柑桔修剪废弃物的堆肥基质化特性分析
|
摘要
为促进柑桔修剪废弃物的资源化利用,按柑桔枝叶废弃物(粉碎为2cm左右,含水率61.92%)565kg+菜籽饼16kg+尿素(含氮量46%)4kg+过磷酸钙(P2O5≥18%)45kg充分混匀,调节含水率至60%左右,8月上旬至9月上旬(共35d)于室外进行条垛式覆膜堆肥处理,测定发酵过程中各时期的理化特性。结果表明,夏季覆膜堆肥升温快、高温保持时间长,第1天堆体温度即上升至56.46℃,日均温50℃以上达33d,日均温60℃以上持续18d,最高温达71.6℃。堆肥结束时,pH值为8.27,电导率为1.90mS/cm,E4/E6为2.3,碳氮比为16.36,种子发芽指数为102.69,氮、磷和钾含量分别为2.44%、1.49%和1.96%,铵态氮和硝态氮分别为9.50和0.06g/kg,铁、铜和锌含量分别为3 200.15、149.85和561.45mg/kg,容重和总孔隙度处于理想基质范围,持水孔隙度、通气孔隙度和气水比偏高。柑桔修剪废弃物经过堆肥处理,养分丰富,通过调节pH值和添加气水比较低的物料可用作植物栽培基质。
引文
[1]沈兆敏.我国柑桔十二五生产现状和十三五生产发展趋势及对策[J].科学种养,2016(12):5-8
[2]中华人民共和国农业部.中国农业统计资料2010[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2011
[3]刘丽丽,李建辉,陈骏,等.不同果树修剪枝条主要营养成分分析[J].浙江柑桔,2017,34(3):20-22
[4]高新昊,刘兆辉,张志斌,等.不同腐熟程度麦秸堆肥在温室番茄栽培中应用效果研究[J].土壤,2009(2):253-257
[5]JIAN-HUA Z,GUANG-MING T,ZHOU G,et al.Evaluation of organic solid wastes composts as peat substitutes for seedling production[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2013,36(11):1780-1794
[6]杨岩.蔬菜废弃物堆肥和原位还田研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2015
[7]胡亚利,孙向阳,龚小强,等.混合改良剂改善园林废弃物堆肥基质品质提高育苗效果[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(18):198-204
[8]徐福银,包兵,胡艳燕,等.生活污泥堆肥在柑桔容器育苗上的应用[J].中国南方果树,2014,43(2):44-45
[9]罗一鸣,李国学,SCHUCHARDT FRANK,等.过磷酸钙添加剂对猪粪堆肥温室气体和氨气减排的作用[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(22):235-242
[10]段旭光,曾雷,付美云,等.红外光谱对有机废弃物堆肥的监测研究[J].湖南农业科学,2009(5):74-76
[11]ZHANG J,LF,SHAO L,et al.The use of biochar-amended composting to improve the humification and degradation of sewage sludge[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,168:252-258
[12]罗渊,袁京,李国学,等.种子发芽试验在低碳氮比堆肥腐熟度评价方面的适用性[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(1):179-185
[13]杨剑虹,王成林,代亨林.土壤农化分析与环境监测[M].北京:中国大地出版社,2008
[14]TAM S M T N.Elimination of phytotoxicity during co-composting of spent pig-manure sawdust litter and pig sludge[J].Bioresource Technology,1998
[15]李长林,杨守坤,金莉,等.柑桔容器育苗基质配方筛选试验研究[J].湖北林业科技,2010(6):17-18
[16]薛智勇,陈昆柏,郭春霞.农业固体废物处理与处置[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,2016
[17]曾光明,黄国和,袁兴中.堆肥环境生物与控制[M].北京:科学出版社,2006
[18]MIYATAKE F,IWABUCHI K.Effect of high compost temperature on enzymatic activity and species diversity of culturable bacteria in cattle manure compost[J].Bioresource Technology,2005,96(16):1821-1825
[19]BRITO L M,COUTINHO J,SMITH S R.Methods to improve the composting process of the solid fraction of dairy cattle slurry[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(18):8955-8960
[20]黄国锋,钟流举,张振钿,等.有机固体废弃物堆肥的物质变化及腐熟度评价[J].应用生态学报,2003(5):813-818
[21]王引权,FRANK SCHUCHARDT,张仁陟,等.葡萄枝条堆肥化过程中的生物化学变化和物质转化特征[J].果树学报,2005(2):115-120
[22]李国学,张福锁.固体废物堆肥化与有机复混肥生产[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000
[23]谷洁,李生秀,秦清军,等.微生物及胡敏酸E4/E6值在农业废弃物静态高温腐解中的变化[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(12):98-102
[24]于鑫.北京市园林绿化废弃物再利用调查及堆肥实验研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2010
[25]MATHUR S P,DINEL H,OWEN G,et al.Determination of Compost Biomaturity.II.Optical Density of Water Extracts of Composts as a Reflection of their Maturity[J].Biological Agriculture&Horticulture,1993,10(2):87-108
[26]张婷婷,孙向阳,李雪珂,等.添加糠醛渣对园林绿化废弃物堆肥处理效果的研究[J].中国农学通报,2012(16):305-309
[27]ZUCCONI F,PERA A,FORTE M,et al.Evaluating Toxicity of Immature Compost[J].Biocycle,1981,22(2):54-57
[28]王引权.葡萄冬剪枝条高温堆制化机理研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2005
[29]黄懿梅,苟春林,梁军峰.两种添加剂对牛粪秸秆堆肥化中氮素损失的控制效果探讨[J].农业环境科学学报,2008(3):1219-1225
[30]吴娟.过磷酸钙对猪粪堆肥碳、氮转化及减缓有机质降解技术机制研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017
[31]TORKASHVAND A M.Improvement of compost quality by addition of some amendments[J].Australian Journal of Crop Science,2010,4(4):252-257
[32]宋彩红,贾璇,李鸣晓,等.沼渣与畜禽粪便混合堆肥发酵效果的综合评价[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(24):227-234
[33]程文静.椰子废弃物与畜禽粪便混合堆肥研究[D].海口:海南大学,2012
[34]郑国砥,陈同斌,高定,等.好氧高温堆肥处理对猪粪中重金属形态的影响[J].中国环境科学,2005,25(1):7-10
[35]HAROUN M,IDRIS A,OMAR S.Analysis of heavy metals during composting of the tannery sludge using physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques.[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,165(1):111-119
[36]TAYLOR M D,KREIS R,REJTO L.Establishing Growing Substrate pH with Compost and Limestone and the Impact on pH Buffering Capacity[J].Hortscience A Publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science,2016,51(9):1153-1158
[37]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000
[38]王浩.园林绿化废弃物堆肥制备屋顶绿化栽培基质技术初步研究[D].杭州:杭州师范大学,2015
[39]ABAD M,FORNES F,CARRION C,et al.Physical properties of various coconut coir dusts compared to peat[J].Hortscience,2005,40(7):2138-2144
[40]HANAN J J,OLYMPIOS C,PITTAS C.Bulk density,porosity,percolation and salinity control in shallow,freely draining,potting soils.[J].Journal American Society for Horticultural Science,1981,106(6):742-746
[41]HICKLENTON P R,RODD V,WARMAN P R.The effectiveness and consistency of source-separated municipal solid waste and bark composts as components of container growing media[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2001,91(3):365-378
[42]庄伊美,江由.柑桔营养与施肥[M].福州:福建科学技术出版社,1982
[2]中华人民共和国农业部.中国农业统计资料2010[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2011
[3]刘丽丽,李建辉,陈骏,等.不同果树修剪枝条主要营养成分分析[J].浙江柑桔,2017,34(3):20-22
[4]高新昊,刘兆辉,张志斌,等.不同腐熟程度麦秸堆肥在温室番茄栽培中应用效果研究[J].土壤,2009(2):253-257
[5]JIAN-HUA Z,GUANG-MING T,ZHOU G,et al.Evaluation of organic solid wastes composts as peat substitutes for seedling production[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2013,36(11):1780-1794
[6]杨岩.蔬菜废弃物堆肥和原位还田研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2015
[7]胡亚利,孙向阳,龚小强,等.混合改良剂改善园林废弃物堆肥基质品质提高育苗效果[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(18):198-204
[8]徐福银,包兵,胡艳燕,等.生活污泥堆肥在柑桔容器育苗上的应用[J].中国南方果树,2014,43(2):44-45
[9]罗一鸣,李国学,SCHUCHARDT FRANK,等.过磷酸钙添加剂对猪粪堆肥温室气体和氨气减排的作用[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(22):235-242
[10]段旭光,曾雷,付美云,等.红外光谱对有机废弃物堆肥的监测研究[J].湖南农业科学,2009(5):74-76
[11]ZHANG J,LF,SHAO L,et al.The use of biochar-amended composting to improve the humification and degradation of sewage sludge[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,168:252-258
[12]罗渊,袁京,李国学,等.种子发芽试验在低碳氮比堆肥腐熟度评价方面的适用性[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(1):179-185
[13]杨剑虹,王成林,代亨林.土壤农化分析与环境监测[M].北京:中国大地出版社,2008
[14]TAM S M T N.Elimination of phytotoxicity during co-composting of spent pig-manure sawdust litter and pig sludge[J].Bioresource Technology,1998
[15]李长林,杨守坤,金莉,等.柑桔容器育苗基质配方筛选试验研究[J].湖北林业科技,2010(6):17-18
[16]薛智勇,陈昆柏,郭春霞.农业固体废物处理与处置[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,2016
[17]曾光明,黄国和,袁兴中.堆肥环境生物与控制[M].北京:科学出版社,2006
[18]MIYATAKE F,IWABUCHI K.Effect of high compost temperature on enzymatic activity and species diversity of culturable bacteria in cattle manure compost[J].Bioresource Technology,2005,96(16):1821-1825
[19]BRITO L M,COUTINHO J,SMITH S R.Methods to improve the composting process of the solid fraction of dairy cattle slurry[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(18):8955-8960
[20]黄国锋,钟流举,张振钿,等.有机固体废弃物堆肥的物质变化及腐熟度评价[J].应用生态学报,2003(5):813-818
[21]王引权,FRANK SCHUCHARDT,张仁陟,等.葡萄枝条堆肥化过程中的生物化学变化和物质转化特征[J].果树学报,2005(2):115-120
[22]李国学,张福锁.固体废物堆肥化与有机复混肥生产[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000
[23]谷洁,李生秀,秦清军,等.微生物及胡敏酸E4/E6值在农业废弃物静态高温腐解中的变化[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(12):98-102
[24]于鑫.北京市园林绿化废弃物再利用调查及堆肥实验研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2010
[25]MATHUR S P,DINEL H,OWEN G,et al.Determination of Compost Biomaturity.II.Optical Density of Water Extracts of Composts as a Reflection of their Maturity[J].Biological Agriculture&Horticulture,1993,10(2):87-108
[26]张婷婷,孙向阳,李雪珂,等.添加糠醛渣对园林绿化废弃物堆肥处理效果的研究[J].中国农学通报,2012(16):305-309
[27]ZUCCONI F,PERA A,FORTE M,et al.Evaluating Toxicity of Immature Compost[J].Biocycle,1981,22(2):54-57
[28]王引权.葡萄冬剪枝条高温堆制化机理研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2005
[29]黄懿梅,苟春林,梁军峰.两种添加剂对牛粪秸秆堆肥化中氮素损失的控制效果探讨[J].农业环境科学学报,2008(3):1219-1225
[30]吴娟.过磷酸钙对猪粪堆肥碳、氮转化及减缓有机质降解技术机制研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017
[31]TORKASHVAND A M.Improvement of compost quality by addition of some amendments[J].Australian Journal of Crop Science,2010,4(4):252-257
[32]宋彩红,贾璇,李鸣晓,等.沼渣与畜禽粪便混合堆肥发酵效果的综合评价[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(24):227-234
[33]程文静.椰子废弃物与畜禽粪便混合堆肥研究[D].海口:海南大学,2012
[34]郑国砥,陈同斌,高定,等.好氧高温堆肥处理对猪粪中重金属形态的影响[J].中国环境科学,2005,25(1):7-10
[35]HAROUN M,IDRIS A,OMAR S.Analysis of heavy metals during composting of the tannery sludge using physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques.[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,165(1):111-119
[36]TAYLOR M D,KREIS R,REJTO L.Establishing Growing Substrate pH with Compost and Limestone and the Impact on pH Buffering Capacity[J].Hortscience A Publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science,2016,51(9):1153-1158
[37]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000
[38]王浩.园林绿化废弃物堆肥制备屋顶绿化栽培基质技术初步研究[D].杭州:杭州师范大学,2015
[39]ABAD M,FORNES F,CARRION C,et al.Physical properties of various coconut coir dusts compared to peat[J].Hortscience,2005,40(7):2138-2144
[40]HANAN J J,OLYMPIOS C,PITTAS C.Bulk density,porosity,percolation and salinity control in shallow,freely draining,potting soils.[J].Journal American Society for Horticultural Science,1981,106(6):742-746
[41]HICKLENTON P R,RODD V,WARMAN P R.The effectiveness and consistency of source-separated municipal solid waste and bark composts as components of container growing media[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2001,91(3):365-378
[42]庄伊美,江由.柑桔营养与施肥[M].福州:福建科学技术出版社,1982
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |