基于可持续生计分析框架的山区县域脱贫稳定性评价
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摘要
脱贫稳定性研究可为增强扶贫成效的可持续性与扶贫政策的针对性提供重要的理论依据。该文以湖南省山区贫困县安化县为案例地,基于可持续生计视角界定了"脱贫稳定性"的概念,从自然、经济、能力和生活条件4个维度构建脱贫稳定性评价指标体系,运用模糊计算方法划分农户脱贫稳定性等级,并进一步揭示脱贫稳定性的空间分布特征、影响因素及作用机理,提出提高脱贫稳定性的科学路径。结果表明:1)坡度和收入水平指标的权重分别为24.88%和14.61%,是影响安化县脱贫稳定性的主导因素,而义务教育保障和营养状况指标权重分别为13.60%和10.91%,故发展能力不足是脱贫不稳的根本原因;2)安化县脱贫稳定性整体较好,脱贫较不稳定的农户主要集中分布在高山陡坡地区,脱贫稳定性与地理环境密切相关;3)提高脱贫稳定性的建议包括:依托自然资源优势发展特色产业,进一步改善区域性基础设施条件,进一步提升乡村公共服务设施水平,进一步提高农村居民的知识和技能水平,结合易地扶贫搬迁、空心村整治等优化乡村聚落布局。
Poverty alleviation is still remaining as the greatest challenge in the modern economic development. The heaviest part of building well-off society lies in the rural construction, especially in the poverty area. The difficulty of tackling poverty is to get rid of poverty and stabilize poverty alleviation. The research on the stability of poverty alleviation can provide important theoretical basis for enhancing the sustainability of poverty alleviation results and the pertinence of poverty alleviation policies. Based on the perspective of sustainable livelihood, the paper defined concept of "poverty alleviation stability", took Anhua County in mountainous areas of Hunan Province as an example, constructed the evaluation index system of poverty alleviation stability from four dimensions of nature, economy, ability and living conditions, classified the stability grade of farmer household by using fuzzy calculation method, and further revealed the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of poverty eradication stability. At last, a scientific path to improve poverty alleviation stability was explored from the perspective of economic transformation in poor areas. The results show that: 1) Slope and income level are the main factors that affect the stability of poverty alleviation in Anhua County, while the lack of development ability is the fundamental reason for the instability of poverty alleviation. Anhua County is a typical poverty-stricken county in mountainous area, and an in-depth analysis of Anhua County poverty alleviation stability was conducted for finding the leading factors of poverty alleviation, so as to provide reference for enhanceing the ability of farmers to get rid of poverty and achieveing stable poverty alleviation of poor farmers in mountainous areas. The index weights of slope and income stability are 24.88% and 14.61% respectively, which are the main factors affecting the stability of poverty alleviation in Anhua County. The index weights of education guarantee and nutrition status are 13.60% and 10.91% respectively, which are the secondary important factors affecting the stability of poverty alleviation. 2) The stability of poverty eradication in Anhua County is overall good. The farmer households with less stable poverty alleviation are mainly distributed in the high mountain and steep slope areas, and the poverty alleviation stability is closely related to the geographical environment. In terms of spatial position, the concentrated distribution areas of relatively less stable poverty alleviation are coincide with several important ecological function areas. Poverty alleviation should be combined with the construction of ecological function areas. In terms of vertical zonation of spatial distribution, the farmer household of less stable poverty alleviation concentrated in the high mountains and steep slope areas. However, the stability of poverty alleviation index of farmer households in intermountain valleys is generally high, which indicates that the stability of poverty alleviation is closely related to the geographical environment. 3) This study is mainly aimed at poverty alleviation in poor counties in mountainous areas. The main proposals to enhance the stability of poverty alleviation includes: relying on the advantages of natural resources to develop characteristic industries, stimulating the regional endogenous development momentum; further improving regional infrastructure conditions, the level of rural public service facilities, the livelihoods of rural households out of poverty, the level of knowledge and skills of rural residents. And the improving of the rural population quality is the key to cultivate long-term ability to become rich, optimize the layout of rural settlements in combination with the relocation of poverty alleviation and the renovation of "hollow villages".
Poverty alleviation is still remaining as the greatest challenge in the modern economic development. The heaviest part of building well-off society lies in the rural construction, especially in the poverty area. The difficulty of tackling poverty is to get rid of poverty and stabilize poverty alleviation. The research on the stability of poverty alleviation can provide important theoretical basis for enhancing the sustainability of poverty alleviation results and the pertinence of poverty alleviation policies. Based on the perspective of sustainable livelihood, the paper defined concept of "poverty alleviation stability", took Anhua County in mountainous areas of Hunan Province as an example, constructed the evaluation index system of poverty alleviation stability from four dimensions of nature, economy, ability and living conditions, classified the stability grade of farmer household by using fuzzy calculation method, and further revealed the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of poverty eradication stability. At last, a scientific path to improve poverty alleviation stability was explored from the perspective of economic transformation in poor areas. The results show that: 1) Slope and income level are the main factors that affect the stability of poverty alleviation in Anhua County, while the lack of development ability is the fundamental reason for the instability of poverty alleviation. Anhua County is a typical poverty-stricken county in mountainous area, and an in-depth analysis of Anhua County poverty alleviation stability was conducted for finding the leading factors of poverty alleviation, so as to provide reference for enhanceing the ability of farmers to get rid of poverty and achieveing stable poverty alleviation of poor farmers in mountainous areas. The index weights of slope and income stability are 24.88% and 14.61% respectively, which are the main factors affecting the stability of poverty alleviation in Anhua County. The index weights of education guarantee and nutrition status are 13.60% and 10.91% respectively, which are the secondary important factors affecting the stability of poverty alleviation. 2) The stability of poverty eradication in Anhua County is overall good. The farmer households with less stable poverty alleviation are mainly distributed in the high mountain and steep slope areas, and the poverty alleviation stability is closely related to the geographical environment. In terms of spatial position, the concentrated distribution areas of relatively less stable poverty alleviation are coincide with several important ecological function areas. Poverty alleviation should be combined with the construction of ecological function areas. In terms of vertical zonation of spatial distribution, the farmer household of less stable poverty alleviation concentrated in the high mountains and steep slope areas. However, the stability of poverty alleviation index of farmer households in intermountain valleys is generally high, which indicates that the stability of poverty alleviation is closely related to the geographical environment. 3) This study is mainly aimed at poverty alleviation in poor counties in mountainous areas. The main proposals to enhance the stability of poverty alleviation includes: relying on the advantages of natural resources to develop characteristic industries, stimulating the regional endogenous development momentum; further improving regional infrastructure conditions, the level of rural public service facilities, the livelihoods of rural households out of poverty, the level of knowledge and skills of rural residents. And the improving of the rural population quality is the key to cultivate long-term ability to become rich, optimize the layout of rural settlements in combination with the relocation of poverty alleviation and the renovation of "hollow villages".
引文
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[10]蔡进,廖和平,邱道持,等.重庆市农村耕地资源贫困测度及空间格局研究[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(18):251-259.Cai Jin,Liao Heping,Qiu Daochi,et al.Study on poverty measure of farmland resources and spatial pattern in Chongqing[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(18):251-259.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]刘小鹏,李永红,王亚娟,等.县域空间贫困的地理识别研究:以宁夏泾源县为例[J].地理学报,2017,72(3):545-557.Liu Xiaopeng,Li Yonghong,Wang Yajuan,et al.Geographical identification of spatial poverty at county scale:A study case on Jingyuan county[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(3):545-557.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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