.
[17]周毅,魏天兴,解建强,等.黄土高原不同林地类型水土保持效益分析[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(3):12-17.ZHOU Y,WEI T X,XIE J Q,et al. Soil and water conservation benefit analysis of different forest types in Loess Plateau[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,25(3):12-17.
[18]范宏翔,徐力刚,赵旭,等.太湖流域典型稻-麦轮作农田区氮素流失过程研究[J].生态环境学报,2015(2):255-262.FAN H X,XU L G,ZHAO X,et al. Study on nitrogen loss in typical rice-wheat rotation farmland in Taihu Basin[J]. Journal of Ecological Environment,2015(2):255-262.
[19]陈秋会,席运官,王磊,等.太湖地区稻麦轮作农田有机和常规种植模式下氮磷径流流失特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(8):1550-1558.CHEN Q H,XI Y G,WANG L,et al. Study on the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff loss in organic and conventional planting patterns of paddy and wheat rotation in Taihu area[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2016,35(8):1550-1558.
[20]雷沛,曾祉祥,张洪,等.丹江口水库农业径流小区土壤氮磷流失特征[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(3):44-48.LEI P,ZENG Z X,ZHANG H,et al. Characteristics of soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss in agricultural runoff community of Danjiangkou Reservoir[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,30(3):44-48.
[21]陆敏,刘敏,黄明蔚,等.大田条件下稻麦轮作土壤氮素流失研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(5):1234-1239.LU M,LIU M,HUANG M W,et al. Nitrogen loss in rice and wheat crop rotation under field conditions[J]. Journal of Agroenvironment Science,2006,25(5):1234-1239.
[22]马祥庆,张顺恒,何智英,等.杉木世行造林水土流失及土壤肥力监测[J].森林与环境学报,1996(1):71-74.MA X Q,ZHANG S H,HE Z Y,et al. Monitoring of soil erosion and soil fertility by China fir bank for afforestation[J]. Journal of Forestry and Environment,1996(1):71-74.
[23]夏为,严江明,朱爱国.综合防治山核桃林地水土流失的技术研究[J].浙江水利水电学院学报,2007,19(4):70-72.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-536x.2007.04.020.XIA W,YAN J M,ZHU A G. Technical research on integrated prevention of soil erosion in pecan woodland[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Hydropower,2007,19(4):70-72.
[24]徐义保,査轩,黄少燕.南方红壤丘陵区马尾松林地水土流失研究进展[J].亚热带水土保持,2011,23(4):40-43.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-2651.2001.04.011.XU Y B,ZHA X,HUANG S Y. Research progress of soil erosion in masson pine forest in the hilly region of red soil in South China[J].Subtropical Soil and Water Conservation,2011,23(4):40-43.
[25]李俊波,华珞,冯琰.坡地土壤养分流失研究概况[J].土壤通报,2005,36(5):753-759. DOI:10. 3321/j. issn. 0564-3945.2005.05.028.LI J B,HUA L,FENG Y. Survey of soil nutrient loss in sloping land[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2005,36(5):753-759.
[26]王春梅.太湖流域典型菜地地表径流氮磷流失研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2011.WANG C M. Loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface runoff from typical vegetable fields in Taihu Basin[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2011.
[27]王桂苓,马友华,孙兴旺,等.巢湖流域麦稻轮作农田径流氮磷流失研究[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(2):6-10,29.WANG G L,MA Y H,SUN X W,et al. Study on nitrogen and phosphorus loss of wheat and rice crop rotation in Chao Lake Basin[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,24(2):6-10,29.
[28]张奇春,王雪芹,楼莉萍,等.毛竹林生态系统地表径流及其氮素流失形态研究[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(5):23-26.ZHANG Q C,WANG X Q,LOU L P,et al. Studies on surface runoff and nitrogen loss patterns in moso bamboo forest ecosystem[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,24(5):23-26.
[29]孙金华,陈成,齐兵强,等.太湖流域雪堰镇氮素流失规律及形态特性[J].水科学进展,2013,24(4):529-536.SUN J H,CHEN C,QI B Q,et al. Nitrogen loss law and morphological characteristics of Xuyan Town in Taihu Basin[J]. Advances in Water Science,2013,24(4):529-536.
[30]何晓玲,郑子成,李廷轩.不同耕作方式对紫色土侵蚀及磷素流失的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(12):2492-2500.HE X L,ZHENG Z C,LI T X. Effects of different farming methods on erosion of purple soil and loss of phosphorus[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science,2013,46(12):2492-2500.
[31]梁新强,田光明,李华,等.天然降雨条件下水稻田氮磷径流流失特征研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(1):59-63.DOI:10.3221/j.issn.1009-2242.2005.01.015.LIANG X Q,TIAN G M,LI H,et al. Study on characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff loss in paddy fields under natural rainfall conditions[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,19(1):59-63.
[32]席运官,田伟,李妍,等.太湖地区稻麦轮作系统氮,磷径流排放规律及流失系数[J].江苏农业学报,2014,30(3):534-540.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2014.03.013.XI Y G,TIAN W,LI Y,et al. Nitrogen and phosphorus runoff emission rules and loss coefficients of rice and wheat rotation system in Taihu area[J]. Jiangsu Journal of Agriculture Sciences,2014,30(3):534-540.
[33]PARRY R. Agricultural phosphorus and water quality:a US environmental protection agency perspective[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality,1998,27(2):258-261.
[34]程文娟,史静,夏运生,等.滇池流域农田土壤氮磷流失分析研究[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(5):52-55.DOI:10.3321/j.issn.1009-2242.2009.05.012.CHEN W J,SHI J,XIA Y S,et al. Analysis of soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss in farmland in Dianchi Valley[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,22(5):52-55.
[35]HART M R,QUIN B F,NGUYEN M. Phosphorus runoff from agricultural land and direct fertilizer effects[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality,2004,33(6):1954-1972.
[36]杨蓓蓓,刘敏,张丽佳,等.稻麦轮作农田系统中磷素流失研究[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2009,11(6):56-63.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2009.06.007.YANG B B,LIU M,ZHANG L J,et al. Phosphorus loss in rice and wheat crop rotation[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2009,11(6):56-63.
[37]李恒鹏,金洋,李燕.模拟降雨条件下农田地表径流与壤中流氮素流失比较[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(2):6-9.DOI:10.3321/j.issn.1009-2242.2008.02.002.LI H P,JIN Y,LI Y. Comparison of runoff and nitrogen loss in soil under simulated rainfall conditions[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,22(2):6-9.
[38]高扬,朱波,周培,等.紫色土坡地氮素和磷素非点源输出的人工模拟研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(4):1371-1376.DOI:10.3321/j.issn.1672-2043.2008.04.016.GAO Y,ZHU B,ZHOU P,et al. Artificial simulation study of non-point source output of nitrogen and phosphorus in purple soil slope[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2008,27(4):1371-1376.
[2]MARTINEZ J,DABERT P,BARRINGTON S,et al. Livestock waste treatment systems for environmental quality,food safety,and sustainability[J]. Bioresource Technology,2009,100(22):5527-5536.
[3]KAMEOKA T. Methane fermentation system for swine wastewater treatment[J]. Japanese Journal of Zoo Technical Science,2003,2(2):3-9.
[4]陈勇,冯永忠,杨改河.农业非点源污染研究进展[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(8):173-181.CHEN Y,FENG Y Z,YANG G H.Advances in research on nonpoint source pollution in agricultural[J]. Journal of Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University(Natural Science Edition),2010,38(8):173-181.
[5]徐勇峰,陈子鹏,吴翼,等.环洪泽湖区域农业面源污染特征及控制对策[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(2):2-8.XU Y F,CHEN Z P,WU Y,et al. Characteristics and control measures of non-point agricultural pollution around Hongze Lake[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2016,40(2):2-8.
[6]吉婷婷,钟堃,王涛,等.洪泽湖生态经济区重要水域水质的时空变化特征——以淮安市为例[J].淮阴师范学院学报(自然科学版),2018,17(1):52-56.JI T T,ZHONG K,WANG T,et al. Time and space changes of water quality in important waters of hongze lake ecological economic zone—a case study of Huai’an City[J]. Journal of Huaiyin Teachers College(Natural Science Edition),2008,17(1):52-56.
[7]张兴昌,邵明安,黄占斌,等.不同植被对土壤侵蚀和氮素流失的影响[J].生态学报,2000,20(6):1039-1044. DOI:10.3321/j.issn.1000-0933.2000.06.022.ZHANG X C,SHAO M A,HUANG Z B,et al. Effects of different vegetation on soil erosion and nitrogen loss[J]. Journal of Ecology,2000,20(6):1039-1044.
[8]徐广辉,居立海,赵全久,等.洪泽县主要作物施肥动态及对策[J].中国土壤与肥料,2006(6):57-59.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-6257.2006.06.016.XU G H,JU L H,ZHAO Q J,et al. Fertilization dynamics and strategies for main crops in Hongze County[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences China,2006(6):57-59.
[9]吴红洪,徐井风,施吉飞,等.洪泽县肥料农化服务现状及前景展望[J].现代农业科技,2010(6):292-294.WU H H,XU J F,SHI J F,et al. Status and prospects of fertilizer agrochemical service in Hongze County[J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2010(6):292-294.
[10]吕唤春,薛生国,方志发,等.千岛湖流域不同土地利用方式对氮和磷流失的影响[J].中国地质,2004,31(S1):112-117. DOI:10.3967/j.issn.1000-3657.2004.21.018.LH C,XUE S G,FANG Z F,et al. Effects of different land use modes on nitrogen and phosphorus loss in Qiandao Lake Basin[J]. Chinese Geology,2004,31(S1):112-117.
[11]孙莉,高思佳,储昭升,等.土地利用方式对洱海流域坝区土壤氮磷有机质含量的影响[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(9):1318-1324.DOI:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2016.09.10.SUN L,GAO S J,CHU Z S,et al. Effect of land use on soil N and P content in dam area of Erhai Basin[J]. Environmental Science Research,2016,29(9):1318-1324.
[12]吴东,黄志霖,肖文发,等.三峡库区典型退耕还林模式土壤养分流失控制[J].环境科学,2015,36(10):3825-3831.DOI; 10.13287/j.hjkx.2015.10.035.WU D,HUANG Z L,XIAO W F,et al. Soil nutrient loss control in the typical model of returning farmland to forest in the three gorges reservoir area[J]. Environmental Science,2015,36(10):3825-3831.
[13] HAMED Y, ALBERGEL J, PEPIN Y,et al. Comparison between rainfall simulator erosion and observed reservoir sedimentation in an erosion-sensitive semiarid catchment[J]. Catena,2002,50(1):1-16.
[14]NEARING M A,JETTEN V,BAFFAUT C,et al. Modeling response of soil erosion and runoff to changes in precipitation and cover[J]. Catena,2005,61(2):131-154.
[15]刘战东,高阳,段爱旺,等.麦田降雨产流过程的影响因素[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(2):38-44.LIU Z D,GAO Y,DUAN A W,et al. Effects of rainfall production and flow in wheat fields[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(2):38-44.
[16]李俊然,陈利顶.土地利用结构对非点源污染的影响[J].中国环境科学,2000,20(6):506-510.LI J R,CHEN L D. Effects of land use structure on non-point source pollution[J]. Chinese Environmental Science,2000,20(6):506-510.
[17]周毅,魏天兴,解建强,等.黄土高原不同林地类型水土保持效益分析[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(3):12-17.ZHOU Y,WEI T X,XIE J Q,et al. Soil and water conservation benefit analysis of different forest types in Loess Plateau[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,25(3):12-17.
[18]范宏翔,徐力刚,赵旭,等.太湖流域典型稻-麦轮作农田区氮素流失过程研究[J].生态环境学报,2015(2):255-262.FAN H X,XU L G,ZHAO X,et al. Study on nitrogen loss in typical rice-wheat rotation farmland in Taihu Basin[J]. Journal of Ecological Environment,2015(2):255-262.
[19]陈秋会,席运官,王磊,等.太湖地区稻麦轮作农田有机和常规种植模式下氮磷径流流失特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(8):1550-1558.CHEN Q H,XI Y G,WANG L,et al. Study on the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff loss in organic and conventional planting patterns of paddy and wheat rotation in Taihu area[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2016,35(8):1550-1558.
[20]雷沛,曾祉祥,张洪,等.丹江口水库农业径流小区土壤氮磷流失特征[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(3):44-48.LEI P,ZENG Z X,ZHANG H,et al. Characteristics of soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss in agricultural runoff community of Danjiangkou Reservoir[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,30(3):44-48.
[21]陆敏,刘敏,黄明蔚,等.大田条件下稻麦轮作土壤氮素流失研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(5):1234-1239.LU M,LIU M,HUANG M W,et al. Nitrogen loss in rice and wheat crop rotation under field conditions[J]. Journal of Agroenvironment Science,2006,25(5):1234-1239.
[22]马祥庆,张顺恒,何智英,等.杉木世行造林水土流失及土壤肥力监测[J].森林与环境学报,1996(1):71-74.MA X Q,ZHANG S H,HE Z Y,et al. Monitoring of soil erosion and soil fertility by China fir bank for afforestation[J]. Journal of Forestry and Environment,1996(1):71-74.
[23]夏为,严江明,朱爱国.综合防治山核桃林地水土流失的技术研究[J].浙江水利水电学院学报,2007,19(4):70-72.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-536x.2007.04.020.XIA W,YAN J M,ZHU A G. Technical research on integrated prevention of soil erosion in pecan woodland[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Hydropower,2007,19(4):70-72.
[24]徐义保,査轩,黄少燕.南方红壤丘陵区马尾松林地水土流失研究进展[J].亚热带水土保持,2011,23(4):40-43.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-2651.2001.04.011.XU Y B,ZHA X,HUANG S Y. Research progress of soil erosion in masson pine forest in the hilly region of red soil in South China[J].Subtropical Soil and Water Conservation,2011,23(4):40-43.
[25]李俊波,华珞,冯琰.坡地土壤养分流失研究概况[J].土壤通报,2005,36(5):753-759. DOI:10. 3321/j. issn. 0564-3945.2005.05.028.LI J B,HUA L,FENG Y. Survey of soil nutrient loss in sloping land[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2005,36(5):753-759.
[26]王春梅.太湖流域典型菜地地表径流氮磷流失研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2011.WANG C M. Loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface runoff from typical vegetable fields in Taihu Basin[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2011.
[27]王桂苓,马友华,孙兴旺,等.巢湖流域麦稻轮作农田径流氮磷流失研究[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(2):6-10,29.WANG G L,MA Y H,SUN X W,et al. Study on nitrogen and phosphorus loss of wheat and rice crop rotation in Chao Lake Basin[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,24(2):6-10,29.
[28]张奇春,王雪芹,楼莉萍,等.毛竹林生态系统地表径流及其氮素流失形态研究[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(5):23-26.ZHANG Q C,WANG X Q,LOU L P,et al. Studies on surface runoff and nitrogen loss patterns in moso bamboo forest ecosystem[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,24(5):23-26.
[29]孙金华,陈成,齐兵强,等.太湖流域雪堰镇氮素流失规律及形态特性[J].水科学进展,2013,24(4):529-536.SUN J H,CHEN C,QI B Q,et al. Nitrogen loss law and morphological characteristics of Xuyan Town in Taihu Basin[J]. Advances in Water Science,2013,24(4):529-536.
[30]何晓玲,郑子成,李廷轩.不同耕作方式对紫色土侵蚀及磷素流失的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(12):2492-2500.HE X L,ZHENG Z C,LI T X. Effects of different farming methods on erosion of purple soil and loss of phosphorus[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science,2013,46(12):2492-2500.
[31]梁新强,田光明,李华,等.天然降雨条件下水稻田氮磷径流流失特征研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(1):59-63.DOI:10.3221/j.issn.1009-2242.2005.01.015.LIANG X Q,TIAN G M,LI H,et al. Study on characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff loss in paddy fields under natural rainfall conditions[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,19(1):59-63.
[32]席运官,田伟,李妍,等.太湖地区稻麦轮作系统氮,磷径流排放规律及流失系数[J].江苏农业学报,2014,30(3):534-540.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2014.03.013.XI Y G,TIAN W,LI Y,et al. Nitrogen and phosphorus runoff emission rules and loss coefficients of rice and wheat rotation system in Taihu area[J]. Jiangsu Journal of Agriculture Sciences,2014,30(3):534-540.
[33]PARRY R. Agricultural phosphorus and water quality:a US environmental protection agency perspective[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality,1998,27(2):258-261.
[34]程文娟,史静,夏运生,等.滇池流域农田土壤氮磷流失分析研究[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(5):52-55.DOI:10.3321/j.issn.1009-2242.2009.05.012.CHEN W J,SHI J,XIA Y S,et al. Analysis of soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss in farmland in Dianchi Valley[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,22(5):52-55.
[35]HART M R,QUIN B F,NGUYEN M. Phosphorus runoff from agricultural land and direct fertilizer effects[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality,2004,33(6):1954-1972.
[36]杨蓓蓓,刘敏,张丽佳,等.稻麦轮作农田系统中磷素流失研究[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2009,11(6):56-63.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2009.06.007.YANG B B,LIU M,ZHANG L J,et al. Phosphorus loss in rice and wheat crop rotation[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2009,11(6):56-63.
[37]李恒鹏,金洋,李燕.模拟降雨条件下农田地表径流与壤中流氮素流失比较[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(2):6-9.DOI:10.3321/j.issn.1009-2242.2008.02.002.LI H P,JIN Y,LI Y. Comparison of runoff and nitrogen loss in soil under simulated rainfall conditions[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,22(2):6-9.
[38]高扬,朱波,周培,等.紫色土坡地氮素和磷素非点源输出的人工模拟研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(4):1371-1376.DOI:10.3321/j.issn.1672-2043.2008.04.016.GAO Y,ZHU B,ZHOU P,et al. Artificial simulation study of non-point source output of nitrogen and phosphorus in purple soil slope[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2008,27(4):1371-1376.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |