城市公园降温效应的季节性差异研究——以石家庄市为例
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摘要
为研究不同时间尺度下城市公园绿岛效应的演变过程和变化特征,选取石家庄二环内区域2014-2015年4景不同季节的Landsat8TM遥感影像数据,利用定量遥感中的地温反演模型、ArcGIS的缓冲区工具以及景观格局分析理论,对研究区公园绿岛效应的季节演变特征与景观格局指数进行分析。结果表明:1)城市公园对周边热环境的降温范围和幅度有明显季节差异,各个公园的季节差异大小各有不同;2)在夏季,公园是城市绿岛的集中所在地,其他季节则不明显;3)当内部草地和不透水面占比之和超过50%时,公园在春、秋、冬季节的绿岛效应便会明显减弱,超过80%时会成为城市热岛中心;4)当内部林地和水体占比超过55%时,公园在四季均有明显降温效应。
In order to understand the evolution process and characteristics of city park green island effect at different time scales,Landsat8 TM remote sensing image data of Shijiazhuang in four seasons during 2014-2015 were selected.By applying earth temperature inversion technology of quantitative remote sensing,tool buffer of ArcGIS,and landscape pattern analysis theory,the seasonal evolution features and landscape pattern index of park green island effect in the study area were investigated.The results showed that 1)there were obvious seasonal differences in the temperature range and range of the urban parks on the surrounding thermal environment,and the seasonal differences in each park were different.2)In the summer,city islands were concentrated in parks,it was not true in other seasons.3)When the ratio of internal grass and impervious surface was more than 50%,the green island effect of the parks significantly reduced in all the seasons except for summer,when the ratio was over 80%,city parks became the city heat island center.4)When the woodland and water body accounted for more than 55%,the parks had significant cooling effect in the four seasons.
In order to understand the evolution process and characteristics of city park green island effect at different time scales,Landsat8 TM remote sensing image data of Shijiazhuang in four seasons during 2014-2015 were selected.By applying earth temperature inversion technology of quantitative remote sensing,tool buffer of ArcGIS,and landscape pattern analysis theory,the seasonal evolution features and landscape pattern index of park green island effect in the study area were investigated.The results showed that 1)there were obvious seasonal differences in the temperature range and range of the urban parks on the surrounding thermal environment,and the seasonal differences in each park were different.2)In the summer,city islands were concentrated in parks,it was not true in other seasons.3)When the ratio of internal grass and impervious surface was more than 50%,the green island effect of the parks significantly reduced in all the seasons except for summer,when the ratio was over 80%,city parks became the city heat island center.4)When the woodland and water body accounted for more than 55%,the parks had significant cooling effect in the four seasons.
引文
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[20]王海涛,董雅,张昊雁.公园绿地降温效应及相关性分析——以天津市为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(6):83-89.WANG H T,DONG Y,ZHANG H Y.Cooling effect and coeerlation analysis of parks green space:a case study in Tianjin[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2017,31(6):83-89.(in Chinese)
[2]叶萌,宋于洋,田晓鸽.新疆库尔勒孔雀公园景观格局与生态服务功能动态分析[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(3):259-264.YE M,SONG Y Y,TIAN X G.Dynamic analysis of landscape pattern and ecological service function of the peacock park in Korla,Xinjiang[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(3):259-264.(in Chinese)
[3] BOELER D E,PULLIN A S,KNIGHT T M,et al.Urban greening to cool towns and cities:a systematic review of the empirical evidence[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2010,97:147-155.(in Chinese)
[4]马雪梅,张友静,黄浩.城市热场与绿地景观相关性定量分析[J].国土资源遥感,2005,16(3):10-13.
[5]李延明,郭佳,冯久莹.城市绿色空间及对城市热岛效应的影响[J].城市环境与城市生态,2004,17(1):1-4.LI Y M,GUO J,FENG J Y.Urban green space and its effect on urban heat island effect[J].Urban Environment and Urban Ecology,2004,17(1):1-4.(in Chinese)
[6] SPRONKEN-SMITH R A,OKE T R.The thermal regime of urban parks in two cities with different summer climate[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1998,19:2085-2104.
[7] NICHOL J.Remote sensing of urban heat islands by day and night[J].Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,2005,71:613-621.
[8] REN Z B,HE X Y,ZHENG H F,et al.Estimation of the relationship between urban park characteristics and park cool island intensity by remote sensing data and field measurement[J].Forests,2013,4:868-886.
[9]张新平,张芳芳,王得祥,等.基于遥感指标的6个世园公园热环境效应对比分析[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(6):19-25.ZHANG X P,ZHANG F F,WANG D X,et al.Comparative analysis on thermal environment effects of six international horticultural exhibition parks based on remote sensing indices in China[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2016,31(6):19-25.(in Chinese)
[10]苏泳娴,黄光庆,陈修治,等.广州市城区公园对周边环境的降温效应[J].生态学报,2011,31(23):312-315.
[11]冯悦怡,胡潭高,张力小.城市公园景观空间结构对其热环境效应的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(12):3179-3187.
[12]薛志成.城市热岛效应威胁人类健康[J].安全与健康,2002(13):15-16.
[13]覃志豪.用陆地卫星TM6数据演算地表温度的单窗算法[J].地理学报,2001,56(4):456-466.
[14]孙飒梅,卢昌义.遥感监测城市热岛强度及其作为生态监测指标的探讨[J].厦门大学学报:自然科学版,2002,41(1):66-70.SUN S M,LU C Y.Study on monitoring intensity of urban heat island and taking it as an indicator for urban ecosystem by remote sensing[J].Journal of Xiamen University:Natural Science,2002,41(1):66-70.(in Chinese)
[15]肖捷颖,季娜,李星,等.城市公园降温效应分析——以石家庄市为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(2):75-79.
[16]李倩,吴英,毛双双.不同地表覆盖类型对城市地表热环境的调节[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(3):198-204,210.LI Q,WU Y,MAO S S.Rrgulation function of different surface cover types to urban surface thermal environment[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(3):198-204,210.(in Chinese)
[17]孔繁花,尹海伟,刘金勇,等.城市绿地降温效应研究进展与展望[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(1):171-181.KONG F H,YIN H W,LIU J Y,et al.A review of research on the urban green space cooling effec[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2013,28(1):171-181.(in Chinese)
[18]冯晓刚,石辉.基于遥感的夏季西安城市公园“冷效应”研究[J].生态学报,2012,32(23):7355-7363.FENG X G,SHI H.Research on the cooling effect of Xi'an parks in summer based on remote sensing[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(23):7355-7363.(in Chinese)
[19]姚远,陈曦,钱静.城市地表热环境研究进展[J].生态学报,2018,38(3):1134-1147.YAO Y,CHEN X,QIAN J.Research progress on the thermal environment of the urban sueface[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(3):1134-1147.(in Chinese)
[20]王海涛,董雅,张昊雁.公园绿地降温效应及相关性分析——以天津市为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(6):83-89.WANG H T,DONG Y,ZHANG H Y.Cooling effect and coeerlation analysis of parks green space:a case study in Tianjin[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2017,31(6):83-89.(in Chinese)
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