一种均匀黏性土黏聚力计算方法
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摘要
黏聚力是黏性土的重要力学性能参数,土的密度、孔隙比是影响黏聚力的重要因素,但密度、孔隙比变化时土的黏聚力难以估算。作者依据固体颗粒分子吸引力理论,研究了均匀黏性土黏聚力随孔隙比及干密度的变化规律。以颗粒均匀的黏性土为研究对象,将土体简化为由土颗粒与粒间孔隙2个部分、依靠土颗粒间吸引力连接而成的整体,将黏聚力简化为单位面积上土颗粒间吸引力的合力;基于此,提出均匀黏性土孔隙结构模型,推导了土颗粒净距与土体孔隙比的函数关系,分析了土颗粒净距随孔隙比的变化规律。根据Lifshitz固体颗粒分子吸引力理论,建立了均匀黏性土黏聚力与干密度、孔隙比之间的函数关系,据此提出一种考虑密度、孔隙比变化的均匀黏性土黏聚力计算方法。通过均匀细粒土的直剪试验测得了不同含水量下的黏聚力,将理论计算结果与直剪试验结果相对比,验证了所提黏聚力计算方法的合理性。结果表明:均匀黏性土颗粒净距与孔隙比正相关,但随孔隙比增大,其对土颗粒净距的影响逐渐减小;黏聚力与干密度正相关,与孔隙比负相关,且随干密度的增大,其对黏聚力的影响更加显著。
Cohesive force is an important mechanical parameter of cohesive soil, and the density and void ratio of soil are important factors affecting its cohesion, but the cohesion force of cohesive soil is difficult to estimate, while its density and void ratio have changed. With the theory of molecular attractive forces between solids, the functional relationship between soil cohesion and its dry density or void ration was analyzed. To establish the conceptual model of pore structure in cohesion soil, the uniform cohesive soil was simplified into a combination of soil particles and pores, in which the soil particles are connected into a whole by molecular attractive forces, and the soil cohesion was simplified into the resultant force of molecular attractive forces per unit area. On the base of the conceptual model, the relationship between soil particle spacing and soil void ratio was built, and the influence of void ratio on soil particle spacing was analyzed. According to the theory of molecular attractive forces between solids established by Lifshitz, the functional relationship between soil cohesion and its dry density or void ration was established, and a mathematic method for calculating the cohesive force of uniform soil was derived. The calculation results of the cohesive force were compared with that of the direct shear test, and the rationality of the proposed method was verified. The results showed that, the soil particle spacing is positively correlated to void ratio, as the void ratio increasing, its influence on soil particle spacing gradually decreases. The cohesion force of uniform soil is positively correlated to dry density, and negatively correlated to void ratio. At the same time, the effect of dry density on cohesive force is more significant with its increase.
Cohesive force is an important mechanical parameter of cohesive soil, and the density and void ratio of soil are important factors affecting its cohesion, but the cohesion force of cohesive soil is difficult to estimate, while its density and void ratio have changed. With the theory of molecular attractive forces between solids, the functional relationship between soil cohesion and its dry density or void ration was analyzed. To establish the conceptual model of pore structure in cohesion soil, the uniform cohesive soil was simplified into a combination of soil particles and pores, in which the soil particles are connected into a whole by molecular attractive forces, and the soil cohesion was simplified into the resultant force of molecular attractive forces per unit area. On the base of the conceptual model, the relationship between soil particle spacing and soil void ratio was built, and the influence of void ratio on soil particle spacing was analyzed. According to the theory of molecular attractive forces between solids established by Lifshitz, the functional relationship between soil cohesion and its dry density or void ration was established, and a mathematic method for calculating the cohesive force of uniform soil was derived. The calculation results of the cohesive force were compared with that of the direct shear test, and the rationality of the proposed method was verified. The results showed that, the soil particle spacing is positively correlated to void ratio, as the void ratio increasing, its influence on soil particle spacing gradually decreases. The cohesion force of uniform soil is positively correlated to dry density, and negatively correlated to void ratio. At the same time, the effect of dry density on cohesive force is more significant with its increase.
引文
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[23]Zou Zongxing,Tang Huiming,Liu Xiao,et al.Quantitative study of structural plane direct shear test results influenced by sample preparation errors[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanical and Engineering,2010,29(8):1664-1669.[邹宗兴,唐辉明,刘晓,等.制样误差对结构面直剪试验结果影响定量研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(8):1664-1669.]
[24]Zhang Pengcheng,Tang Liansheng,Jiang Liqun,et al.Research of quantitative relations of matric suction with water content and dry density[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanical and Engineering,2013,31(Supp 1):2792-2797.[张鹏程,汤连生,姜力群,等.基质吸力与含水量及干密度定量关系研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,31(增1):2792-2797.]
[25]Patil U D,Puppala A J,Hoyos L R,et al.Modeling criticalstate shear strength behavior of compacted silty sand via suction-controlled triaxialtesting[J].Engineering Geology,2017,231:21-33.
[2]Liang Shihua,Ying Hongwei,Xie Kanghe,et al.Analysis of the pseudo-cohesion for the soil-nailed retaining structure[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science),2003,37(3):64-68.[梁仕华,应宏伟,谢康和,等.土钉支护结构似黏聚力分析[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2003,37(3):64-68.]
[3]Wang Dingjian,Tang Huiming,Li Changdong,et al.Stability analysis of colluvial landslide due to heavy rainfall[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(2):439-445.[汪丁建,唐辉明,李长冬,等.强降雨作用下堆积层滑坡稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2016,37(2):439-445.]
[4]Khezri N,Mohamad H,Hajihassani M,et al.The stability of shallow circular tunnels in soil considering variations in cohesion with depth[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2015,49:230-240.
[5]Ma Zongyuan,Xu Qingqing,Dang Faning.Numerical study of dynamic compacted for gravel foundation using particle flow method[J].Engineering Mechanics,2012,30(6):184-190.[马宗源,徐清清,党发宁.碎石土地基动力夯实的颗粒流离散元数值分析[J].工程力学,2012,30(6):184-190.]
[6]Zhou X P,Cheng H.The long-term stability analysis of 3Dcreeping slopes using the displacement-based rigorous limit equilibrium method[J].Engineering Geology,2015,195:292-300.
[7]Di Traglia F,Nolesini T,Ciampalini A,et al.Tracking morphological changes and slope instability using spaceborne and ground-based SAR data[J].Geomorphology,2018,300:95-112.
[8]Gan Penglu.Research on the rules and prediction of ground deformation induced by tunneling and shallow tunneling method under water-rich soft stradium[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2016.[甘鹏路.富水软弱地层浅埋暗挖隧道地层变形规律及预测研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.]
[9]Li Hongzeng.Study and application of electrical-logging vane shear test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanical and Engineering,2004,23(Supp 1):4446-4449.[李洪增.电测式十字板剪切试验的研究与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(增1):4446-4449.]
[10]Lu Li,Wang Huafei,Hu Daiwen.Influence of moisture content and grain composition on shear strength of slightly dense gravel soil and bearing capacity of foundation[J].Journal of Civil Architectural&Environmental Engineering,2017,39(3):138-144.[卢黎,王华飞,胡岱文.含水率和颗粒级配对稍密碎石土抗剪性能及地基承载力的影响[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2017,39(3):138-144.]
[11]Jiang Jingshan,Liu Hanlong,Cheng Zhanlin,et al.Influence of density and confining pressure on mechanical properties of coarse-grained soils[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2009,26(8):46-50.[姜景山,刘汉龙,程展林,等.密度和围压对粗粒土力学性质的影响[J].长江科学院院报,2009,26(8):46-50.]
[12]Huang Da,Zeng Bin,Wang Qingle.Study on probabilistic relation between permeability coefficient and void ratio and grain composition of coarse-grained soils using Copula theory[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2015,46(8):900-907.[黄达,曾彬,王庆乐.粗粒土孔隙比及级配参数与渗透系数概率的相关性研究[J].水利学报,2015,46(8):900-907.]
[13]Chang W J,Phantachang T.Effects of gravel content on shear resistance of gravelly soils[J].Engineering Geology,2016,207:78-90.
[14]Hamidi A,Azini E,Masoudi B.Impact of gradation on the shear strength-dilation behavior of well graded sand-gravel mixtures[J].ScientiaIranica,2012,19(3):393-402.
[15]Zhang Zhifeng,Hao Fei,Shen Jianjun,et al.Test on mechanic properties of graded soil[J].Journal of Chang’an University(Natural Science Edition),2009,29(4):16-19.[张志峰,郝飞,沈建军,等.级配土的力学性能试验[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2009,29(4):16-19.]
[16]亚当森A W.表面的物理化学[M].顾惕人,译.北京:科学出版社,1984.
[17]Cheng Changbing,Liu Shaojun,Wang Yuanfa,et al.Microscopic study on cohesion of a cemented soil[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanical and Engineering,1999,18(3):322 -326.[程昌炳,刘少军,王远发,等.胶结土的凝聚力的微观研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(3):322-326.]
[18]Yao Hailin,Liu Shaojun,Cheng Changbing.Scopic essence of cohesion of a natural cemented soil[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanical and Engineering,2001,20(6):871-874.[姚海林,刘少军,程昌炳.一种天然胶结土黏聚力的微观本质[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(6):871-874.]
[19]Lifshitz E M.The theory of molecular attractive forces between solids[J].Soviet Physics,1956,2(1):73-83.
[20]中华人民共和国建设部.土工试验方法标注:GB/T 50123-1999[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1999.
[21]Mo Linli,Zhao Xiushao,Wang Xu,et al.Data processing method of direct shear test based on Excel[J].Railway Engineering,2015(9):102-105.[莫林利,赵秀绍,王旭,等.基于Excel的直剪试验数据处理方法[J].铁道建筑,2015(9):102-105.]
[22]Han Jiayong.Discussion on error of parameters in direct shear test[J].Dam Observation and Geotechnical Tests,2001,25(2):43-44.[韩佳泳.直剪试验中参数误差原因探讨[J].大坝观测与土工测试,2001,25(2):43-44.]
[23]Zou Zongxing,Tang Huiming,Liu Xiao,et al.Quantitative study of structural plane direct shear test results influenced by sample preparation errors[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanical and Engineering,2010,29(8):1664-1669.[邹宗兴,唐辉明,刘晓,等.制样误差对结构面直剪试验结果影响定量研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(8):1664-1669.]
[24]Zhang Pengcheng,Tang Liansheng,Jiang Liqun,et al.Research of quantitative relations of matric suction with water content and dry density[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanical and Engineering,2013,31(Supp 1):2792-2797.[张鹏程,汤连生,姜力群,等.基质吸力与含水量及干密度定量关系研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,31(增1):2792-2797.]
[25]Patil U D,Puppala A J,Hoyos L R,et al.Modeling criticalstate shear strength behavior of compacted silty sand via suction-controlled triaxialtesting[J].Engineering Geology,2017,231:21-33.
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