2000-2015年中国干旱半干旱地区沙漠化进程驱动力研究
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摘要
中国干旱半干旱地区是连接中国与丝绸之路经济带沿线国家的重要纽带,严峻的土地沙漠化形势制约其可持续发展。研究沙漠化进程及驱动机制对防治沙漠化具有重要意义。基于2000年和2015年两期中国北方沙漠化土地、气象数据、人口、GDP、DEM、土壤类型数据,运用地理探测器方法研究了中国干旱半干旱地区沙漠化进程驱动力。结果表明,(1)2000-2015年,沙漠化面积减少了97 700 km~2,其中轻度、极重度沙漠化面积分别减少了62 000 km~2和130 600 km~2,而中度和重度沙漠化面积分别增加了21 500 km~2和73 400 km~2。整体上,沙漠化逆转面积为386 300 km~2,其中明显逆转239 000 km~2,不明显逆转147 300 km~2,而沙漠化发展面积为421 800 km~2,其中明显发展142 200 km~2,不明显发展279 600 km~2。(2)2000-2015年,沙漠化进程是自然和人为因素共同作用的结果,但以自然因素为主要驱动力,其中沙漠化对气候因素响应尤为敏感,而降水量对沙漠化进程影响最大,平均相对湿度的影响次之。(3)气候因素间的交互作用对沙漠化进程影响显著,而平均相对湿度、降水量、日照时数与其他气候因素的交互作用更明显。
The arid and semi-arid region of China is an important bond connecting China and the countries along the Silk Road economic belt, but severe situation of land desertification restricts the sustainable development in the region. It is of great significance to study the process and driving mechanism of desertification in order to prevent and control desertification. On the basis of the desertification in the northern part of China in 2000 and 2015, meteorological data, population, GDP, DEM and soil types, the paper studied on the driving factors in desertification process in arid and semi-arid region of China by geographical detectors method.Results were as follows:(1) From 2000 to 2015, desertification decreased by 97 700 km~2. Slight desertification and extremely severe desertification decreased by 62 000 km~2 and 130 600 km~2, respectively. Besides, moderate desertification and severe desertification increased by 21 500 km~2 and 73 400 km~2, respectively. Generally, the area of desertification reversal was 386 300 km~2, and the area where desertification obviously reversed was 239 000 km~2, and the area where desertification slightly reversed was 147 300 km~2. The area of desertification development was 421 800 km~2, and the area where desertification evidently developed was 142 200 km~2, and the area where desertification slightly developed was 279 600 km~2.(2) From 2000 to 2015, desertification process was a comprehensive result that was pushed by physical factors and human activity, but main driving forces were physical factors.Desertification was particularly sensitive to climatic factors, and precipitation had a greatest impact on desertification processes, and mean relative humidity merely had a less effect than precipitation. And(3) the interaction among climatic factors had an evident effect on the desertification process, and the interaction between mean relative humidity, precipitation, sunshine hours and other climatic factors was greater obvious.
The arid and semi-arid region of China is an important bond connecting China and the countries along the Silk Road economic belt, but severe situation of land desertification restricts the sustainable development in the region. It is of great significance to study the process and driving mechanism of desertification in order to prevent and control desertification. On the basis of the desertification in the northern part of China in 2000 and 2015, meteorological data, population, GDP, DEM and soil types, the paper studied on the driving factors in desertification process in arid and semi-arid region of China by geographical detectors method.Results were as follows:(1) From 2000 to 2015, desertification decreased by 97 700 km~2. Slight desertification and extremely severe desertification decreased by 62 000 km~2 and 130 600 km~2, respectively. Besides, moderate desertification and severe desertification increased by 21 500 km~2 and 73 400 km~2, respectively. Generally, the area of desertification reversal was 386 300 km~2, and the area where desertification obviously reversed was 239 000 km~2, and the area where desertification slightly reversed was 147 300 km~2. The area of desertification development was 421 800 km~2, and the area where desertification evidently developed was 142 200 km~2, and the area where desertification slightly developed was 279 600 km~2.(2) From 2000 to 2015, desertification process was a comprehensive result that was pushed by physical factors and human activity, but main driving forces were physical factors.Desertification was particularly sensitive to climatic factors, and precipitation had a greatest impact on desertification processes, and mean relative humidity merely had a less effect than precipitation. And(3) the interaction among climatic factors had an evident effect on the desertification process, and the interaction between mean relative humidity, precipitation, sunshine hours and other climatic factors was greater obvious.
引文
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柏菊,闫峰,2016.2001-2012年毛乌素沙地荒漠化过程及驱动力研究[J].南京师大学报(自然科学版),39(1):132-138.BAI J,YAN F,2016.Process of desertification and its driving forces in the Mu Us sandy land in 2001-2012[J].Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Natural Science Edition),39(1):132-138.
曹永强,张亮亮,袁立婷,2018.辽宁省植被生长季NDVI对气候因子的响应[J].植物学报,53(1):82-93.CAO Y Q,ZHANG L L,YUAN L T,2018.Correlation analysis of normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)and climatic factors in the vegetative growing season in Liaoning province[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,53(1):82-93.
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董玉祥,2001.我国半干旱地区现代沙漠化驱动因素的定量辩识[J].中国沙漠,21(4):97-102.DONG Y X,2001.Quantitative identification of driving factors of contemporary sandy desertification in semi-arid zone in China[J].Journal of Desert Research,21(4):97-102.
段翰晨,薛娴,2018.基于DEM的科尔沁沙地沙漠化土地时空分布特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,32(8):74-79.DUAN H C,XUE X,2018.Spatio-temporal distribution of aeolian desertification in Horqin sandy land based on DEM[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,32(8):74-79.
冯坤,颜长珍,谢家丽,等,2018.1975-2015年鄂尔多斯市沙漠化的时空演变过程[J].中国沙漠,38(2):233-242.FENG K,YAN C Z,XIE J L,et al.,2018.Spatial-temporal evolution of aeolian desertification process in Ordos city during 1975-2015[J].Journal of Desert Research,38(2):233-242.
胡光印,董治宝,逯军峰,等,2011.黄河源区1975-2005年沙漠化时空演变及其成因分析[J].中国沙漠,31(5):1079-1086.HU G Y,DONG Z B,LU J F,et al.,2011.Spatial and temporal changes of desertification land and its influence factors in source region of the Yellow River from 1975 to 2005[J].Journal of Desert Research,31(5):1079-1086.
胡梦珺,潘宁惠,李向锋,等,2016.1964-2014年玛曲高原土地沙漠化驱动力定量分析[J].水土保持通报,36(4):250-256.HU M J,PAN N H,LI X F,et al.,2016.Quantitative analysis of driving forces to land desertification in Maqu Plateau during1964-2014[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,36(4):250-256.
黄麟,祝萍,肖桐,等,2018.近35年三北防护林体系建设工程的防风固沙效应[J].地理科学,38(4):600-609.HUANG L,ZHU P,XIAO T,et al.,2018.The sand fixation effects of Three-North shelter forest program in recent 35 years[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,38(4):600-609.
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