不同肥料与AM真菌配施对沙打旺品质的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究不同肥料与AM真菌配施对沙打旺品质的影响。【方法】以沙打旺(Astragalus adsurgens Pall.)牧草为宿主植物,选用摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)作为AM真菌,并选用尿素、碳酸氢铵作为氮肥,磷酸一铵、过磷酸钙作为磷肥,氯化钾、硫酸钾作为钾肥,在施用以上肥料的基础上,分别设计接种AM真菌和不接种AM真菌2种处理,待植物生长6个月后,采集新鲜植株,测定全株的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分、钙、磷和粗纤维含量;之后利用灰色关联度分析方法,对不同处理沙打旺的以上6种营养指标进行综合分析,从中筛选出对牧草品质影响显著的AM真菌与肥料类型组合。【结果】施用尿素、碳酸氢铵、磷酸一铵、过磷酸钙、氯化钾和硫酸钾时,接种AM真菌对沙打旺粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分、钙、磷和粗纤维含量的影响有差异,其中粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量均以AM真菌与硫酸钾配施处理最高,分别为4.720,0.900 g/kg;灰分、钙含量以单施磷酸一铵处理最高,分别为10.060 g/kg和7 984 mg/kg;磷含量以AM真菌与碳酸氢铵配施处理最高,为861.9 mg/kg;粗纤维含量以单施氯化钾处理最高,为6.815%。灰色关联度分析结果显示,不同处理关联度由高到低的顺序为硫酸钾与AM真菌配施处理>单施磷酸一铵处理>单施过磷酸钙处理>过磷酸钙与AM真菌配施处理>碳酸氢铵与AM真菌配施处理>单施氯化钾处理>单施尿素处理>尿素与AM真菌配施处理>氯化钾与AM真菌配施处理>磷酸一铵与AM真菌配施处理>单施碳酸氢铵处理>单施硫酸钾处理,可知硫酸钾与AM真菌配施处理沙打旺的品质最好,单施硫酸钾的最差;磷酸一铵、过磷酸钙分别与AM真菌配施处理沙打旺品质均低于单施磷酸一铵、过磷酸钙处理,说明AM真菌抑制了2种磷肥的肥效。【结论】不同类型肥料与AM真菌配施对沙打旺牧草品质影响存在促生效应、抑制效应或中性效应,其中硫酸钾与AM真菌配施对改善沙打旺牧草品质具有良好的协同作用。
【Objective】 The effects of different fertilizers and AM fungi on plant quality of Astragalus adsurgens Pall.were studied.【Method】 This study used Astragalus adsurgens as host plant,Glomus mossease as AM fungi,CO(NH_2)_2 and NH_4HCO_3 as nitrogen fertilizer,NH_4H_2PO_4 and CaP_2H_4O_8 as phosphate fertilizer,as well as KCl and K_2SO_4 as potash fertilizers.Two treatments with and without inoculation of AM fungi were designed.Six months after growth,fresh plants were collected to measure crude protein,crude fat,ash,calcium,phosphorus,and crude fiber contents.The grey correlation analysis method was used to comprehensively analyze the six nutritional indicators of different treatments, and the combination of AM fungi and fertilizer with significant impact was determined.【Result】 The effects of AM fungi inoculation with CO(NH_2)_2,NH_4HCO_3,NH_4H_2PO_4,CaP_2H_4O_8,KCl,and K_2SO_4 on contents of crude protein,crude fat,ash,calcium,phosphorus and crude fiberb in forage grasses were different.The highest contents of crude fiber and crude protein were 4.720 and 0.900 g/kg with the combination of AM fungi and K_2SO_4.The highest ash and calcium contents were 10.060 g/kg and 7 984 mg/kg with NH_4H_2PO_4.The highest phosphorus content was 861.9 mg/kg with AM fungi and NH_4HCO_3,and the highest fiber content was 6.815% with single KCl treatment.Grey correlation analysis showed that the correlation was in the order of combined application of K_2SO_4 and AM fungi treatment>single application of NH_4H_2PO_4 treatment>single application of CaP_2H_4O_8 treatment>combined application of CaP_2H_4O_8 and AM fungi treatment>combined application of NH_4HCO_3 and AM fungi treatment>single application of KCl treatment>single application of CO(NH_2)_2 treatment>combined application of CO(NH_2)_2 and AM fungi treatment>combined application of KCl and AM fungi>combined application of NH_4H_2PO_4 and AM fungi treatment>single application of NH_4HCO_3 treatment>single application of K_2SO_4 treatment.The combination of K_2SO_4 and AM fungi treatment had the best quality of A.adsurgens,while single application of K_2SO_4 had the worst.The quality of A.adsurgens in applications of NH_4H_2PO_4 and CaP_2H_4O_8 with AM fungi was lower than with NH_4H_2PO_4 and CaP_2H_4O_8, indicating that AM fungi inhibited the fertilizer efficiency of phosphate fertilizers.【Conclusion】 Using different types of fertilizers with AM fungi had promoting,inhibiting or neutral effect on A. adsurgens,and K_2SO_4 and AM fungi had synergistic effects on improving A. adsurgens quality.
【Objective】 The effects of different fertilizers and AM fungi on plant quality of Astragalus adsurgens Pall.were studied.【Method】 This study used Astragalus adsurgens as host plant,Glomus mossease as AM fungi,CO(NH_2)_2 and NH_4HCO_3 as nitrogen fertilizer,NH_4H_2PO_4 and CaP_2H_4O_8 as phosphate fertilizer,as well as KCl and K_2SO_4 as potash fertilizers.Two treatments with and without inoculation of AM fungi were designed.Six months after growth,fresh plants were collected to measure crude protein,crude fat,ash,calcium,phosphorus,and crude fiber contents.The grey correlation analysis method was used to comprehensively analyze the six nutritional indicators of different treatments, and the combination of AM fungi and fertilizer with significant impact was determined.【Result】 The effects of AM fungi inoculation with CO(NH_2)_2,NH_4HCO_3,NH_4H_2PO_4,CaP_2H_4O_8,KCl,and K_2SO_4 on contents of crude protein,crude fat,ash,calcium,phosphorus and crude fiberb in forage grasses were different.The highest contents of crude fiber and crude protein were 4.720 and 0.900 g/kg with the combination of AM fungi and K_2SO_4.The highest ash and calcium contents were 10.060 g/kg and 7 984 mg/kg with NH_4H_2PO_4.The highest phosphorus content was 861.9 mg/kg with AM fungi and NH_4HCO_3,and the highest fiber content was 6.815% with single KCl treatment.Grey correlation analysis showed that the correlation was in the order of combined application of K_2SO_4 and AM fungi treatment>single application of NH_4H_2PO_4 treatment>single application of CaP_2H_4O_8 treatment>combined application of CaP_2H_4O_8 and AM fungi treatment>combined application of NH_4HCO_3 and AM fungi treatment>single application of KCl treatment>single application of CO(NH_2)_2 treatment>combined application of CO(NH_2)_2 and AM fungi treatment>combined application of KCl and AM fungi>combined application of NH_4H_2PO_4 and AM fungi treatment>single application of NH_4HCO_3 treatment>single application of K_2SO_4 treatment.The combination of K_2SO_4 and AM fungi treatment had the best quality of A.adsurgens,while single application of K_2SO_4 had the worst.The quality of A.adsurgens in applications of NH_4H_2PO_4 and CaP_2H_4O_8 with AM fungi was lower than with NH_4H_2PO_4 and CaP_2H_4O_8, indicating that AM fungi inhibited the fertilizer efficiency of phosphate fertilizers.【Conclusion】 Using different types of fertilizers with AM fungi had promoting,inhibiting or neutral effect on A. adsurgens,and K_2SO_4 and AM fungi had synergistic effects on improving A. adsurgens quality.
引文
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[16] 蒋传中,李志萍,邓寒霜.丹参浸出物与灰分测定实验研究 [J].西北药学杂志,2004,19(4):159-160. Jiang C Z,Li Z P,Deng H S.Experimental study on the determination of aalvia extract and ash content [J].Northwest Pharmaceutical Journal,2004,19(4):159-160.
[17] 李会娟.2种植物磷含量的检测方法比较研究 [J].现代农业科技,2012(11):16-17. Li H J.Comparative study on determination of phosphorus content in two kinds of plants [J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2012(11):16-17.
[18] 齐贤涛,孙要武,冯海英.齐齐哈尔市6种蔬菜粗纤维含量测定 [C]//中国营养学会妇幼营养分会.妇幼与青少年营养进展学术研讨会及中国孕妇、乳母和0-6岁儿童膳食指南宣传推广会论文汇编.齐齐哈尔市:[出版者不详],2009. Qi X T,Sun Y W,Feng H Y.Determination of crude fiber content of six vegetables in Qiqihar City [C]//Chinese Nutrition Society Women and Children Nutrition Branch.Symposium on nutritional progress of women and children and adolescents and a compilation of papers on dietary guidelines for pregnant women,lactating mothers and children aged 0-6.Qiqiher:[s.n.],2009.
[19] 李炳军,朱春阳,周杰.原始数据无量纲化处理对灰色关联序的影响 [J].河南农业大学学报,2002,36(2):199-202. Li B J,Zhu C Y,Zhou J.Effect of non-dimensional quantities of original data on grey incidence order [J].Journal of Henan Agricultural University,2002,36(2):199-202.
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[2] 贺学礼,郭辉娟,王银银.土壤水分和AM真菌对沙打旺根际土壤理化性质的影响 [J].河北大学学报(自然科学版),2013,33(5):508-513. He X L,Guo H J,Wang Y Y.Effects of soil moisture and AM fungi on the soil physicochemical property in the rhizosphere of Astragalus adsurgens [J].Journal of Hebei University (Natural Science Edition),2013,33(5):508-513.
[3] 郭艳娥,李芳,李应德,等.AM真菌促进植物吸收利用磷元素的机制 [J].草业科学,2016,33(12):2379-2390. Guo Y E,Li F,Li Y D,et al.Progress in the elucidation of the mechanisms of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in promotion of phosphorus uptake and utilization by plants [J].Pratacultural Science,2016,33(12):2379-2390
[4] Oliveira R S,Vosátka M,Dodd J C,et al.Studies on the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the efficacy of two native isolates in a highly alkaline anthropogenic sediment [J].Mycorrhiza,2005,16(1):23-31.
[5] Shipra S,Anita P,Bhavesh K,et al.Enhancement in growth and quality parameters of tea [Camellia sinensis (L.)O.Kuntze] through inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in an acid soil [J].Biology & Fertility of Soils,2010,46(5):427-433.
[6] Smith S E,Read D J.Mycorrhizal symbiosis [M].London:Academic Press,2010.
[7] Hoeksema J D,Chaudhary V B,Gehring C A,et al.A meta-analysis of context-dependency in plant response to inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi [J].Ecology Letters,2010,13(3):394-407.
[8] 郭辉娟,贺学礼.水分胁迫下AM真菌对沙打旺生长和抗旱性的影响 [J].生态学报,2010,30(21):5933-5940. Guo H J,He X L.Effects of AM fungi on the growth and drought resistance of astragalus membranaceus under water stress [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(21):5933-5940.
[9] Wright S F,Upadhyaya A.A survey of soils for aggregate stability and glomalin,a glycoprotein produced by hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi [J].Plant & Soil,1998,198(1):97-107.
[10] 杨泽新,蔡维湘.贵州灌丛草地几种常见灌木和草本类牧草营养成分含量变化规律研究 [J].中国草地学报,1994(4):54-58. Yang Z X,Cai W X.Study on the changing low of nutrient composition of some major herbages in grass health in Guizhou [J].Grassland of China,1994(4):54-58.
[11] 吴克谦,周清水,李翠英,等.青割沙打旺对牛的饲用价值和安全性 [J].中国农业科学,1987,20(2):93. Wu K Q,Zhou Q S,Li C Y,et al.Feeding value and safeness of milkvetch for cattle [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,1987,20(2):93.
[12] 刘国彬,杨小寅.沙打旺生物量及营养物质形成规律的研究 [J].植物生态学与地植物学学报,1988,12(4):272-282. Liu G B,Yang X Y.Study on the biomass and the formation of nutritional substances in shaoxing [J].Acta Phytoecologica et Geobotanica Sinica,1988,12(4):272-282.
[13] 陈国良,穆兴民.水肥对沙打旺产草量协同效应的初步研究 [J].水土保持学报,1992(3):73-78. Chen G L,Mu X M.A preliminary study on coordinative effect of the moisture and fertilizer on the grass yield of A.adsurgens. [J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1992(3):73-78.
[14] 范双喜,谷建田,韩莹琰.园艺植物高温逆境生理研究进展 [J].北京农学院学报,2003,18(2):147-151. Fan S X,Gu J T,Han Y Y.Progress in research of high temperatwre stress physiology of horticultural plants [J].Journal of Beijing Agricultural University,2003,18(2):147-151.
[15] 袁美,李双玲,任艳,等.正交设计法研究花生粗脂肪含量测定方法 [J].花生学报,2007,36(4):33-35. Yuan M,Li S L,Ren Y,et al.Optimization of peanut fat measurement by orthogonal design [J].Journal of Peanut Science,2007,36(4):33-35.
[16] 蒋传中,李志萍,邓寒霜.丹参浸出物与灰分测定实验研究 [J].西北药学杂志,2004,19(4):159-160. Jiang C Z,Li Z P,Deng H S.Experimental study on the determination of aalvia extract and ash content [J].Northwest Pharmaceutical Journal,2004,19(4):159-160.
[17] 李会娟.2种植物磷含量的检测方法比较研究 [J].现代农业科技,2012(11):16-17. Li H J.Comparative study on determination of phosphorus content in two kinds of plants [J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2012(11):16-17.
[18] 齐贤涛,孙要武,冯海英.齐齐哈尔市6种蔬菜粗纤维含量测定 [C]//中国营养学会妇幼营养分会.妇幼与青少年营养进展学术研讨会及中国孕妇、乳母和0-6岁儿童膳食指南宣传推广会论文汇编.齐齐哈尔市:[出版者不详],2009. Qi X T,Sun Y W,Feng H Y.Determination of crude fiber content of six vegetables in Qiqihar City [C]//Chinese Nutrition Society Women and Children Nutrition Branch.Symposium on nutritional progress of women and children and adolescents and a compilation of papers on dietary guidelines for pregnant women,lactating mothers and children aged 0-6.Qiqiher:[s.n.],2009.
[19] 李炳军,朱春阳,周杰.原始数据无量纲化处理对灰色关联序的影响 [J].河南农业大学学报,2002,36(2):199-202. Li B J,Zhu C Y,Zhou J.Effect of non-dimensional quantities of original data on grey incidence order [J].Journal of Henan Agricultural University,2002,36(2):199-202.
[20] 孙芳芳.浅议灰色关联度分析方法及其应用 [J].科技信息,2010,17(2):886-888. Sun F F.Discussion on grey relational analysis method and its application [J].Science & Technology Information,2010,17(2):886-888.
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