我国土地复垦与生态修复30年:回顾、反思与展望
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摘要
在《土地复垦规定》颁布实施30周年之际,回顾了土地复垦与生态重建的相关政策法规文件、理论和技术成果、科研成果以及人才培养情况;重点阐述了对土地复垦有里程碑作用的法规,介绍了3个独特技术原理的研究进展,对监测诊断、采煤沉陷地治理、煤矸石山生态修复、露天矿复垦等方面的技术进行了述评,并从科技获奖、学术论文和研究生培养等方面给予了定量分析。从最基本的名词概念和发展历史阶段划分等基本问题的反思入手,重点对"谁破坏、谁复垦"的基本原则、复垦责任、复垦资金、复垦监管机制等土地复垦的政策与监管进行了反思,并分别对露天矿、沉陷地、煤矸石山等损毁土地复垦技术进行了反思。最后,对我国土地复垦与生态重建进行展望,认为未来研究的重点是:监测诊断技术、边采边复技术、高质量耕地复垦技术、系统的生态修复技术、关闭矿山的生态修复技术和生态修复监管技术。
With the Stipulation on Land Reclamation being issued for 30 years,the paper reviewed the related policies,regulations,and achievements on theory,technology and education in the field of land reclamation and ecological restoration.Some mile-stone regulations and three particular theory and principle on mined land reclantion were introduced.It reviewed the progress of some techniques,such as monitoring and diagnoses,subsidend land reclamation,ecological restoration of coal waste piles and surface mined land reclamation.Some quantitative data on scientific and technology awards,published papers and training students in the field of land reclamation in the passed thirty years were also introduced in this paper.Based on the rethinking of the conception of reclamation and historic phases of reclamation,some important issues on policies and supervision,such as principle,responsibility,funds,regulatory mechanisms of land reclamation were rethought in this paper.The proplems on current reclamation technology for surface and underground coal mines were presented.Finally,the paper prospected some important techniques,such as monitoring and diagnosing,current mining and reclamation,prime farmland reclamation,eco-system restoration,abandoned mined land reclamation and supervision and management.
With the Stipulation on Land Reclamation being issued for 30 years,the paper reviewed the related policies,regulations,and achievements on theory,technology and education in the field of land reclamation and ecological restoration.Some mile-stone regulations and three particular theory and principle on mined land reclantion were introduced.It reviewed the progress of some techniques,such as monitoring and diagnoses,subsidend land reclamation,ecological restoration of coal waste piles and surface mined land reclamation.Some quantitative data on scientific and technology awards,published papers and training students in the field of land reclamation in the passed thirty years were also introduced in this paper.Based on the rethinking of the conception of reclamation and historic phases of reclamation,some important issues on policies and supervision,such as principle,responsibility,funds,regulatory mechanisms of land reclamation were rethought in this paper.The proplems on current reclamation technology for surface and underground coal mines were presented.Finally,the paper prospected some important techniques,such as monitoring and diagnosing,current mining and reclamation,prime farmland reclamation,eco-system restoration,abandoned mined land reclamation and supervision and management.
引文
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[8]胡振琪,多玲花,王晓彤.采煤沉陷地夹层式充填复垦原理与方法[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(1):198-206.HU Zhenqi,DUO Linghua,WANG Xiaotong.Principle and method of reclaiming subsidence land with inter-layers of filling materals[J].Journal of China Coal Soceity,2018,43(1):198-206.
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[11]肖武,胡振琪,张建勇,等.无人机遥感在矿区监测与土地复垦中的应用前景[J].中国矿业,2017,26(6):71-78.XIAO Wu,HU Zhenqi,ZHANG Jianyong,et al. The status and prospect of UAV remote sensing in mine monitoring and land reclamation[J].China Mining Magazine,2017,26(6):71-78.
[12]范洪冬.矿区地表沉降监测的DInSAR信息提取方法[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2016.
[13] HU Zhenqi,XU Xianlei,ZHAO Yanling. Dynamic monitoring of land subsidence in mining area from multi-source remote-sensing data:a case study at Yanzhou,China[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing,2012,33(17):5528-5545.
[14] TIAN Feng,WANG Yunjia,FENSHOLT Rasmus,et al.Mapping and evaluation of NDVI trends from synthetic time series obtained by blending landsat and MODIS data around a coalfield on the loess plateau[J].Remote Sensing,2013,5(9):4255-4279.
[15]盛耀彬,汪云甲,束立勇.煤矸石山自燃深度测算方法研究与应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2008,37(4):545-549.SHENG Yaobin,WANG Yunjia,SHU Liyong. Investigation of a method for calculating the spontaneous combustion depth of a mine rock dump and its application[J]. Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2008,37(4):545-549.
[16]胡振琪,高杨,苏未曰,等.基于点火源模型反演测算煤矸石山着火点深度研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(1):134-137.HU Zhenqi,GAO Yang,SU Weiyue,et al.Study on inverting calculation of ignition point depth in coal waste pile based on ignition source model[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(1):134-137.
[17] LI Xiaojing,HU Zhenqi,LI Shuangcheng,et al. Anomalies of mountainous mining paddy in western China[J]. Soil&Tillage Research,2015,145:10-19.
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