锌镉单一胁迫荠菜和地肤子的生长特性及对重金属的积累特征
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摘要
以荠菜和地肤子为供试植物,通过水培实验,研究荠菜和地肤子在Zn、Cd单一胁迫下的生长特征、生化指标以及对锌镉吸收积累的规律。结果表明:Zn、Cd对荠菜和地肤子种子萌发、芽和根的伸长均产生抑制作用;在Zn、Cd单一胁迫下,随着处理浓度的升高,荠菜和地肤子体内游离脯氨酸含量均呈现先升后降趋势,地肤子体内过氧化物酶活性呈现一定的上升态势;从总量上来看,随着Zn、Cd单一处理浓度的增加,荠菜和地肤子体内各部分的累积量也相应增加。Zn胁迫下,荠菜的Zn积累量呈现为地上部分>根系。在Cd胁迫下,低浓度Cd~(2+)小于5 mg/L时,荠菜和地肤子均表现为根系>地上部分;高浓度Cd~(2+)大于15 mg/L时,则表现为地上部分>根系。综合实验结果,可初步判断荠菜和地肤子能积累和忍受一定量的Zn、Cd,荠菜和地肤子根茎发达,生长过程中通过根系带走部分重金属Zn、Cd,因此荠菜和地肤子具有修复重金属Zn和Cd污染土壤的潜能。
Using Brassica juncea and Kochia Scoparia as experimental plant, through the hydroponic experiments, the growth characteristics, biochemical index and accumulation abilities of heavy metals of B. juncea and K. Scoparia under Zn, Cd stress were studied. The results showed that Zn and Cd inhibited the germination, bud and root elongation of B. juncea and K. Scoparia; Under the stress of single zinc(Zn) and single cadmium(Cd),with the increase of treatment concentration, the free proline in B. juncea and K. Scoparia increased firstly then reduced, the peroxidase in K. Scoparia increased; In terms of the total amount, with the increase of treatment concentration, the accumulation of various parts of B. juncea and K. Scoparia were also increased correspondingly.Under Zn stress, the accumulation of Zn in the aerial parts of B. juncea was higher than that of roots. Under Cd stress, when the low concentration of Cd~(2+) was less than 5 mg/L, the roots of B. juncea and K. Scoparia were higher than the aerial parts. When the high concentration of Cd~(2+) was greater than 15 mg/L, the aerial parts were higher than the roots. The results of the present study suggested that B. juncea and K. Scoparia were able to accumulate and tolerate in a certain amount of Zn and Cd. In a conclusion, the B. juncea and K. Scoparia have a promising remedial potential for Zn and Cd contamination soil, because they have the well developed rhizome which have the absorbing and accumulation function for Zn and Cd from the contaminated soil.
Using Brassica juncea and Kochia Scoparia as experimental plant, through the hydroponic experiments, the growth characteristics, biochemical index and accumulation abilities of heavy metals of B. juncea and K. Scoparia under Zn, Cd stress were studied. The results showed that Zn and Cd inhibited the germination, bud and root elongation of B. juncea and K. Scoparia; Under the stress of single zinc(Zn) and single cadmium(Cd),with the increase of treatment concentration, the free proline in B. juncea and K. Scoparia increased firstly then reduced, the peroxidase in K. Scoparia increased; In terms of the total amount, with the increase of treatment concentration, the accumulation of various parts of B. juncea and K. Scoparia were also increased correspondingly.Under Zn stress, the accumulation of Zn in the aerial parts of B. juncea was higher than that of roots. Under Cd stress, when the low concentration of Cd~(2+) was less than 5 mg/L, the roots of B. juncea and K. Scoparia were higher than the aerial parts. When the high concentration of Cd~(2+) was greater than 15 mg/L, the aerial parts were higher than the roots. The results of the present study suggested that B. juncea and K. Scoparia were able to accumulate and tolerate in a certain amount of Zn and Cd. In a conclusion, the B. juncea and K. Scoparia have a promising remedial potential for Zn and Cd contamination soil, because they have the well developed rhizome which have the absorbing and accumulation function for Zn and Cd from the contaminated soil.
引文
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[22]魏树和,杨传杰,周启星.三叶鬼针草等7种常见菊科杂草植物对重金属的超富集特征[J].环境科学,2008,29(10):2912-2918.
[23]Stalt D E.Phytoextraction present application and future promise[C]//Wise D L,Trantolo D J,Cichon E J,et al.Bioremediation of contaminated soils.New York:Marcel Dekker Press,2000.
[2]高永生,王锁民,宫海军,等.盐碱胁迫下植物离子转运的分子生物学研究[J].草业学报,2003,12(5):18-25.
[3]Wang Q R,Dong Y,Cui Y,et al.Instances of soil and crop heavy metal contamination in China[J].Soil and Sediment Contamination,2001,10(5):497-510.
[4]卫泽斌,郭晓方,吴启堂,等.植物套种及化学强化对重金属污染土壤的持续修复效果研究[J].环境科学,2014,35(11):4305-4312.
[5]张家洋.重金属铅镉短期胁迫对蓬莱蕉生理生化指标的影响[J].水土保持研究,2016,30(2):340-345.
[6]张凤,郝树芹,陈昆.铜胁迫对矮牵牛幼苗生长、光合色素及活性氧代谢的影响[J].西部林业科学,2017,46(6):97-102.
[7]李永杰,李吉跃,蔡囊,等.铅胁迫对大叶黄杨铅积累量及叶片生理特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2003,23(5):28-33.
[8]葛才林,杨小勇,朱红霞,等.重金属胁迫对水稻叶片过氧化氢酶活性和同功表达的影响[J].核农学报,2002,16(4):197-201.
[9]朱志国,周守标.铜锌复合胁迫对芦竹生理生化特性、重金属富集和土壤酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(1):276-281.
[10]李子芳,刘惠芬,熊肖霞,等.镉胁迫对小麦种子萌发幼苗生长及生理生化特性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(S):17-20.
[11]张小艾,李名扬,汪志辉,等.重金属及盐碱对二月兰幼苗生长和生理生化的影响[J].草业学报,2013,22(2):187-194.
[12]李兆君,马国瑞,徐建民,等.植物适应重金属Cd胁迫的生理及分子生物学机理[J].土壤通报,2004,35(2):234-238.
[13]田小霞,孟林,毛培春,等.重金属Cd、Zn对长穗偃麦草生理生化特性的影响及其积累能力研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(8):1483-1490.
[14]孙健,铁柏清,钱湛,等.单一重金属胁迫对灯心草生长及生理生化指标的影响[J].土壤通报,2007,38(1):121-127.
[15]曹义植,吕忠怒.水分胁迫下植物体内游离脯氨酸的积累及ABA在其中的作用[J].植物生理学报,1985,11(1):9-16.
[16]任丽丽,任春明,赵自国.植物耐盐性研究进展[J].山西农业科学,2010,38(5):87-90.
[17]王萍,张兴旭,赵晓静.重金属胁迫对醉马草生长及生理生化指标的影响[J].草业科学,2013,31(6):1080-1086.
[18]Zhang X X,Li C J,Nan Z B.Effect of cadmium stress on growth and anti-oxidative systems in Achnarum inebrians symbiotic with Neotyphodium gansuense[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,175:703-709.
[19]Patra J,Lenka M,Panda B B.Tolerance and co-tolerance of the grass Chloris barbata Sw.to tercury,cadmium and zinc[J].New Phytologist,1994,128(1):165-171.
[20]Schat H,Sharma S S,Vooijs R.Heavy metal-induced accumulation of free proline in a metal-tolerant and a nontolerant ecotype of Sliene vulgaris[J].Physiology Planta,1997,101:477-482.
[21]杨居荣,鲍子平,张素芹.镉、铅在植物细胞内的分布及其可溶性结合形态[J].中国环境科学,1993,13(4):263-268.
[22]魏树和,杨传杰,周启星.三叶鬼针草等7种常见菊科杂草植物对重金属的超富集特征[J].环境科学,2008,29(10):2912-2918.
[23]Stalt D E.Phytoextraction present application and future promise[C]//Wise D L,Trantolo D J,Cichon E J,et al.Bioremediation of contaminated soils.New York:Marcel Dekker Press,2000.
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