基于空间组合特征的农村居民点布局优化研究
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摘要
为了科学划分农村居民点类型,有针对性地指导新农村建设中的农村居民点布局优化问题,该文以宜春市袁州区彬江镇为例,采用最小阻力模型、场强模型等方法,基于多种空间分析结果和组合特征,对农村居民点类型进行划分,并根据不同农村居民点类型的特点,有针对性地制定相应的空间布局优化策略。研究结果表明:彬江镇中部与北部综合阻力较低,南部阻力较高;结节性指数较高的区域主要分布于中部和北部;场强较高的区域主要分布于北部城镇周边;通过对以上研究结果整合,将彬江镇农村居民点划分为城镇扩张型、快速发展型、控制发展型和迁移合并型,根据不同农村居民点类型的特点,提出了不同的布局优化策略和发展建议。该研究结果可为新农村建设背景下的农村居民点规划发展提供依据。
In order to scientifically divide the types of rural settlements, and to guide the optimization of rural residential layouts in the construction of new rural areas, this article takes Binjiang Town, Yuanzhou District, Yichun City as an example, and uses ArcGIS and other software to adopt the model of minimum resistance and field strength. The method has carried out a number of evaluations on various rural settlements, obtained various spatial analysis and evaluation results, and then combined the evaluation results, and based on this, divided the types of rural settlements according to the characteristics of different types of rural settlements, targeted development of the corresponding spatial layout optimization strategy. The results show that the topographical geomorphic resistance of the rural residential areas in Binjiang Town is higher in the south than in the north; the land resistance is higher in the northwest; the disaster resistance is lower in the south and the north is higher, the comprehensive resistance of the location factors is higher in the south and lower in the north; the comprehensive resistance is in the middle and the north is lower; the south is higher. The areas with higher nodularity index are mainly distributed in the central and northern parts, such as Hengshan Village, Yingshan Village and Xiatang Village; the areas with higher field strength are mainly distributed in the northern towns, such as Dapu Village and Sheshu Village; Based on the integration of the above research results, the rural residential areas in Binjiang Town are divided into urban expansion type, rapid development type, control development type and migration combination type, with areas of 1.15, 4.94, 0.56 and 0.79 km~2, respectively. According to the characteristics of different types of rural settlements, different layout optimization strategies and development suggestions are proposed. Urban expansion rural settlements can improve the infrastructure conditions and achieve the healthy development of urbanization by formulating corresponding support policies; rapid development rural residents need to be differentiated. For rural residential areas with urbanization potential, they should support their development while preventing the disorderly expansion of cities and towns. For more remote rural residential areas, they need to pay attention to their development coordination; Rural residential areas should pay attention to the protection of the environment, improve the rural landscape and living environment, and orderly exit the abandoned residential sites; migration and merged rural residential areas can be transferred to areas with convenient transportation and good economies of scale. It can save land resources and protect the ecological environment. Areas with better development conditions can carry out investment promotion and industrial upgrading, attract nearby labor, and avoid the phenomenon of "hollowing". Under the background of "Rural the Countryside" strategy, the layout problem of rural residential areas has become an inevitable and necessary problem in the construction of new rural areas. Reasonable optimization of layout can provide farmers with various conveniences and guarantee rural social and economic development. While protecting the rural ecological environment, this study can provide reference for the optimization of the layout of rural residential areas.
In order to scientifically divide the types of rural settlements, and to guide the optimization of rural residential layouts in the construction of new rural areas, this article takes Binjiang Town, Yuanzhou District, Yichun City as an example, and uses ArcGIS and other software to adopt the model of minimum resistance and field strength. The method has carried out a number of evaluations on various rural settlements, obtained various spatial analysis and evaluation results, and then combined the evaluation results, and based on this, divided the types of rural settlements according to the characteristics of different types of rural settlements, targeted development of the corresponding spatial layout optimization strategy. The results show that the topographical geomorphic resistance of the rural residential areas in Binjiang Town is higher in the south than in the north; the land resistance is higher in the northwest; the disaster resistance is lower in the south and the north is higher, the comprehensive resistance of the location factors is higher in the south and lower in the north; the comprehensive resistance is in the middle and the north is lower; the south is higher. The areas with higher nodularity index are mainly distributed in the central and northern parts, such as Hengshan Village, Yingshan Village and Xiatang Village; the areas with higher field strength are mainly distributed in the northern towns, such as Dapu Village and Sheshu Village; Based on the integration of the above research results, the rural residential areas in Binjiang Town are divided into urban expansion type, rapid development type, control development type and migration combination type, with areas of 1.15, 4.94, 0.56 and 0.79 km~2, respectively. According to the characteristics of different types of rural settlements, different layout optimization strategies and development suggestions are proposed. Urban expansion rural settlements can improve the infrastructure conditions and achieve the healthy development of urbanization by formulating corresponding support policies; rapid development rural residents need to be differentiated. For rural residential areas with urbanization potential, they should support their development while preventing the disorderly expansion of cities and towns. For more remote rural residential areas, they need to pay attention to their development coordination; Rural residential areas should pay attention to the protection of the environment, improve the rural landscape and living environment, and orderly exit the abandoned residential sites; migration and merged rural residential areas can be transferred to areas with convenient transportation and good economies of scale. It can save land resources and protect the ecological environment. Areas with better development conditions can carry out investment promotion and industrial upgrading, attract nearby labor, and avoid the phenomenon of "hollowing". Under the background of "Rural the Countryside" strategy, the layout problem of rural residential areas has become an inevitable and necessary problem in the construction of new rural areas. Reasonable optimization of layout can provide farmers with various conveniences and guarantee rural social and economic development. While protecting the rural ecological environment, this study can provide reference for the optimization of the layout of rural residential areas.
引文
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[2]Hosseini S B,Faizi M,Norouzian-Maleki S,et al.Impact evaluation of rural development plans for renovating and retrofitting of rural settlements[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,73(7):3033-3042.
[3]Ma Wenqiu,Jiang Guanghui,Wang Deqi,et al.Rural settlements transition(RST)in a suburban area of metropolis:Internal structure perspectives[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,615:672-680.
[4]冯应斌,杨庆媛.农村居民点空间格局演变及效应研究评述[J].人文地理,2015,30(3):7-11.Feng Yingbin,Yang Qingyuan.Research on evolution and its effects of rural residential land'spatial pattern[J].Human Geography,2015,30(3):7-11.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]陈伟强,刘耀林,银超慧,等.基于迭代评价法的农村居民点优化布局与整治策略[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(17):255-263.Chen Weiqiang,Liu Yaolin,Yin Chaohui,et al.Layout optimization for rural settlements based on iterative evaluation method and its remediation strategies[J].Transaction of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(17):255-263.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]叶艳妹,张晓滨,林琼,等.基于加权集覆盖模型的农村居民点空间布局优化:以流泗镇为例[J].经济地理,2017,37(5):140-148.Ye Yanmei,Zhang Xiaobin,Lin Qiong,et al.A weighted set covering problem model for optimal spatial layout of rural settlements:A case of Liusi town[J].Economic Geography,2017,37(5):140-148.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]谢作轮,赵锐锋,姜朋辉,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区农村居民点空间重构:以榆中县为例[J].地理研究,2014,33(5):937-947.Xie Zuolun,Zhao Ruifeng,Jiang Penghui,et al.The rural residential space reconstruction in loess hilly regions:A case study of Yuzhong county in Lanzhou[J].Geographical Research,2014,33(5):937-947.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]李卫民,李同昇,武鹏.基于引力模型与加权Voronoi图的农村居民点布局优化:以西安市相桥街道为例[J].中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(1):77-82.Li Weimin,Li Tongsheng,Wu Peng.Layout optimization of rural settlements based on gravity model and weighted voronoi diagram:A case of Xiangqiao subdistrict[J].Chinese Jounrnal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2018,39(1):77-82.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]文博,刘友兆,夏敏.基于景观安全格局的农村居民点用地布局优化[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(8):181-191.Wen Bo,Liu Youzhao,Xia Min.Layout optimization of rural residential land based on theory of landscape security pattern[J].Transaction of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2014,30(8):181-191.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]邵新娟,张永福,陈文倩,等.基于最小累计阻力的农村居民点整治优化研究[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(3):309-313.Shao Xinjuan,Zhang Yongfu,Chen Wenqian,et al.Research for regulation optimization of rural residential areas based on the model of least resistance[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(3):309-313.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]吴春华,胡远满,黄培泉,等.基于最小阻力模型阜新市城市及农村居民点适宜性评价研究[J].资源科学,2013,35(12):2405-2411.Wu Chunhua,Hu Yuanman,Huang Peiquan,et al.Suitability evaluation of cities and rural settlements in Fuxin based on the model of least resistance[J].Resources Science,2013,35(12):2405-2411.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]周锐,王新军,苏海龙,等.平顶山新区生态用地的识别与安全格局构建[J].生态学报,2015,35(6):2003-2012.Zhou Rui,Wang Xinjun,Su Longhai,et al.Identification and security pattern of ecological land in Pingdingshan newly developed area[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(6):2003-2012.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]程迎轩,王红梅,刘光盛,等.基于最小累计阻力模型的生态用地空间布局优化[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(16):248-257.Cheng Yingxuan,Wang Hongmei,Liu Guangsheng,et al.Spatial layout optimization for ecological land based on minimum cumulative resistance model[J].Transaction of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(16):248-257.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]谢保鹏,朱道林,陈英,等.基于区位条件分析的农村居民点整理模式选择[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(1):219-227.Xie Baopeng,Zhu Daolin,Chen Ying,et al.Mode selection for rural residential land consolidation based on analysis of location condition[J].Transaction of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2014,30(1):219-227.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]张颖,徐辉.基于MCR模型的农村居民点布局适宜性分区及优化模式研究:以南京市六合区金牛湖街道为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(11):1485-1492.Zhang Ying,Xu Hui.Research on suitability subareas of rural residential distribution based on MCR model and optimization model:A case study of Jinniuhu street in Nanjing,Liuhe district[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2014,23(11):1485-1492.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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